A Land of Milk and Honey with Streets Paved with Gold : Do Emigrants Have Over-Optimistic Expectations about Incomes Abroad?

Millions of people emigrate every year in search of better economic and social opportunities. Anecdotal evidence suggests that emigrants may have over-optimistic expectations about the incomes they can earn abroad, resulting in excessive migration pressure, and in disappointment among those who do migrate. Yet there is almost no statistical evidence on how accurately these emigrants predict the incomes that they will earn working abroad. In this paper the authors combine a natural emigration experiment with unique survey data on would-be emigrants' probabilistic expectations about employment and incomes in the migration destination. Their procedure enables them to obtain moments and quantiles of the subjective distribution of expected earnings in the destination country. The authors find a significant underestimation of both unconditional and conditional labor earnings at all points in the distribution. This underestimation appears driven in part by potential migrants placing too much weight on the negative employment experiences of some migrants, and by inaccurate information flows from extended family, who may be trying to moderate remittance demands by understating incomes.

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: McKenzie, David, Gibson, John, Stillman, Steven
Format: Policy Research Working Paper biblioteca
Language:English
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2007-03
Subjects:CHILD MORTALITY, CITIZEN, DEPENDENT CHILDREN, DESTINATION COUNTRY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DIASPORA, DISTRIBUTION OF WAGES, EARNING, EARNINGS, EARNINGS DISTRIBUTION, EARNINGS OF IMMIGRANTS, ECONOMIC MIGRANTS, EMIGRATION, EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, EXPECTED WAGE, EXTENDED FAMILY, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY REUNIFICATION, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, IMMIGRANT, IMMIGRANTS, IMMIGRATION, IMMIGRATION QUOTA, INCOMES, JOB OFFER, JOB OFFERS, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, JOBS, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET INFORMATION, LABOUR, LABOUR MARKET, LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION, LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE, LOTTERY, LOW EMPLOYMENT, MIGRANT, MIGRANT NETWORKS, MIGRATION, MIGRATION PROCESS, MOTHER, NEW ZEALAND DOLLARS, POLICY CHANGE, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POTENTIAL MIGRANTS, PROGRESS, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS, REMITTANCE, REMITTANCES, RESPECT, SEX, SKILLED MIGRANTS, SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES, SOCIAL PROBLEMS, SPOUSE, TELEVISION, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, WAGE DISTRIBUTION, WAGE GROWTH, WAGES, WEALTH, WORKERS, YOUNG PEOPLE,
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/03/7405775/land-milk-honey-streets-paved-gold-emigrants-over-optimistic-expectations-incomes-abroad
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7161
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
id dig-okr-109867161
record_format koha
spelling dig-okr-1098671612021-04-23T14:02:33Z A Land of Milk and Honey with Streets Paved with Gold : Do Emigrants Have Over-Optimistic Expectations about Incomes Abroad? McKenzie, David Gibson, John Stillman, Steven CHILD MORTALITY CITIZEN DEPENDENT CHILDREN DESTINATION COUNTRY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIASPORA DISTRIBUTION OF WAGES EARNING EARNINGS EARNINGS DISTRIBUTION EARNINGS OF IMMIGRANTS ECONOMIC MIGRANTS EMIGRATION EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EXPECTED WAGE EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY REUNIFICATION HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SURVEY IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION QUOTA INCOMES JOB OFFER JOB OFFERS JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOBS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET INFORMATION LABOUR LABOUR MARKET LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE LOTTERY LOW EMPLOYMENT MIGRANT MIGRANT NETWORKS MIGRATION MIGRATION PROCESS MOTHER NEW ZEALAND DOLLARS POLICY CHANGE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POTENTIAL