The effects of time-restricted eating and Ramadan fasting on gut microbiota composition: a systematic review of human and animal studies

ContextIt is well known that the microbiome undergoes cyclical diurnal rhythms. It has thus been hypothesized that meal timing may affect gut microbial composition, function, and host health.ObjectiveThis review aims to examine the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) and Ramadan fasting (RF) on the composition of the gut microbiota in animal and human studies. The associations between composition of microbiota and host metabolic parameters are also examined.Data SourcesA search was performed on the PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to December 31, 2022. The search strategy was performed using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms “intermittent fasting” and “gastrointestinal microbiome” and the key words “Ramadan fasting” and “microbes.”Data ExtractionSeven human studies (4 TRE and 3 RF) and 9 animal studies (7 TRE, 2 RF-like) were retrieved.Data AnalysisTRE and RF in human studies lead to an increase in gut microbial community alpha-diversity. In animal studies (both TRE and RF-like), fasting is not associated with improved alpha-diversity, but enhancement of microbial fluctuation is observed, compared with high-fat diet ad libitum groups. Within Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, no specific direction of changes resulting from fasting are observed in both animals and human. After TRE or RF, a greater abundance of the Faecalibacterium genus is observed in human studies; changes in Lactobacillus abundance are found in animal studies; and increases in Akkermansia are seen both in humans and in animals fed a feed-pellet diet. Only 2 human studies show a beneficial correlation between microbiota changes and host metabolic (HDL cholesterol) or anthropometric parameters (body mass index).ConclusionsThese findings support the importance of both regimens in improving the gut microbiota composition. However, based on results of animal studies, it can be suggested that diet remains the essential factor in forming the microbiota’s environment.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration no. CRD42021278918.

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Main Authors: Pieczyńska-Zając, Joanna M., Malinowska, Anna, Łagowska, Karolina, Leciejewska, Natalia, Bajerska, Joanna
Format: Article/Letter to editor biblioteca
Language:English
Subjects:Life Science,
Online Access:https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/the-effects-of-time-restricted-eating-and-ramadan-fasting-on-gut-
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spelling dig-wur-nl-wurpubs-6184402024-12-04 Pieczyńska-Zając, Joanna M. Malinowska, Anna Łagowska, Karolina Leciejewska, Natalia Bajerska, Joanna Article/Letter to editor Nutrition Reviews 82 (2024) 6 ISSN: 0029-6643 The effects of time-restricted eating and Ramadan fasting on gut microbiota composition: a systematic review of human and animal studies 2024 ContextIt is well known that the microbiome undergoes cyclical diurnal rhythms. It has thus been hypothesized that meal timing may affect gut microbial composition, function, and host health.ObjectiveThis review aims to examine the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) and Ramadan fasting (RF) on the composition of the gut microbiota in animal and human studies. The associations between composition of microbiota and host metabolic parameters are also examined.Data SourcesA search was performed on the PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to December 31, 2022. The search strategy was performed using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms “intermittent fasting” and “gastrointestinal microbiome” and the key words “Ramadan fasting” and “microbes.”Data ExtractionSeven human studies (4 TRE and 3 RF) and 9 animal studies (7 TRE, 2 RF-like) were retrieved.Data AnalysisTRE and RF in human studies lead to an increase in gut microbial community alpha-diversity. In animal studies (both TRE and RF-like), fasting is not associated with improved alpha-diversity, but enhancement of microbial fluctuation is observed, compared with high-fat diet ad libitum groups. Within Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, no specific direction of changes resulting from fasting are observed in both animals and human. After TRE or RF, a greater abundance of the Faecalibacterium genus is observed in human studies; changes in Lactobacillus abundance are found in animal studies; and increases in Akkermansia are seen both in humans and in animals fed a feed-pellet diet. Only 2 human studies show a beneficial correlation between microbiota changes and host metabolic (HDL cholesterol) or anthropometric parameters (body mass index).ConclusionsThese findings support the importance of both regimens in improving the gut microbiota composition. However, based on results of animal studies, it can be suggested that diet remains the essential factor in forming the microbiota’s environment.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration no. CRD42021278918. en application/pdf https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/the-effects-of-time-restricted-eating-and-ramadan-fasting-on-gut- 10.1093/nutrit/nuad093 https://edepot.wur.nl/637381 Life Science https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Wageningen University & Research
institution WUR NL
collection DSpace
country Países bajos
countrycode NL
component Bibliográfico
access En linea
databasecode dig-wur-nl
tag biblioteca
region Europa del Oeste
libraryname WUR Library Netherlands
language English
topic Life Science
Life Science
spellingShingle Life Science
Life Science
Pieczyńska-Zając, Joanna M.
