Transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing are mechanistically related
Two distinct gene-silencing phenomena are observed in plants: transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), which involves decreased RNA synthesis because of promoter methylation, and posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), which involves sequence-specific RNA degradation. PTGS is induced by deliberate [1-4] or fortuitous production (R.v.B., unpublished data) of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). TGS could be the result of DNA pairing [5], but could also be the result of dsRNA, as was shown by the dsRNA-induced inactivation of a transgenic promoter [6]. Here, we show that when targeting flower pigmentation genes in Petunia, transgenes expressing dsRNA can induce PTGS when coding sequences are used and TGS when promoter sequences are taken. For both types of silencing, small RNA species are found, which are thought to be dsRNA decay products [7] and determine the sequence specificity of the silencing process [8, 9]. Furthermore, silencing is accompanied by the methylation of DNA sequences that are homologous to dsRNA. DNA methylation is assumed to be essential for regulating TGS and important for reinforcing PTGS [10]. Therefore, we conclude that TGS and PTGS are mechanistically related. In addition, we show that dsRNA-induced TGS provides an efficient tool to generate gene knockouts, because not only does the TGS of a PTGS-inducing transgene fully revert the PTGS phenotype, but also an endogenous gene can be transcriptionally silenced by dsRNA corresponding to its promoter.
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dig-wur-nl-wurpubs-1093452024-09-23 Sijen, T. Vijn, I. Rebocho, A. van Blokland, R. Roelofs, D. Mol, J.N.M. Kooter, J.M. Article/Letter to editor Current Biology 11 (2001) ISSN: 0960-9822 Transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing are mechanistically related 2001 Two distinct gene-silencing phenomena are observed in plants: transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), which involves decreased RNA synthesis because of promoter methylation, and posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), which involves sequence-specific RNA degradation. PTGS is induced by deliberate [1-4] or fortuitous production (R.v.B., unpublished data) of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). TGS could be the result of DNA pairing [5], but could also be the result of dsRNA, as was shown by the dsRNA-induced inactivation of a transgenic promoter [6]. Here, we show that when targeting flower pigmentation genes in Petunia, transgenes expressing dsRNA can induce PTGS when coding sequences are used and TGS when promoter sequences are taken. For both types of silencing, small RNA species are found, which are thought to be dsRNA decay products [7] and determine the sequence specificity of the silencing process [8, 9]. Furthermore, silencing is accompanied by the methylation of DNA sequences that are homologous to dsRNA. DNA methylation is assumed to be essential for regulating TGS and important for reinforcing PTGS [10]. Therefore, we conclude that TGS and PTGS are mechanistically related. In addition, we show that dsRNA-induced TGS provides an efficient tool to generate gene knockouts, because not only does the TGS of a PTGS-inducing transgene fully revert the PTGS phenotype, but also an endogenous gene can be transcriptionally silenced by dsRNA corresponding to its promoter. en application/pdf https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/transcriptional-and-posttranscriptional-gene-silencing-are-mechan 10.1016/S0960-9822(01)00116-6 https://edepot.wur.nl/41539 Life Science (c) publisher Wageningen University & Research |
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Two distinct gene-silencing phenomena are observed in plants: transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), which involves decreased RNA synthesis because of promoter methylation, and posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), which involves sequence-specific RNA degradation. PTGS is induced by deliberate [1-4] or fortuitous production (R.v.B., unpublished data) of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). TGS could be the result of DNA pairing [5], but could also be the result of dsRNA, as was shown by the dsRNA-induced inactivation of a transgenic promoter [6]. Here, we show that when targeting flower pigmentation genes in Petunia, transgenes expressing dsRNA can induce PTGS when coding sequences are used and TGS when promoter sequences are taken. For both types of silencing, small RNA species are found, which are thought to be dsRNA decay products [7] and determine the sequence specificity of the silencing process [8, 9]. Furthermore, silencing is accompanied by the methylation of DNA sequences that are homologous to dsRNA. DNA methylation is assumed to be essential for regulating TGS and important for reinforcing PTGS [10]. Therefore, we conclude that TGS and PTGS are mechanistically related. In addition, we show that dsRNA-induced TGS provides an efficient tool to generate gene knockouts, because not only does the TGS of a PTGS-inducing transgene fully revert the PTGS phenotype, but also an endogenous gene can be transcriptionally silenced by dsRNA corresponding to its promoter. |
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Article/Letter to editor |
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Life Science |
author |
Sijen, T. Vijn, I. Rebocho, A. van Blokland, R. Roelofs, D. Mol, J.N.M. Kooter, J.M. |
author_facet |
Sijen, T. Vijn, I. Rebocho, A. van Blokland, R. Roelofs, D. Mol, J.N.M. Kooter, J.M. |
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Sijen, T. |
title |
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing are mechanistically related |
title_short |
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing are mechanistically related |
title_full |
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing are mechanistically related |
title_fullStr |
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing are mechanistically related |
title_full_unstemmed |
Transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing are mechanistically related |
title_sort |
transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing are mechanistically related |
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https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/transcriptional-and-posttranscriptional-gene-silencing-are-mechan |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT sijent transcriptionalandposttranscriptionalgenesilencingaremechanisticallyrelated AT vijni transcriptionalandposttranscriptionalgenesilencingaremechanisticallyrelated AT rebochoa transcriptionalandposttranscriptionalgenesilencingaremechanisticallyrelated AT vanbloklandr transcriptionalandposttranscriptionalgenesilencingaremechanisticallyrelated AT roelofsd transcriptionalandposttranscriptionalgenesilencingaremechanisticallyrelated AT moljnm transcriptionalandposttranscriptionalgenesilencingaremechanisticallyrelated AT kooterjm transcriptionalandposttranscriptionalgenesilencingaremechanisticallyrelated |
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1813047974777847808 |