MIGRANTS PROGRESS PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS REMITTANCE REMITTANCES RESPECT SEX SKILLED MIGRANTS SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES SOCIAL PROBLEMS SPOUSE TELEVISION UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES WAGE DISTRIBUTION WAGE GROWTH WAGES WEALTH WORKERS YOUNG PEOPLE Millions of people emigrate every year in search of better economic and social opportunities. Anecdotal evidence suggests that emigrants may have over-optimistic expectations about the incomes they can earn abroad, resulting in excessive migration pressure, and in disappointment among those who do migrate. Yet there is almost no statistical evidence on how accurately these emigrants predict the incomes that they will earn working abroad. In this paper the authors combine a natural emigration experiment with unique survey data on would-be emigrants' probabilistic expectations about employment and incomes in the migration destination. Their procedure enables them to obtain moments and quantiles of the subjective distribution of expected earnings in the destination country. The authors find a significant underestimation of both unconditional and conditional labor earnings at all points in the distribution. This underestimation appears driven in part by potential migrants placing too much weight on the negative employment experiences of some migrants, and by inaccurate information flows from extended family, who may be trying to moderate remittance demands by understating incomes. 2012-06-05T18:56:57Z 2012-06-05T18:56:57Z 2007-03 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/03/7405775/land-milk-honey-streets-paved-gold-emigrants-over-optimistic-expectations-incomes-abroad http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7161 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4141 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research
institution Banco Mundial
collection DSpace
country Estados Unidos
countrycode US
component Bibliográfico
access En linea
databasecode dig-okr
tag biblioteca
region America del Norte
libraryname Biblioteca del Banco Mundial
language English
topic CHILD MORTALITY
CITIZEN
DEPENDENT CHILDREN
DESTINATION COUNTRY
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DIASPORA
DISTRIBUTION OF WAGES
EARNING
EARNINGS
EARNINGS DISTRIBUTION
EARNINGS OF IMMIGRANTS
ECONOMIC MIGRANTS
EMIGRATION
EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
EXPECTED WAGE
EXTENDED FAMILY
FAMILY MEMBERS
FAMILY REUNIFICATION
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
IMMIGRANT
IMMIGRANTS
IMMIGRATION
IMMIGRATION QUOTA
INCOMES
JOB OFFER
JOB OFFERS
JOB OPPORTUNITIES
JOBS
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKET INFORMATION
LABOUR
LABOUR MARKET
LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION
LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE
LOTTERY
LOW EMPLOYMENT
MIGRANT
MIGRANT NETWORKS
MIGRATION
MIGRATION PROCESS
MOTHER
NEW ZEALAND DOLLARS
POLICY CHANGE
POLICY RESEARCH
POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
POTENTIAL MIGRANTS
PROGRESS
PUBLIC POLICY
PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS
REMITTANCE
REMITTANCES
RESPECT
SEX
SKILLED MIGRANTS
SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES
SOCIAL PROBLEMS
SPOUSE
TELEVISION
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
WAGE DISTRIBUTION
WAGE GROWTH
WAGES
WEALTH
WORKERS
YOUNG PEOPLE
CHILD MORTALITY
CITIZEN
DEPENDENT CHILDREN
DESTINATION COUNTRY
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DIASPORA
DISTRIBUTION OF WAGES
EARNING
EARNINGS
EARNINGS DISTRIBUTION
EARNINGS OF IMMIGRANTS
ECONOMIC MIGRANTS
EMIGRATION
EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
EXPECTED WAGE
EXTENDED FAMILY
FAMILY MEMBERS
FAMILY REUNIFICATION
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
IMMIGRANT
IMMIGRANTS
IMMIGRATION
IMMIGRATION QUOTA
INCOMES
JOB OFFER
JOB OFFERS
JOB OPPORTUNITIES
JOBS
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKET INFORMATION
LABOUR
LABOUR MARKET
LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION
LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE
LOTTERY
LOW EMPLOYMENT
MIGRANT
MIGRANT NETWORKS
MIGRATION
MIGRATION PROCESS
MOTHER
NEW ZEALAND DOLLARS
POLICY CHANGE
POLICY RESEARCH
POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
POTENTIAL MIGRANTS
PROGRESS
PUBLIC POLICY
PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS
REMITTANCE
REMITTANCES
RESPECT
SEX
SKILLED MIGRANTS
SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES
SOCIAL PROBLEMS
SPOUSE
TELEVISION
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
WAGE DISTRIBUTION
WAGE GROWTH
WAGES
WEALTH
WORKERS
YOUNG PEOPLE
spellingShingle CHILD MORTALITY
CITIZEN
DEPENDENT CHILDREN
DESTINATION COUNTRY
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DIASPORA
DISTRIBUTION OF WAGES
EARNING
EARNINGS
EARNINGS DISTRIBUTION
EARNINGS OF IMMIGRANTS
ECONOMIC MIGRANTS
EMIGRATION
EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
EXPECTED WAGE
EXTENDED FAMILY
FAMILY MEMBERS
FAMILY REUNIFICATION
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
IMMIGRANT
IMMIGRANTS
IMMIGRATION
IMMIGRATION QUOTA
INCOMES
JOB OFFER
JOB OFFERS
JOB OPPORTUNITIES
JOBS
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKET INFORMATION
LABOUR
LABOUR MARKET
LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION
LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE
LOTTERY
LOW EMPLOYMENT
MIGRANT
MIGRANT NETWORKS
MIGRATION
MIGRATION PROCESS
MOTHER
NEW ZEALAND DOLLARS
POLICY CHANGE
POLICY RESEARCH
POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
POTENTIAL MIGRANTS
PROGRESS
PUBLIC POLICY
PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS
REMITTANCE
REMITTANCES
RESPECT
SEX
SKILLED MIGRANTS
SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES
SOCIAL PROBLEMS
SPOUSE
TELEVISION
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
WAGE DISTRIBUTION
WAGE GROWTH
WAGES
WEALTH
WORKERS
YOUNG PEOPLE
CHILD MORTALITY
CITIZEN
DEPENDENT CHILDREN
DESTINATION COUNTRY
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DIASPORA
DISTRIBUTION OF WAGES
EARNING
EARNINGS
EARNINGS DISTRIBUTION
EARNINGS OF IMMIGRANTS
ECONOMIC MIGRANTS
EMIGRATION
EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
EXPECTED WAGE
EXTENDED FAMILY
FAMILY MEMBERS
FAMILY REUNIFICATION
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
IMMIGRANT
IMMIGRANTS
IMMIGRATION
IMMIGRATION QUOTA
INCOMES
JOB OFFER
JOB OFFERS
JOB OPPORTUNITIES
JOBS
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKET INFORMATION
LABOUR
LABOUR MARKET
LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION
LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE
LOTTERY
LOW EMPLOYMENT
MIGRANT
MIGRANT NETWORKS
MIGRATION
MIGRATION PROCESS
MOTHER
NEW ZEALAND DOLLARS
POLICY CHANGE
POLICY RESEARCH
POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
POTENTIAL MIGRANTS
PROGRESS
PUBLIC POLICY
PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS
REMITTANCE
REMITTANCES
RESPECT
SEX
SKILLED MIGRANTS
SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES
SOCIAL PROBLEMS
SPOUSE
TELEVISION
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
WAGE DISTRIBUTION
WAGE GROWTH
WAGES
WEALTH
WORKERS
YOUNG PEOPLE
McKenzie, David
Gibson, John
Stillman, Steven
A Land of Milk and Honey with Streets Paved with Gold : Do Emigrants Have Over-Optimistic Expectations about Incomes Abroad?
description Millions of people emigrate every year in search of better economic and social opportunities. Anecdotal evidence suggests that emigrants may have over-optimistic expectations about the incomes they can earn abroad, resulting in excessive migration pressure, and in disappointment among those who do migrate. Yet there is almost no statistical evidence on how accurately these emigrants predict the incomes that they will earn working abroad. In this paper the authors combine a natural emigration experiment with unique survey data on would-be emigrants' probabilistic expectations about employment and incomes in the migration destination. Their procedure enables them to obtain moments and quantiles of the subjective distribution of expected earnings in the destination country. The authors find a significant underestimation of both unconditional and conditional labor earnings at all points in the distribution. This underestimation appears driven in part by potential migrants placing too much weight on the negative employment experiences of some migrants, and by inaccurate information flows from extended family, who may be trying to moderate remittance demands by understating incomes.
format Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
topic_facet CHILD MORTALITY
CITIZEN
DEPENDENT CHILDREN
DESTINATION COUNTRY
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DIASPORA
DISTRIBUTION OF WAGES
EARNING
EARNINGS
EARNINGS DISTRIBUTION
EARNINGS OF IMMIGRANTS
ECONOMIC MIGRANTS
EMIGRATION
EMPLOYMENT PROBABILITIES
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
EXPECTED WAGE
EXTENDED FAMILY
FAMILY MEMBERS
FAMILY REUNIFICATION
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLD SURVEY
IMMIGRANT
IMMIGRANTS
IMMIGRATION
IMMIGRATION QUOTA
INCOMES
JOB OFFER
JOB OFFERS
JOB OPPORTUNITIES
JOBS
LABOR MARKET
LABOR MARKET INFORMATION
LABOUR
LABOUR MARKET
LABOUR MARKET INFORMATION
LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE
LOTTERY
LOW EMPLOYMENT
MIGRANT
MIGRANT NETWORKS
MIGRATION
MIGRATION PROCESS
MOTHER
NEW ZEALAND DOLLARS
POLICY CHANGE
POLICY RESEARCH
POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
POTENTIAL MIGRANTS
PROGRESS
PUBLIC POLICY
PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS
REMITTANCE
REMITTANCES
RESPECT
SEX
SKILLED MIGRANTS
SOCIAL OPPORTUNITIES
SOCIAL PROBLEMS
SPOUSE
TELEVISION
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
WAGE DISTRIBUTION
WAGE GROWTH
WAGES
WEALTH
WORKERS
YOUNG PEOPLE
author McKenzie, David
Gibson, John
Stillman, Steven
author_facet McKenzie, David
Gibson, John
Stillman, Steven
author_sort McKenzie, David
title A Land of Milk and Honey with Streets Paved with Gold : Do Emigrants Have Over-Optimistic Expectations about Incomes Abroad?
title_short A Land of Milk and Honey with Streets Paved with Gold : Do Emigrants Have Over-Optimistic Expectations about Incomes Abroad?
title_full A Land of Milk and Honey with Streets Paved with Gold : Do Emigrants Have Over-Optimistic Expectations about Incomes Abroad?
title_fullStr A Land of Milk and Honey with Streets Paved with Gold : Do Emigrants Have Over-Optimistic Expectations about Incomes Abroad?
title_full_unstemmed A Land of Milk and Honey with Streets Paved with Gold : Do Emigrants Have Over-Optimistic Expectations about Incomes Abroad?
title_sort land of milk and honey with streets paved with gold : do emigrants have over-optimistic expectations about incomes abroad?
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2007-03
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/03/7405775/land-milk-honey-streets-paved-gold-emigrants-over-optimistic-expectations-incomes-abroad
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/7161
work_keys_str_mv AT mckenziedavid alandofmilkandhoneywithstreetspavedwithgolddoemigrantshaveoveroptimisticexpectationsaboutincomesabroad
AT gibsonjohn alandofmilkandhoneywithstreetspavedwithgolddoemigrantshaveoveroptimisticexpectationsaboutincomesabroad
AT stillmansteven alandofmilkandhoneywithstreetspavedwithgolddoemigrantshaveoveroptimisticexpectationsaboutincomesabroad
AT mckenziedavid landofmilkandhoneywithstreetspavedwithgolddoemigrantshaveoveroptimisticexpectationsaboutincomesabroad
AT gibsonjohn landofmilkandhoneywithstreetspavedwithgolddoemigrantshaveoveroptimisticexpectationsaboutincomesabroad
AT stillmansteven landofmilkandhoneywithstreetspavedwithgolddoemigrantshaveoveroptimisticexpectationsaboutincomesabroad
_version_ 1756571862083567616