Malinowska, Anna
Łagowska, Karolina
Leciejewska, Natalia
Bajerska, Joanna
The effects of time-restricted eating and Ramadan fasting on gut microbiota composition: a systematic review of human and animal studies
description ContextIt is well known that the microbiome undergoes cyclical diurnal rhythms. It has thus been hypothesized that meal timing may affect gut microbial composition, function, and host health.ObjectiveThis review aims to examine the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) and Ramadan fasting (RF) on the composition of the gut microbiota in animal and human studies. The associations between composition of microbiota and host metabolic parameters are also examined.Data SourcesA search was performed on the PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to December 31, 2022. The search strategy was performed using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms “intermittent fasting” and “gastrointestinal microbiome” and the key words “Ramadan fasting” and “microbes.”Data ExtractionSeven human studies (4 TRE and 3 RF) and 9 animal studies (7 TRE, 2 RF-like) were retrieved.Data AnalysisTRE and RF in human studies lead to an increase in gut microbial community alpha-diversity. In animal studies (both TRE and RF-like), fasting is not associated with improved alpha-diversity, but enhancement of microbial fluctuation is observed, compared with high-fat diet ad libitum groups. Within Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, no specific direction of changes resulting from fasting are observed in both animals and human. After TRE or RF, a greater abundance of the Faecalibacterium genus is observed in human studies; changes in Lactobacillus abundance are found in animal studies; and increases in Akkermansia are seen both in humans and in animals fed a feed-pellet diet. Only 2 human studies show a beneficial correlation between microbiota changes and host metabolic (HDL cholesterol) or anthropometric parameters (body mass index).ConclusionsThese findings support the importance of both regimens in improving the gut microbiota composition. However, based on results of animal studies, it can be suggested that diet remains the essential factor in forming the microbiota’s environment.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration no. CRD42021278918.
format Article/Letter to editor
topic_facet Life Science
author Pieczyńska-Zając, Joanna M.
Malinowska, Anna
Łagowska, Karolina
Leciejewska, Natalia
Bajerska, Joanna
author_facet Pieczyńska-Zając, Joanna M.
Malinowska, Anna
Łagowska, Karolina
Leciejewska, Natalia
Bajerska, Joanna
author_sort Pieczyńska-Zając, Joanna M.
title The effects of time-restricted eating and Ramadan fasting on gut microbiota composition: a systematic review of human and animal studies
title_short The effects of time-restricted eating and Ramadan fasting on gut microbiota composition: a systematic review of human and animal studies
title_full The effects of time-restricted eating and Ramadan fasting on gut microbiota composition: a systematic review of human and animal studies
title_fullStr The effects of time-restricted eating and Ramadan fasting on gut microbiota composition: a systematic review of human and animal studies
title_full_unstemmed The effects of time-restricted eating and Ramadan fasting on gut microbiota composition: a systematic review of human and animal studies
title_sort effects of time-restricted eating and ramadan fasting on gut microbiota composition: a systematic review of human and animal studies
url https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/the-effects-of-time-restricted-eating-and-ramadan-fasting-on-gut-
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