Rules of Origin in Services : A Case Study of Five ASEAN Countries
An important question in the design of bilateral and regional free trade agreements (FTAs) covering services is to what extent nonmembers benefit from the trade preferences that are negotiated among members. This question is resolved through services rules of origin. The restrictiveness of rules of origin determines the degree of preferences entailed in market opening commitments, shaping the bargaining incentives of FTAs and their eventual economic effects. Even though the number of FTAs in services has increased rapidly in recent years, hardly any research is available that can guide policymakers on the economic implications of different rules of origin. After outlining the key economic tradeoffs and options for rules of origin in services, the paper summarizes the main findings of a research project that has assessed the rules of origin question for five countries in the ASEAN region. For selected service subsectors and a number of criteria for rules or origin, simulation exercises evaluated which service providers would or would not be eligible for preferences negotiated under a FTA. Among other findings, the simulation results point to the binding nature of a domestic ownership or control requirement and, for the specific case of financial services, a requirement of incorporation.
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dig-okr-109867141 |
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koha |
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Banco Mundial |
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Estados Unidos |
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US |
| component |
Bibliográfico |
| access |
En linea |
| databasecode |
dig-okr |
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biblioteca |
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America del Norte |
| libraryname |
Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ABSENCE OF PROOF AGREEMENT ON TRADE AIR TRANSPORT BANKING SERVICES BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS BORDER TRADE BUSINESS SERVICES CAPITAL INVESTMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVICES COMMERCIAL PRESENCE CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION ABROAD CRIMINAL PENALTIES CROSS BORDER TRADE CROSS-BORDER PROVISION CROSS-BORDER TRADE CUSTOMS CUSTOMS UNION DISTRIBUTION SERVICES DOMESTIC LAWS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIES OF SCALE EQUITY INTEREST EXPORTERS EXPORTING COUNTRY EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFFS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIRST-MOVER ADVANTAGE FOREIGN BANKS FOREIGN COMPANIES FOREIGN EQUITY FOREIGN EQUITY OWNERSHIP FOREIGN EQUITY PARTICIPATION FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN SERVICE SUPPLIERS FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREE TRADE AREA GATS GDP GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES GLOBAL COMPETITION GLOBAL LEVEL HEALTH SERVICES IMPORTED GOODS IMPORTS IMPROVED MARKET ACCESS INCOME TAXES INSURANCE SERVICES INVESTMENT LIBERALIZATION INVESTMENT POLICY JOINT VENTURE KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS LEGAL ENTITIES LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZING TRADE MARITIME SHIPPING MARKET ACCESS MFN MOST FAVORED NATION MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS NATIONAL SUPPLIERS NATIONAL TREATMENT NATURAL PERSONS NEGATIVE WELFARE OPEN ECONOMIES OPENNESS OUTSOURCING PARENT FIRM POLICY RESEARCH PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT REGIONAL GROUPINGS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL TRADE RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN RULES OF ORIGIN SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SECTOR SERVICE SECTORS SERVICE SUPPLIER SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES AGREEMENTS SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES TRADE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES SUNK COSTS TARIFF RATES TAX RATES TAX REVENUES TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES TOURISM TRADE AGENDA TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AND INVESTMENT POLICY TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DIVERSION TRADE DIVERSION EFFECT TRADE FORUM TRADE IN GOODS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE PREFERENCES TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES VALUE ADDED WELFARE GAINS WORLD TRADE WTO ABSENCE OF PROOF AGREEMENT ON TRADE AIR TRANSPORT BANKING SERVICES BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS BORDER TRADE BUSINESS SERVICES CAPITAL INVESTMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVICES COMMERCIAL PRESENCE CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION ABROAD CRIMINAL PENALTIES CROSS BORDER TRADE CROSS-BORDER PROVISION CROSS-BORDER TRADE CUSTOMS CUSTOMS UNION DISTRIBUTION SERVICES DOMESTIC LAWS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIES OF SCALE EQUITY INTEREST EXPORTERS EXPORTING COUNTRY EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFFS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIRST-MOVER ADVANTAGE FOREIGN BANKS FOREIGN COMPANIES FOREIGN EQUITY FOREIGN EQUITY OWNERSHIP FOREIGN EQUITY PARTICIPATION FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN SERVICE SUPPLIERS FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREE