Intrahousehold Inequality and Child Gender Bias in Ethiopia
The Rothbarth model of intrahousehold resource allocation has consistently failed to detect child gender bias in many applications over the past two decades. This paper challenges the current consensus that the Rothbarth method is not effective in revealing child gender bias from consumption behavior of adults. It proposes an approach to the Rothbarth model that restricts its application to samples of nuclear households, and employs an index of child gender based on the number of children in the household and related to a specific selective mechanism of discrimination. It demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach with an application to a 2005-06 Ethiopian consumption survey of 21,299 households conducted by Ethiopia's Statistical Authority, covering both urban and rural areas. The paper presents the first clear and extensive evidence of discrimination against girls by all four adult goods employed, and the outcome persists, in various degrees, when reexamined with a lower definition of child age, and with female-headed households. The findings provide support for gender-based policies in child-health and education in Ethiopia.
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dig-okr-1098669122024-08-08T16:34:35Z Intrahousehold Inequality and Child Gender Bias in Ethiopia Koohi-Kamali, Feridoon ABSENCE OF WOMEN AGE GROUPS ATTENTION BIOLOGICAL CHILDREN BIRTHS BULLETIN CHILD LABOR CHILD WELFARE DEMAND FOR FOOD DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION EARLY MARRIAGE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT EFFECTS OF GENDER ELDERLY EMPOWERMENT ENHANCEMENT OF WOMEN EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY COMPOSITION FEMALE FEMALE CHILDREN FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FERTILITY FERTILITY BEHAVIOR GENDER GENDER ACTION GENDER BIAS GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITY GIRLS HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INEQUALITY INSURANCE KIDS MORTALITY MORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS MOTHER MOTIVATION NUCLEAR FAMILIES NUCLEAR FAMILY NUMBER OF ADULTS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF GIRLS ORPHAN CHILDREN ORPHANS PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS PROPORTION OF GIRLS PUBLIC POLICY RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RURAL AREAS SAFETY NET SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS SEX SEX BIAS SEX PREFERENCES SEX RATIO SON PREFERENCE SPOUSE UNEMPLOYMENT WAR WILL The Rothbarth model of intrahousehold resource allocation has consistently failed to detect child gender bias in many applications over the past two decades. This paper challenges the current consensus that the Rothbarth method is not effective in revealing child gender bias from consumption behavior of adults. It proposes an approach to the Rothbarth model that restricts its application to samples of nuclear households, and employs an index of child gender based on the number of children in the household and related to a specific selective mechanism of discrimination. It demonstrates the effectiveness of this approach with an application to a 2005-06 Ethiopian consumption survey of 21,299 households conducted by Ethiopia's Statistical Authority, covering both urban and rural areas. The paper presents the first clear and extensive evidence of discrimination against girls by all four adult goods employed, and the outcome persists, in various degrees, when reexamined with a lower definition of child age, and with female-headed households. The findings provide support for gender-based policies in child-health and education in Ethiopia. 2012-06-01T19:11:32Z 2012-06-01T19:11:32Z 2008-10 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/10/9954700/intrahousehold-inequality-child-gender-bias-ethiopia https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6912 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4755 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC |
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Banco Mundial |
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Bibliográfico |
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English |
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ABSENCE OF WOMEN AGE GROUPS ATTENTION BIOLOGICAL CHILDREN BIRTHS BULLETIN CHILD LABOR CHILD WELFARE DEMAND FOR FOOD DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION EARLY MARRIAGE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT EFFECTS OF GENDER ELDERLY EMPOWERMENT ENHANCEMENT OF WOMEN EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY COMPOSITION FEMALE FEMALE CHILDREN FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FERTILITY FERTILITY BEHAVIOR GENDER GENDER ACTION GENDER BIAS GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITY GIRLS HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INEQUALITY INSURANCE KIDS MORTALITY MORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS MOTHER MOTIVATION NUCLEAR FAMILIES NUCLEAR FAMILY NUMBER OF ADULTS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF GIRLS ORPHAN CHILDREN ORPHANS PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS PROPORTION OF GIRLS PUBLIC POLICY RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RURAL AREAS SAFETY NET SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS SEX SEX BIAS SEX PREFERENCES SEX RATIO SON PREFERENCE SPOUSE UNEMPLOYMENT WAR WILL ABSENCE OF WOMEN AGE GROUPS ATTENTION BIOLOGICAL CHILDREN BIRTHS BULLETIN CHILD LABOR CHILD WELFARE DEMAND FOR FOOD DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION EARLY MARRIAGE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT EFFECTS OF GENDER ELDERLY EMPOWERMENT ENHANCEMENT OF WOMEN EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY COMPOSITION FEMALE FEMALE CHILDREN FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FERTILITY FERTILITY BEHAVIOR GENDER GENDER ACTION GENDER BIAS GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITY GIRLS HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INEQUALITY INSURANCE KIDS MORTALITY MORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS MOTHER MOTIVATION NUCLEAR FAMILIES NUCLEAR FAMILY NUMBER OF ADULTS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF GIRLS ORPHAN CHILDREN ORPHANS PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS PROPORTION OF GIRLS PUBLIC POLICY RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RURAL AREAS SAFETY NET SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS SEX SEX BIAS SEX PREFERENCES SEX RATIO SON PREFERENCE SPOUSE UNEMPLOYMENT WAR WILL |
| spellingShingle |
ABSENCE OF WOMEN AGE GROUPS ATTENTION BIOLOGICAL CHILDREN BIRTHS BULLETIN CHILD LABOR CHILD WELFARE DEMAND FOR FOOD DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION EARLY MARRIAGE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT EFFECTS OF GENDER ELDERLY EMPOWERMENT ENHANCEMENT OF WOMEN EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY COMPOSITION FEMALE FEMALE CHILDREN FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FERTILITY FERTILITY BEHAVIOR GENDER GENDER ACTION GENDER BIAS GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITY GIRLS HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INEQUALITY INSURANCE KIDS MORTALITY MORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS MOTHER MOTIVATION NUCLEAR FAMILIES NUCLEAR FAMILY NUMBER OF ADULTS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF GIRLS ORPHAN CHILDREN ORPHANS PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS PROPORTION OF GIRLS PUBLIC POLICY RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RURAL AREAS SAFETY NET SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS SEX SEX BIAS SEX PREFERENCES SEX RATIO SON PREFERENCE SPOUSE UNEMPLOYMENT WAR WILL ABSENCE OF WOMEN AGE GROUPS ATTENTION BIOLOGICAL CHILDREN BIRTHS BULLETIN CHILD LABOR CHILD WELFARE DEMAND FOR FOOD DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION EARLY MARRIAGE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT EFFECTS OF GENDER ELDERLY EMPOWERMENT ENHANCEMENT OF WOMEN EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY COMPOSITION FEMALE FEMALE CHILDREN FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FERTILITY FERTILITY BEHAVIOR GENDER GENDER ACTION GENDER BIAS GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITY GIRLS HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INEQUALITY INSURANCE KIDS MORTALITY MORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS MOTHER MOTIVATION NUCLEAR FAMILIES NUCLEAR FAMILY NUMBER OF ADULTS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF GIRLS ORPHAN CHILDREN ORPHANS PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS PROPORTION OF GIRLS PUBLIC POLICY RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RURAL AREAS SAFETY NET SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS SEX SEX BIAS SEX PREFERENCES SEX RATIO SON PREFERENCE SPOUSE UNEMPLOYMENT WAR WILL Koohi-Kamali, Feridoon Intrahousehold Inequality and Child Gender Bias in Ethiopia |
| description |
The Rothbarth model of intrahousehold
resource allocation has consistently failed to detect child
gender bias in many applications over the past two decades.
This paper challenges the current consensus that the
Rothbarth method is not effective in revealing child gender
bias from consumption behavior of adults. It proposes an
approach to the Rothbarth model that restricts its
application to samples of nuclear households, and employs an
index of child gender based on the number of children in the
household and related to a specific selective mechanism of
discrimination. It demonstrates the effectiveness of this
approach with an application to a 2005-06 Ethiopian
consumption survey of 21,299 households conducted by
Ethiopia's Statistical Authority, covering both urban
and rural areas. The paper presents the first clear and
extensive evidence of discrimination against girls by all
four adult goods employed, and the outcome persists, in
various degrees, when reexamined with a lower definition of
child age, and with female-headed households. The findings
provide support for gender-based policies in child-health
and education in Ethiopia. |
| topic_facet |
ABSENCE OF WOMEN AGE GROUPS ATTENTION BIOLOGICAL CHILDREN BIRTHS BULLETIN CHILD LABOR CHILD WELFARE DEMAND FOR FOOD DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION EARLY MARRIAGE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT EFFECTS OF GENDER ELDERLY EMPOWERMENT ENHANCEMENT OF WOMEN EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY COMPOSITION FEMALE FEMALE CHILDREN FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FERTILITY FERTILITY BEHAVIOR GENDER GENDER ACTION GENDER BIAS GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITY GIRLS HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INEQUALITY INSURANCE KIDS MORTALITY MORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS MOTHER MOTIVATION NUCLEAR FAMILIES NUCLEAR FAMILY NUMBER OF ADULTS NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUMBER OF GIRLS ORPHAN CHILDREN ORPHANS PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRESS PROPORTION OF GIRLS PUBLIC POLICY RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESPECT RURAL AREAS SAFETY NET SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS SEX SEX BIAS SEX PREFERENCES SEX RATIO SON PREFERENCE SPOUSE UNEMPLOYMENT WAR WILL |
| author |
Koohi-Kamali, Feridoon |
| author_facet |
Koohi-Kamali, Feridoon |
| author_sort |
Koohi-Kamali, Feridoon |
| title |
Intrahousehold Inequality and Child Gender Bias in Ethiopia |
| title_short |
Intrahousehold Inequality and Child Gender Bias in Ethiopia |
| title_full |
Intrahousehold Inequality and Child Gender Bias in Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr |
Intrahousehold Inequality and Child Gender Bias in Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Intrahousehold Inequality and Child Gender Bias in Ethiopia |
| title_sort |
intrahousehold inequality and child gender bias in ethiopia |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2008-10 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/10/9954700/intrahousehold-inequality-child-gender-bias-ethiopia https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6912 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT koohikamaliferidoon intrahouseholdinequalityandchildgenderbiasinethiopia |
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1807155195437645824 |