Economic Opportunities for Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Conference Edition
Indigenous peoples make up less than 5 percent of the world's population, yet comprise 15 percent of the world's poor. The indigenous population of Latin America is estimated at 28 million. Despite significant changes in poverty overall, the proportion of indigenous peoples in the region living in poverty - at almost 80 percent - did not change much from the early 1990s to the early 2000s. Economic Opportunities for Indigenous Peoples in Latin America moves beyond earlier work which focused primarily on human development, and looks at the distribution and returns to income generating assets - physical and human capital, public assets and social capital - and the affect these have on income generation strategies. Low income and low assets are mutually reinforcing. Low education levels translate into low income, resulting in poor health and reduced schooling of future generations. Low assets not only reduce the ability to generate income, they also hinder the capacity to insure against shocks, thus increasing vulnerability. This is especially true when coupled with missing credit and insurance markets. There are significant complementarities across assets, which imply that the returns to one asset depend on access to another. These synergies between assets accumulate the disadvantages of the asset-poor in terms of returns to income-generating activities. They also dictate policies that facilitate access not only to one key productive asset, such as land, but also to complementary assets, such as training and infrastructure, which affect the returns to land.
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dig-okr-109868019 |
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koha |
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Banco Mundial |
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DSpace |
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Estados Unidos |
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US |
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Bibliográfico |
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En linea |
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dig-okr |
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biblioteca |
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America del Norte |
| libraryname |
Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCULTURATION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE ANTI-POVERTY BASIC NEEDS CAPITAL THEORY CAPITALIZATION CITIES COLONIALISM CULTURAL DIFFERENCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION DISEQUILIBRIUM DISSEMINATION DRUGS DUAL ECONOMY EARNING ASSETS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMIC THEORY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ETHNIC RELATIONS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FAMILY INCOME FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESOURCES FARMERS FORMAL EDUCATION FUTURE GENERATIONS FUTURE RESEARCH HEALTH HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH SERVICES HIGHER INCIDENCE OF POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS IDENTITY ILLNESS IMMIGRANTS INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS INEFFICIENCY INEQUALITY INSURANCE MARKETS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL LAW KINSHIP KINSHIP NETWORKS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LACK OF CREDIT LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE LAND ASSETS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND RIGHTS LAND TITLING LANDHOLDINGS LAWS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS MARGINAL VALUE MIGRANT MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MOTHER MULTIPLIER EFFECTS NORMS NUTRITION POOR POOR HEALTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INFRASTRUCTURE POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY GAP POVERTY PROGRAMS POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE PROPERTY PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF EDUCATION REMITTANCES ROLE MODELS RUNNING WATER RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL ORGANIZATIONS RURAL ROADS SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL STUDENTS SELF-CONFIDENCE SERVICE PROVIDER SKILLED WORKERS SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL PRESSURE SOCIAL SPENDING SOCIETIES SOCIETY SPILLOVER SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADITIONAL PRACTICES TRADITIONAL VALUES TRANSPORTATION URBAN AREAS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS VULNERABILITY WAGE DISCRIMINATION WAGES WEALTH WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN ACCULTURATION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE ANTI-POVERTY BASIC NEEDS CAPITAL THEORY CAPITALIZATION CITIES COLONIALISM CULTURAL DIFFERENCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION DISEQUILIBRIUM DISSEMINATION DRUGS DUAL ECONOMY EARNING ASSETS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMIC THEORY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ETHNIC RELATIONS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FAMILY INCOME FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESOURCES FARMERS FORMAL EDUCATION FUTURE GENERATIONS FUTURE RESEARCH HEALTH HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH SERVICES HIGHER INCIDENCE OF POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS IDENTITY ILLNESS IMMIGRANTS INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS INEFFICIENCY INEQUALITY INSURANCE MARKETS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL LAW KINSHIP KINSHIP NETWORKS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LACK OF CREDIT LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE LAND ASSETS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND RIGHTS LAND TITLING LANDHOLDINGS LAWS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS MARGINAL VALUE MIGRANT MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MOTHER MULTIPLIER EFFECTS NORMS NUTRITION POOR POOR HEALTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INFRASTRUCTURE POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY GAP POVERTY PROGRAMS POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE PROPERTY PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF EDUCATION REMITTANCES ROLE MODELS RUNNING WATER RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL ORGANIZATIONS RURAL ROADS SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL STUDENTS SELF-CONFIDENCE SERVICE PROVIDER SKILLED WORKERS SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL PRESSURE SOCIAL SPENDING SOCIETIES SOCIETY SPILLOVER SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADITIONAL PRACTICES TRADITIONAL VALUES TRANSPORTATION URBAN AREAS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS VULNERABILITY WAGE DISCRIMINATION WAGES WEALTH WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN |
| spellingShingle |
ACCULTURATION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE ANTI-POVERTY BASIC NEEDS CAPITAL THEORY CAPITALIZATION CITIES COLONIALISM CULTURAL DIFFERENCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION DISEQUILIBRIUM DISSEMINATION DRUGS DUAL ECONOMY EARNING ASSETS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMIC THEORY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ETHNIC RELATIONS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FAMILY INCOME FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESOURCES FARMERS FORMAL EDUCATION FUTURE GENERATIONS FUTURE RESEARCH HEALTH HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH SERVICES HIGHER INCIDENCE OF POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS IDENTITY ILLNESS IMMIGRANTS INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS INEFFICIENCY INEQUALITY INSURANCE MARKETS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL LAW KINSHIP KINSHIP NETWORKS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LACK OF CREDIT LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE LAND ASSETS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND RIGHTS LAND TITLING LANDHOLDINGS LAWS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS MARGINAL VALUE MIGRANT MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MOTHER MULTIPLIER EFFECTS NORMS NUTRITION POOR POOR HEALTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INFRASTRUCTURE POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY GAP POVERTY PROGRAMS POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE PROPERTY PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF EDUCATION REMITTANCES ROLE MODELS RUNNING WATER RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL ORGANIZATIONS RURAL ROADS SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL STUDENTS SELF-CONFIDENCE SERVICE PROVIDER SKILLED WORKERS SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL PRESSURE SOCIAL SPENDING SOCIETIES SOCIETY SPILLOVER SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADITIONAL PRACTICES TRADITIONAL VALUES TRANSPORTATION URBAN AREAS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS VULNERABILITY WAGE DISCRIMINATION WAGES WEALTH WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN ACCULTURATION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE ANTI-POVERTY BASIC NEEDS CAPITAL THEORY CAPITALIZATION CITIES COLONIALISM CULTURAL DIFFERENCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION DISEQUILIBRIUM DISSEMINATION DRUGS DUAL ECONOMY EARNING ASSETS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMIC THEORY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ETHNIC RELATIONS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FAMILY INCOME FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESOURCES FARMERS FORMAL EDUCATION FUTURE GENERATIONS FUTURE RESEARCH HEALTH HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH SERVICES HIGHER INCIDENCE OF POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS IDENTITY ILLNESS IMMIGRANTS INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS INEFFICIENCY INEQUALITY INSURANCE MARKETS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL LAW KINSHIP KINSHIP NETWORKS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LACK OF CREDIT LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE LAND ASSETS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND RIGHTS LAND TITLING LANDHOLDINGS LAWS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS MARGINAL VALUE MIGRANT MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MOTHER MULTIPLIER EFFECTS NORMS NUTRITION POOR POOR HEALTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INFRASTRUCTURE POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY GAP POVERTY PROGRAMS POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE PROPERTY PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF EDUCATION REMITTANCES ROLE MODELS RUNNING WATER RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL ORGANIZATIONS RURAL ROADS SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL STUDENTS SELF-CONFIDENCE SERVICE PROVIDER SKILLED WORKERS SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL PRESSURE SOCIAL SPENDING SOCIETIES SOCIETY SPILLOVER SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADITIONAL PRACTICES TRADITIONAL VALUES TRANSPORTATION URBAN AREAS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS VULNERABILITY WAGE DISCRIMINATION WAGES WEALTH WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN Patrinos, Harry Anthony Skoufias, Emmanuel Economic Opportunities for Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Conference Edition |
| description |
Indigenous peoples make up less than 5
percent of the world's population, yet comprise 15
percent of the world's poor. The indigenous population
of Latin America is estimated at 28 million. Despite
significant changes in poverty overall, the proportion of
indigenous peoples in the region living in poverty - at
almost 80 percent - did not change much from the early 1990s
to the early 2000s. Economic Opportunities for Indigenous
Peoples in Latin America moves beyond earlier work which
focused primarily on human development, and looks at the
distribution and returns to income generating assets -
physical and human capital, public assets and social capital
- and the affect these have on income generation strategies.