TRADE AREA GATS GDP GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES GLOBAL COMPETITION GLOBAL LEVEL HEALTH SERVICES IMPORTED GOODS IMPORTS IMPROVED MARKET ACCESS INCOME TAXES INSURANCE SERVICES INVESTMENT LIBERALIZATION INVESTMENT POLICY JOINT VENTURE KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS LEGAL ENTITIES LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZING TRADE MARITIME SHIPPING MARKET ACCESS MFN MOST FAVORED NATION MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS NATIONAL SUPPLIERS NATIONAL TREATMENT NATURAL PERSONS NEGATIVE WELFARE OPEN ECONOMIES OPENNESS OUTSOURCING PARENT FIRM POLICY RESEARCH PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT REGIONAL GROUPINGS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL TRADE RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN RULES OF ORIGIN SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SECTOR SERVICE SECTORS SERVICE SUPPLIER SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES AGREEMENTS SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES TRADE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES SUNK COSTS TARIFF RATES TAX RATES TAX REVENUES TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES TOURISM TRADE AGENDA TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AND INVESTMENT POLICY TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DIVERSION TRADE DIVERSION EFFECT TRADE FORUM TRADE IN GOODS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE PREFERENCES TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES VALUE ADDED WELFARE GAINS WORLD TRADE WTO |
| spellingShingle |
ABSENCE OF PROOF AGREEMENT ON TRADE AIR TRANSPORT BANKING SERVICES BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS BORDER TRADE BUSINESS SERVICES CAPITAL INVESTMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVICES COMMERCIAL PRESENCE CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION ABROAD CRIMINAL PENALTIES CROSS BORDER TRADE CROSS-BORDER PROVISION CROSS-BORDER TRADE CUSTOMS CUSTOMS UNION DISTRIBUTION SERVICES DOMESTIC LAWS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIES OF SCALE EQUITY INTEREST EXPORTERS EXPORTING COUNTRY EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFFS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIRST-MOVER ADVANTAGE FOREIGN BANKS FOREIGN COMPANIES FOREIGN EQUITY FOREIGN EQUITY OWNERSHIP FOREIGN EQUITY PARTICIPATION FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN SERVICE SUPPLIERS FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREE TRADE AREA GATS GDP GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES GLOBAL COMPETITION GLOBAL LEVEL HEALTH SERVICES IMPORTED GOODS IMPORTS IMPROVED MARKET ACCESS INCOME TAXES INSURANCE SERVICES INVESTMENT LIBERALIZATION INVESTMENT POLICY JOINT VENTURE KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS LEGAL ENTITIES LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZING TRADE MARITIME SHIPPING MARKET ACCESS MFN MOST FAVORED NATION MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS NATIONAL SUPPLIERS NATIONAL TREATMENT NATURAL PERSONS NEGATIVE WELFARE OPEN ECONOMIES OPENNESS OUTSOURCING PARENT FIRM POLICY RESEARCH PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT REGIONAL GROUPINGS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL TRADE RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN RULES OF ORIGIN SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SECTOR SERVICE SECTORS SERVICE SUPPLIER SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES AGREEMENTS SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES TRADE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES SUNK COSTS TARIFF RATES TAX RATES TAX REVENUES TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES TOURISM TRADE AGENDA TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AND INVESTMENT POLICY TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DIVERSION TRADE DIVERSION EFFECT TRADE FORUM TRADE IN GOODS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE PREFERENCES TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES VALUE ADDED WELFARE GAINS WORLD TRADE WTO ABSENCE OF PROOF AGREEMENT ON TRADE AIR TRANSPORT BANKING SERVICES BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS BORDER TRADE BUSINESS SERVICES CAPITAL INVESTMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVICES COMMERCIAL PRESENCE CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION ABROAD CRIMINAL PENALTIES CROSS BORDER TRADE CROSS-BORDER PROVISION CROSS-BORDER TRADE CUSTOMS CUSTOMS UNION DISTRIBUTION SERVICES DOMESTIC LAWS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIES OF SCALE EQUITY INTEREST EXPORTERS EXPORTING COUNTRY EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFFS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIRST-MOVER ADVANTAGE FOREIGN BANKS FOREIGN COMPANIES FOREIGN EQUITY FOREIGN EQUITY OWNERSHIP FOREIGN EQUITY PARTICIPATION FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN SERVICE SUPPLIERS FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREE TRADE AREA GATS GDP GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES GLOBAL COMPETITION GLOBAL LEVEL HEALTH SERVICES IMPORTED GOODS IMPORTS IMPROVED MARKET ACCESS INCOME TAXES INSURANCE SERVICES INVESTMENT LIBERALIZATION INVESTMENT POLICY JOINT VENTURE KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS LEGAL ENTITIES LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZING TRADE MARITIME SHIPPING MARKET ACCESS MFN MOST FAVORED NATION MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS NATIONAL SUPPLIERS NATIONAL TREATMENT NATURAL PERSONS NEGATIVE WELFARE OPEN ECONOMIES OPENNESS OUTSOURCING PARENT FIRM POLICY RESEARCH PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT REGIONAL GROUPINGS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL TRADE RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN RULES OF ORIGIN SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SECTOR SERVICE SECTORS SERVICE SUPPLIER SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES AGREEMENTS SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES TRADE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES SUNK COSTS TARIFF RATES TAX RATES TAX REVENUES TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES TOURISM TRADE AGENDA TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AND INVESTMENT POLICY TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DIVERSION TRADE DIVERSION EFFECT TRADE FORUM TRADE IN GOODS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE PREFERENCES TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES VALUE ADDED WELFARE GAINS WORLD TRADE WTO Fink, Carsten Nikomborirak, Deunden Rules of Origin in Services : A Case Study of Five ASEAN Countries |
| description |
An important question in the design of
bilateral and regional free trade agreements (FTAs) covering
services is to what extent nonmembers benefit from the trade
preferences that are negotiated among members. This question
is resolved through services rules of origin. The
restrictiveness of rules of origin determines the degree of
preferences entailed in market opening commitments, shaping
the bargaining incentives of FTAs and their eventual
economic effects. Even though the number of FTAs in services
has increased rapidly in recent years, hardly any research
is available that can guide policymakers on the economic
implications of different rules of origin. After outlining
the key economic tradeoffs and options for rules of origin
in services, the paper summarizes the main findings of a
research project that has assessed the rules of origin
question for five countries in the ASEAN region. For
selected service subsectors and a number of criteria for
rules or origin, simulation exercises evaluated which
service providers would or would not be eligible for
preferences negotiated under a FTA. Among other findings,
the simulation results point to the binding nature of a
domestic ownership or control requirement and, for the
specific case of financial services, a requirement of incorporation. |
| topic_facet |
ABSENCE OF PROOF AGREEMENT ON TRADE AIR TRANSPORT BANKING SERVICES BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS BORDER TRADE BUSINESS SERVICES CAPITAL INVESTMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVICES COMMERCIAL PRESENCE CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION ABROAD CRIMINAL PENALTIES CROSS BORDER TRADE CROSS-BORDER PROVISION CROSS-BORDER TRADE CUSTOMS CUSTOMS UNION DISTRIBUTION SERVICES DOMESTIC LAWS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIES OF SCALE EQUITY INTEREST EXPORTERS EXPORTING COUNTRY EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFFS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIRST-MOVER ADVANTAGE FOREIGN BANKS FOREIGN COMPANIES FOREIGN EQUITY FOREIGN EQUITY OWNERSHIP FOREIGN EQUITY PARTICIPATION FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN SERVICE SUPPLIERS FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREE TRADE AREA GATS GDP GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES GLOBAL COMPETITION GLOBAL LEVEL HEALTH SERVICES IMPORTED GOODS IMPORTS IMPROVED MARKET ACCESS INCOME TAXES INSURANCE SERVICES INVESTMENT LIBERALIZATION INVESTMENT POLICY JOINT VENTURE KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS LEGAL ENTITIES LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZING TRADE MARITIME SHIPPING MARKET ACCESS MFN MOST FAVORED NATION MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS NATIONAL SUPPLIERS NATIONAL TREATMENT NATURAL PERSONS NEGATIVE WELFARE OPEN ECONOMIES OPENNESS OUTSOURCING PARENT FIRM POLICY RESEARCH PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT REGIONAL GROUPINGS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL TRADE RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN RULES OF ORIGIN SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SECTOR SERVICE SECTORS SERVICE SUPPLIER SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES AGREEMENTS SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES TRADE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES SUNK COSTS TARIFF RATES TAX RATES TAX REVENUES TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES TOURISM TRADE AGENDA TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AND INVESTMENT POLICY TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DIVERSION TRADE DIVERSION EFFECT TRADE FORUM TRADE IN GOODS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE PREFERENCES TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES VALUE ADDED WELFARE GAINS WORLD TRADE WTO |
| author |
Fink, Carsten Nikomborirak, Deunden |
| author_facet |
Fink, Carsten Nikomborirak, Deunden |
| author_sort |
Fink, Carsten |
| title |
