Vocational Education in the New EU Member States : Enhancing Labor Market Outcomes and Fiscal Efficiency

This report explores the fiscal aspects of vocational education reform in the context of secondary education as a whole and considers the implications of any changes in the vocational education (VE) system for post-secondary and other modes of skill development. The report begins by describing the inherited system of vocational education in the former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe which was based on the assumption that everyone had to be trained for a specific occupation before starting work and that it was the function of vocational schools to provide such training. The report explores the scope for improvements in fiscal efficiency via a number of propositions about VE in the EU8 countries today: a) It would not be possible or advisable to fund adequately a traditional VE system which would provide ready-to-work recruits with narrowly specialized skills for the economy's enterprises; b) One way to reduce costs to government would be to locate practical training entirely in-plant but this is increasingly difficult; c) EU8 employers' traditional expectations of a fully-subsidized VE system delivering ready-to-work, specifically-skilled recruits are unreasonable; d) Traditional VE was the traditional answer to the question "What to do with those who have performed less well in basic education?" but this answer no longer convinces; and e) Parents and students are showing an increasing preference for general education (GE) over VE. Each of these propositions was discussed in this report not with a view to prescribing a detailed "one-size-fits-all" strategy for all the EU8 countries, but rather to deriving some principles that continued reform of VE could take into account, to the benefit of fiscal efficiency.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Canning, Mary, Godfrey, Martin, Holzer-Zelazewska, Dorota
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2007
Subjects:	ABILITY LEVELS, ACADEMIC STUDIES, ACADEMIC SUBJECTS, ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION, ACCREDITATION, ADULT LITERACY, ADULTS, APPRENTICESHIP MODEL, ART SCHOOLS, BASIC EDUCATION, BENEFITS OF EDUCATION, CAREER, CAREER COUNSELING, CAREERS, COLLEGES, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES, COMPUTER SKILLS, CORE COMPETENCIES, CORE CURRICULUM, CURRICULA, CURRICULUM, DECENTRALIZATION, DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS, EDUCATION EXPANSION, EDUCATION LEVEL, EDUCATION POLICIES, EDUCATION REFORM, EDUCATION STUDENTS, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EDUCATION SYSTEMS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL BUDGET, EDUCATIONAL EXPENDITURE, EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM, ELEMENTARY SCHOOL, EMPLOYMENT, EQUITABLE ACCESS, EXAM, EXPENDITURES, FOREIGN LANGUAGES, FORMULA FUNDING, FURTHER EDUCATION, GENERAL EDUCATION, GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION, GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS, GLOBAL LABOR MARKET, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATES, HIGHER EDUCATION, HIGHER EDUCATION EXPANSION, HIGHER EDUCATION FINANCING, HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION, HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, IN SERVICE TEACHER TRAINING, INSTRUCTION, INSTRUCTORS, INTERNSHIPS, INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION, JOB MARKET, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET NEEDS, LABOUR MARKET, LEARNERS, LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES, LEARNING STRATEGIES, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LIFE LONG LEARNING, LIFELONG LEARNING, LITERACY, LITERACY LEVELS, LITERACY SKILLS, LITERACY SURVEY, LOWER SECONDARY EDUCATION, LOWER SECONDARY LEVEL, MINISTRIES OF EDUCATION, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MOBILITY, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANS, NUMBER OF SCHOOLS, NUMBER OF STUDENTS, NUMBER OF STUDENTS PER TEACHER, OCCUPATIONS, PAPERS, PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES, PRACTICAL EXAMINATIONS, PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRINTING, PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS, PRIVATE TRAINING, PRIVATE TRAINING INSTITUTIONS, PROBLEM SOLVING, PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS, PROFESSIONAL LIFE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION, PUBLIC FUNDS, PUPILS, QUALIFIED TEACHERS, QUALITY ASSURANCE, RE-TRAINING, READING, RESEARCH INSTITUTES, RESEARCHERS, SCHOLARSHIPS, SCHOOL AUTONOMY, SCHOOL CURRICULA, SCHOOL EDUCATION, SCHOOL LEAVERS, SCHOOL QUALITY, SCHOOL STAFF, SCHOOL STUDENTS, SCHOOL SYSTEM, SCHOOL SYSTEMS, SCHOOL TEACHERS, SCHOOL TEACHING, SCHOOL WORKSHOPS, SCHOOL-AGE, SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN, SCHOOLING, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVERS, SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SECONDARY STUDENTS, SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, SKILL DEVELOPMENT, SKILLED WORKERS, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SKILLS TRAINING, SOCIAL BENEFITS, SPORTS, STIPENDS, STUDENT ASSESSMENT, STUDENT PERFORMANCE, TEACHER, TEACHER TRAINING, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TEACHING PERSONNEL, TEACHING STAFF, TECHNICAL EDUCATION, TECHNICAL SKILLS, TRADE UNIONS, TRAINEES, TRAINING CENTERS, TRAINING COURSES, TRAINING FACILITIES, TRAINING FOR TEACHERS, TRAINING MATERIALS, TUITION, TUITION FEES, TYPES OF EDUCATION, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNIVERSITIES, UNIVERSITY GRADUATES, VISITS TO SCHOOLS, VOCATIONAL COURSES, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS, VOCATIONAL SCHOOL, VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS, VOCATIONAL STUDENTS, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTRE, WESTERN EUROPE, WORKING HOURS, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUTH,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/06/8193023/vocational-education-new-eu-member-states-enhancing-labor-market-outcomes-fiscal-efficiency https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6749
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