Gezonde vis alternatieven literatuurstudie binnen het beleidsondersteunende project "Nieuwe marktgerichte duurzame eiwitconcepten"

Within the policy supporting project "New market-oriented sustainable protein concepts" (BO-08-018.03-002), a literature study is performed to healthy fish alternatives. The research question was: "What is the nutritional importance of fish consumption, what are alternatives to fish, are there technological and legal barriers, and what are the limits for enrichment with nutritional components?" From a health perspective stimulation of fish consumption is desired, fish is a major supplier of the omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA, and the present consumption of fish is too low to meet the nutritional recommendations for these fatty acids (Health Council: 450 mg/day , EFSA: 250 mg/day). The Health Council’s recommendation to eat fish twice a week provides health benefits, but is also ecologically unfavourable, because it is a threat for wild fish stocks. This report focuses on alternative sources for the supply of these fish oil fatty acids. In a previous report the Health Council concluded that alternative sources of fish oil fatty acids (such as certain meats, shrimp and krill) and alternatives to fish oil fatty acids (alphalinolenic acid from certain plants) were not regarded as options that could serve as good substitutes for fish oil fatty acids. We agree with this conclusion: at the moment we too cannot indicate suitable alternatives to fish which are applicable immediately. But there are some potential alternatives with perspective in the future. These mainly concern certain types of algae, transgenic oil crops and insects. The study of these sources is on-going. Micro-algae and transgenic oil crops are not primarily intended for human consumption as such, but as a source for the extraction of oil to be used for human consumption. The extracted oil can be used as an additive in a wide range of food products. The extracted oil or the micro-algae and transgenic oil crops as such can also be used in feed, in this way providing meat, milk, eggs and cultured fish enriched in EPA and DHA. Insects are both intended for human consumption and for feed. During extraction, application, packaging and storage much attention should be paid to the prevention of oxidative degradation of fish oil fatty acids. Due to their susceptibility to oxidation, the use of enriched products as a source of fish oil fatty acids is a major challenge and may be restrictive for the quantity that can be added to a food product. The potential alternatives mentioned before will have to comply with law and regulations regarding their use in foods, including the Novel Food Regulation in case of human food products. Furthermore, when used as feed and in food of animal origin Regulation 183/2005 and Regulation 853/2004 of the hygiene package must be met

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	van der Sluis, A.A., Vereijken, J.M.
Format:	External research report biblioteca
Language:	Dutch
Published:	Wageningen UR Food & Biobased Research
Subjects:	Netherlands, algae, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, fish, fish consumption, food enrichment, food legislation, nutrient sources, nutrition and health, omega-3 fatty acids, recommended dietary allowances, Nederland, aanbevolen dagelijkse hoeveelheden, algen, docosahexaeenzuur, eicosapentaeenzuur, omega-3 vetzuren, vis, visconsumptie, voeding en gezondheid, voedingsmiddelenwetgeving, voedingsstoffenbronnen, voedselverrijking,
Online Access:	https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/gezonde-vis-alternatieven-literatuurstudie-binnen-het-beleidsonde
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