Turkey : Higher Education Policy Study, Volume 1. Strategic Directions for Higher Education in Turkey

Countries that invest heavily and effectively in education and skills to produce information and knowledge will benefit economically and socially. The European Union (EU) has set the goal to make Europe the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world. Turkey, in its Ninth Development Plan, aims to increase educational attainment and develop a lifelong education strategy to meet the requirements of a changing and developing economy and labor market. To meet the EU goal and the Turkey goal requires education systems that are more flexible, more effective and more easily accessible to a wider range of people. Education and skill levels in Turkey lag behind international standards, including the European Union. As highlighted in figures and discussion in a later section of the paper on access and equity, results of international tests show poor performance for many students in Turkey and participation in secondary education, as well as tertiary education, is low by international standards. Significant disparities also exist in educational quality and access by gender, social and economic group, and geographic location.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2007-06
Subjects:	ACADEMIC CREDITS, ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE, ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, ACADEMIC YEAR, ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION, ACCESS TO TERTIARY EDUCATION, ACCREDITATION, ACHIEVEMENT, ACHIEVEMENTS, BACKGROUND PAPERS, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPENDITURES, FACULTIES, FIELDS OF STUDY, FORMAL EDUCATION, GENDER GAP, GENERIC SKILLS, GIRLS, GRADUATE STUDENTS, GRADUATE UNEMPLOYMENT, GRADUATES WITH SKILLS, GRADUATION RATES, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE, HIGH SCHOOL, HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATES, HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS, HIGHER EDUCATION, HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENT, HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, HIGHER EDUCATION SECTOR, HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM, HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEMS, HIGHER ENROLLMENT, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, IMPACT OF EDUCATION, INSTITUTIONAL AUTONOMY, INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, INSTRUCTION, INTERNATIONAL HIGHER EDUCATION, INTERNSHIPS, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION, KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY, KNOWLEDGE SOCIETIES, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET DEMAND, LABOR MARKET NEEDS, LABOR MARKETS, LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION, LEARNING, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFELONG EDUCATION, LOWER LEVELS OF EDUCATION, MASS HIGHER EDUCATION, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MOBILITY, NATIONAL EDUCATION, NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, NET ENROLLMENT, NET ENROLLMENT RATE, NEW UNIVERSITIES, NONACADEMIC STAFF, NUMBER OF STUDENTS, OCCUPATIONS, OPEN UNIVERSITIES, OPEN UNIVERSITY, PAPERS, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, POLYTECHNICS, POSTGRADUATE EDUCATION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION, PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION, PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS, PRIVATE TUTORING, PROBLEM SOLVING, PROFESSORS, PROFICIENCY, PUBLIC FUNDS, PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES, QUALITY ASSURANCE, QUALITY EDUCATION, QUALITY HIGHER EDUCATION, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION, QUALITY OF TEACHING, QUALITY TEACHING, RATE OF EXPANSION, RATES OF RETURN, REGIONAL TECHNICAL COLLEGES, REMEDIAL EDUCATION, REPEATERS, RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, RESEARCH UNIVERSITIES, RESEARCH UNIVERSITY, RESEARCHERS, RETURNS TO EDUCATION, SCHOLARSHIPS, SCHOOL ACHIEVEMENTS, SCHOOL CURRICULA, SCHOOL EDUCATION, SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, SCHOOL ORGANIZATION, SCHOOL STUDIES, SCHOOL SYSTEM, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS, SKILL LEVELS, SKILLED LABOR, SOCIAL SKILLS, STUDENT AID, STUDENT ASSESSMENT, STUDENT ENROLLMENT, STUDENT FEES, STUDENT LOAN, STUDENT LOAN PROGRAMS, STUDENT LOANS, STUDENT PLACEMENT, STUDENT POPULATION, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNICAL EDUCATION, TECHNICAL FIELDS, TECHNICAL INSTITUTES, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY EDUCATION FINANCING, TERTIARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, TERTIARY EDUCATION SPENDING, TERTIARY ENROLLMENT, TERTIARY ENROLLMENTS, TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS, TERTIARY LEVEL, TRADITIONAL UNIVERSITIES, TUITION, TUITION FEES, TUTORING, UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAMS, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNEQUAL ACCESS, UNIVERSITIES, UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE, UNIVERSITY GRADUATES, UNIVERSITY RESEARCH, UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, VOCATIONAL COLLEGES, VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS, WORKERS, YOUTH POPULATION,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/06/8730072/turkey-higher-education-policy-study https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7628
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