Low income and low assets are mutually reinforcing. Low
education levels translate into low income, resulting in
poor health and reduced schooling of future generations. Low
assets not only reduce the ability to generate income, they
also hinder the capacity to insure against shocks, thus
increasing vulnerability. This is especially true when
coupled with missing credit and insurance markets. There are
significant complementarities across assets, which imply
that the returns to one asset depend on access to another.
These synergies between assets accumulate the disadvantages
of the asset-poor in terms of returns to income-generating
activities. They also dictate policies that facilitate
access not only to one key productive asset, such as land,
but also to complementary assets, such as training and
infrastructure, which affect the returns to land. |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Other Education Study |
| topic_facet |
ACCULTURATION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE ANTI-POVERTY BASIC NEEDS CAPITAL THEORY CAPITALIZATION CITIES COLONIALISM CULTURAL DIFFERENCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION DISEQUILIBRIUM DISSEMINATION DRUGS DUAL ECONOMY EARNING ASSETS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMIC THEORY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ETHNIC RELATIONS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FAMILY INCOME FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESOURCES FARMERS FORMAL EDUCATION FUTURE GENERATIONS FUTURE RESEARCH HEALTH HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH SERVICES HIGHER INCIDENCE OF POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS IDENTITY ILLNESS IMMIGRANTS INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS INEFFICIENCY INEQUALITY INSURANCE MARKETS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL LAW KINSHIP KINSHIP NETWORKS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LACK OF CREDIT LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE LAND ASSETS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND RIGHTS LAND TITLING LANDHOLDINGS LAWS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS MARGINAL VALUE MIGRANT MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MOTHER MULTIPLIER EFFECTS NORMS NUTRITION POOR POOR HEALTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INFRASTRUCTURE POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY GAP POVERTY PROGRAMS POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE PROPERTY PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF EDUCATION REMITTANCES ROLE MODELS RUNNING WATER RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL ORGANIZATIONS RURAL ROADS SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL STUDENTS SELF-CONFIDENCE SERVICE PROVIDER SKILLED WORKERS SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL PRESSURE SOCIAL SPENDING SOCIETIES SOCIETY SPILLOVER SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADITIONAL PRACTICES TRADITIONAL VALUES TRANSPORTATION URBAN AREAS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS VULNERABILITY WAGE DISCRIMINATION WAGES WEALTH WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN |
| author |
Patrinos, Harry Anthony Skoufias, Emmanuel |
| author_facet |
Patrinos, Harry Anthony Skoufias, Emmanuel |
| author_sort |
Patrinos, Harry Anthony |
| title |
Economic Opportunities for Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Conference Edition |
| title_short |
Economic Opportunities for Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Conference Edition |
| title_full |
Economic Opportunities for Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Conference Edition |
| title_fullStr |
Economic Opportunities for Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Conference Edition |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Economic Opportunities for Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Conference Edition |
| title_sort |
economic opportunities for indigenous peoples in latin america : conference edition |
| publisher |
Washington, DC : World Bank |
| publishDate |
2007 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/01/7514413/economic-opportunities-indigenous-peoples-latin-america http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8019 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT patrinosharryanthony economicopportunitiesforindigenouspeoplesinlatinamericaconferenceedition AT skoufiasemmanuel economicopportunitiesforindigenouspeoplesinlatinamericaconferenceedition |
| _version_ |
1756571960064606208 |
| spelling |
dig-okr-1098680192021-04-23T14:02:37Z Economic Opportunities for Indigenous Peoples in Latin America : Conference Edition Patrinos, Harry Anthony Skoufias, Emmanuel ACCULTURATION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AGRICULTURAL WORKERS AGRICULTURE ANTI-POVERTY BASIC NEEDS CAPITAL THEORY CAPITALIZATION CITIES COLONIALISM CULTURAL DIFFERENCES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION DISEQUILIBRIUM DISSEMINATION DRUGS DUAL ECONOMY EARNING ASSETS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ECONOMIC OUTCOMES ECONOMIC STATUS ECONOMIC THEORY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ETHNIC RELATIONS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FAMILY INCOME FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY RESOURCES FARMERS FORMAL EDUCATION FUTURE GENERATIONS FUTURE RESEARCH HEALTH HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH SERVICES HIGHER INCIDENCE OF POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RIGHTS IDENTITY ILLNESS IMMIGRANTS INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDIGENOUS GROUPS INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS INEFFICIENCY INEQUALITY INSURANCE MARKETS INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL LAW KINSHIP KINSHIP NETWORKS LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LACK OF CREDIT LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE LAND ASSETS LAND OWNERSHIP LAND RIGHTS LAND TITLING LANDHOLDINGS LAWS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS MARGINAL VALUE MIGRANT MIGRATION MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MOTHER MULTIPLIER EFFECTS NORMS NUTRITION POOR POOR HEALTH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INFRASTRUCTURE POSITIVE EFFECTS POVERTY GAP POVERTY PROGRAMS POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION PRIVATE PROPERTY PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF EDUCATION REMITTANCES ROLE MODELS RUNNING WATER RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL ORGANIZATIONS RURAL ROADS SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL STUDENTS SELF-CONFIDENCE SERVICE PROVIDER SKILLED WORKERS SMALLHOLDERS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL INTERACTIONS SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL PRESSURE SOCIAL SPENDING SOCIETIES SOCIETY SPILLOVER SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADITIONAL PRACTICES TRADITIONAL VALUES TRANSPORTATION URBAN AREAS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS VULNERABILITY WAGE DISCRIMINATION WAGES WEALTH WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN Indigenous peoples make up less than 5 percent of the world's population, yet comprise 15 percent of the world's poor. The indigenous population of Latin America is estimated at 28 million. Despite significant changes in poverty overall, the proportion of indigenous peoples in the region living in poverty - at almost 80 percent - did not change much from the early 1990s to the early 2000s. Economic Opportunities for Indigenous Peoples in Latin America moves beyond earlier work which focused primarily on human development, and looks at the distribution and returns to income generating assets - physical and human capital, public assets and social capital - and the affect these have on income generation strategies. Low income and low assets are mutually reinforcing. Low education levels translate into low income, resulting in poor health and reduced schooling of future generations. Low assets not only reduce the ability to generate income, they also hinder the capacity to insure against shocks, thus increasing vulnerability. This is especially true when coupled with missing credit and insurance markets. There are significant complementarities across assets, which imply that the returns to one asset depend on access to another. These synergies between assets accumulate the disadvantages of the asset-poor in terms of returns to income-generating activities. They also dictate policies that facilitate access not only to one key productive asset, such as land, but also to complementary assets, such as training and infrastructure, which affect the returns to land. 2012-06-14T15:59:24Z 2012-06-14T15:59:24Z 2007 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/01/7514413/economic-opportunities-indigenous-peoples-latin-america http://hdl.handle.net/10986/8019 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Washington, DC : World Bank Economic & Sector Work :: Other Education Study Economic & Sector Work Latin America & Caribbean |