Rules of Origin in Services : A Case Study of Five ASEAN Countries |
| title_short |
Rules of Origin in Services : A Case Study of Five ASEAN Countries |
| title_full |
Rules of Origin in Services : A Case Study of Five ASEAN Countries |
| title_fullStr |
Rules of Origin in Services : A Case Study of Five ASEAN Countries |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Rules of Origin in Services : A Case Study of Five ASEAN Countries |
| title_sort |
rules of origin in services : a case study of five asean countries |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2007-02 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/02/7362293/rules-origin-services-case-study-five-asean-countries https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7141 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT finkcarsten rulesoforigininservicesacasestudyoffiveaseancountries AT nikomborirakdeunden rulesoforigininservicesacasestudyoffiveaseancountries |
| _version_ |
1809105808447766528 |
| spelling |
dig-okr-1098671412024-08-08T17:03:00Z Rules of Origin in Services : A Case Study of Five ASEAN Countries Fink, Carsten Nikomborirak, Deunden ABSENCE OF PROOF AGREEMENT ON TRADE AIR TRANSPORT BANKING SERVICES BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENT BILATERAL FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENTS BORDER TRADE BUSINESS SERVICES CAPITAL INVESTMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF SERVICES COMMERCIAL PRESENCE CONSUMERS CONSUMPTION ABROAD CRIMINAL PENALTIES CROSS BORDER TRADE CROSS-BORDER PROVISION CROSS-BORDER TRADE CUSTOMS CUSTOMS UNION DISTRIBUTION SERVICES DOMESTIC LAWS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIES OF SCALE EQUITY INTEREST EXPORTERS EXPORTING COUNTRY EXPORTS EXTERNAL TARIFFS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIRST-MOVER ADVANTAGE FOREIGN BANKS FOREIGN COMPANIES FOREIGN EQUITY FOREIGN EQUITY OWNERSHIP FOREIGN EQUITY PARTICIPATION FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN SERVICE SUPPLIERS FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREE TRADE AREA GATS GDP GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE IN SERVICES GLOBAL COMPETITION GLOBAL LEVEL HEALTH SERVICES IMPORTED GOODS IMPORTS IMPROVED MARKET ACCESS INCOME TAXES INSURANCE SERVICES INVESTMENT LIBERALIZATION INVESTMENT POLICY JOINT VENTURE KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS LEGAL ENTITIES LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZING TRADE MARITIME SHIPPING MARKET ACCESS MFN MOST FAVORED NATION MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS NATIONAL SUPPLIERS NATIONAL TREATMENT NATURAL PERSONS NEGATIVE WELFARE OPEN ECONOMIES OPENNESS OUTSOURCING PARENT FIRM POLICY RESEARCH PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TARIFF TREATMENT PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT REGIONAL GROUPINGS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL TRADE RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN RULES OF ORIGIN SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SECTOR SERVICE SECTORS SERVICE SUPPLIER SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES AGREEMENTS SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES TRADE SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES SUNK COSTS TARIFF RATES TAX RATES TAX REVENUES TELECOMMUNICATIONS TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES TOURISM TRADE AGENDA TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AND INVESTMENT POLICY TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DIVERSION TRADE DIVERSION EFFECT TRADE FORUM TRADE IN GOODS TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE PREFERENCES TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES VALUE ADDED WELFARE GAINS WORLD TRADE WTO An important question in the design of bilateral and regional free trade agreements (FTAs) covering services is to what extent nonmembers benefit from the trade preferences that are negotiated among members. This question is resolved through services rules of origin. The restrictiveness of rules of origin determines the degree of preferences entailed in market opening commitments, shaping the bargaining incentives of FTAs and their eventual economic effects. Even though the number of FTAs in services has increased rapidly in recent years, hardly any research is available that can guide policymakers on the economic implications of different rules of origin. After outlining the key economic tradeoffs and options for rules of origin in services, the paper summarizes the main findings of a research project that has assessed the rules of origin question for five countries in the ASEAN region. For selected service subsectors and a number of criteria for rules or origin, simulation exercises evaluated which service providers would or would not be eligible for preferences negotiated under a FTA. Among other findings, the simulation results point to the binding nature of a domestic ownership or control requirement and, for the specific case of financial services, a requirement of incorporation. 2012-06-05T18:05:43Z 2012-06-05T18:05:43Z 2007-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/02/7362293/rules-origin-services-case-study-five-asean-countries https://hdl.handle.net/10986/7141 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4130 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC |