Microfinance Meets the Market

Microfinance institutions have proved the possibility of providing reliable banking services to poor customers. Their second aim is to do so in a commercially-viable way. This paper analyzes the tensions and opportunities of microfinance as it embraces the market, drawing on a data set that includes 346 of the world's leading microfinance institutions and covers nearly 18 million active borrowers. The data show remarkable successes in maintaining high rates of loan repayment, but the data also suggest that profit-maximizing investors would have limited interest in most of the institutions that are focusing on the poorest customers and women. Those institutions, as a group, charge their customers the highest fees in the sample but also face particularly high transaction costs, in part due to small transaction sizes. Innovations to overcome the well-known problems of asymmetric information in financial markets were a triumph, but further innovation is needed to overcome the challenges of high costs.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Cull, Robert, Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Morduch, Jonathan
Language:English
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2008-05
Subjects:ACCESS TO BANKS, ACCESS TO CREDIT, ACCESS TO FINANCE, ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES, ACCESS TO LOANS, ACCOUNTING, ACCOUNTING STANDARDS, AFFILIATE, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION, AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES, AVERAGE INTEREST, AVERAGE INTEREST RATE, BANK BORROWERS, BANK CREDIT, BANK CUSTOMERS, BANK LOAN, BANK POLICY, BANKING SERVICES, BORROWER, BORROWING, BUSINESS LOANS, BUSINESS SCHOOLS, CALCULATIONS, CAPITAL COSTS, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CAPITAL MARKET, CAPITAL MARKETS, CASH FLOWS, COLLATERAL, COMMERCIAL BANK, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMMERCIAL BORROWING, COMMERCIAL INVESTMENT, CONSUMER, CONSUMER LOANS, CONTRIBUTIONS, COST OF CAPITAL, CREDIT ACCESS, CREDIT COOPERATIVES, CREDIT MARKETS, CREDIT UNION, CREDIT UNIONS, CUSTOMER BASE, DEBIT CARDS, DEBT, DEFAULT RATES, DEFAULTERS, DEPOSIT, DEPOSITORS, DEPOSITS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING ECONOMIES, DONOR SUPPORT, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT, ENTREPRENEURS, EXCHANGE RATE, FACE VALUE, FAMILIES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FARM ENTERPRISES, FARMERS, FEMALE BORROWERS, FINANCIAL ACCESS, FINANCIAL DATA, FINANCIAL INFORMATION, FINANCIAL INSTITUTION, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY, FINANCIAL LIVES, FINANCIAL MAINSTREAM, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL MEASURES, FINANCIAL OPTIONS, FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE, FINANCIAL SELF - SUFFICIENCY, FINANCIAL SELF-SUFFICIENCY, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, FINANCIAL STRUCTURE, FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY, FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS, FIXED COSTS, FOREIGN CAPITAL, FOREIGN DONORS, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, FUTURE LOANS, GENDER, GENDER EQUALITY, GENERAL PUBLIC, GLOBAL CAPITAL, GLOBAL CAPITAL MARKETS, GLOBALIZATION, GOVERNMENT BANKS, GROUP LENDING, GROUP-LENDING, GROUP-LENDING CONTRACTS, HANDICRAFTS, HIDDEN SUBSIDIES, HIGH INTEREST RATES, HOLDINGS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLDS, IMPLICIT SUBSIDIES, IMPLICIT SUBSIDY, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME LEVEL, INCOMES, INFLATION, INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING, INSENSITIVITY, INSTALLMENTS, INSURANCE, INTEREST INCOME, INTEREST RATE, INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, INVESTING, IPO, JOINT LIABILITY, LENDING INTEREST RATE, LIQUIDITY, LOAN, LOAN APPLICANTS, LOAN DECISION, LOAN LOSS PROVISIONS, LOAN PAYMENTS, LOAN PORTFOLIO, LOAN PORTFOLIO QUALITY, LOAN PORTFOLIOS, LOAN PRODUCTS, LOAN REPAYMENT, LOAN REPAYMENT RATES, LOAN REPAYMENTS, LOAN SIZE, LOAN SIZES, LOCAL CURRENCY, LONG-TERM LIABILITIES, LOW COST, LOW-INCOME, LOW-INCOME CUSTOMERS, LOW-INCOME PEOPLE, MARKET DATA, MFI, MFIS, MICRO-CREDIT, MICRO-FINANCE, MICRO-LOANS, MICROCREDIT, MICROENTERPRISES, MICROFINANCE, MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION, MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS, MICROFINANCE LENDING, MICROFINANCE LOANS, MICROFINANCE SECTOR, MONETARY FUND, MONEYLENDER, MONEYLENDERS, MUTUAL FUND, NON-PERFORMING LOANS, OPERATING COST, OPERATING COSTS, OPERATING EXPENSES, OUTREACH, OUTSTANDING BALANCE, POLITICAL RISK, POOR BORROWERS, POOR COMMUNITIES, PORTFOLIO QUALITY, POVERTY LEVELS, PRIME RATE, PRIVATE INVESTORS, PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS, PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY, PRUDENTIAL REGULATION, PUBLIC ECONOMICS, PUBLIC POLICY, PURCHASING POWER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, RECENT LOANS, REPAYMENT INCENTIVES, REPAYMENT RATES, RESERVE, RESERVES, RETAINED EARNINGS, RETURN, RETURN ON ASSETS, RETURN ON EQUITY, RETURNS, RURAL BANK, RURAL BANKS, RURAL FINANCIAL MARKETS, SALE, SAVINGS, SAVINGS DEPOSITS, SAVINGS PRODUCTS, SENIOR, SMALL BUSINESSES, SMALL LOANS, SOCIAL MISSIONS, SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTORS, SOFT LOANS, SOLIDARITY GROUP LENDING, START-UP, STATE BANKS, SUBSIDIZATION, TAX, TIME DEPOSITS, TOTAL COSTS, TRANSACTION, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSACTIONS COSTS, VALUABLE, VALUE ADDED TAXES, VILLAGE, VILLAGES, WORTH,
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/05/9473047/microfinance-meets-market
https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6690
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countrycode US
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databasecode dig-okr
tag biblioteca
region America del Norte
libraryname Biblioteca del Banco Mundial
language English
topic ACCESS TO BANKS
ACCESS TO CREDIT
ACCESS TO FINANCE
ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES
ACCESS TO LOANS
ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
AFFILIATE
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION
AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES
AVERAGE INTEREST
AVERAGE INTEREST RATE
BANK BORROWERS
BANK CREDIT
BANK CUSTOMERS
BANK LOAN
BANK POLICY
BANKING SERVICES
BORROWER
BORROWING
BUSINESS LOANS
BUSINESS SCHOOLS
CALCULATIONS
CAPITAL COSTS
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL MARKET
CAPITAL MARKETS
CASH FLOWS
COLLATERAL
COMMERCIAL BANK
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMMERCIAL BORROWING
COMMERCIAL INVESTMENT
CONSUMER
CONSUMER LOANS
CONTRIBUTIONS
COST OF CAPITAL
CREDIT ACCESS
CREDIT COOPERATIVES
CREDIT MARKETS
CREDIT UNION
CREDIT UNIONS
CUSTOMER BASE
DEBIT CARDS
DEBT
DEFAULT RATES
DEFAULTERS
DEPOSIT
DEPOSITORS
DEPOSITS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
DONOR SUPPORT
EARNINGS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EMPLOYMENT
ENTREPRENEURS
EXCHANGE RATE
FACE VALUE
FAMILIES
FAMILY MEMBERS
FARM ENTERPRISES
FARMERS
FEMALE BORROWERS
FINANCIAL ACCESS
FINANCIAL DATA
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
FINANCIAL LIVES
FINANCIAL MAINSTREAM
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL MEASURES
FINANCIAL OPTIONS
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
FINANCIAL SELF - SUFFICIENCY
FINANCIAL SELF-SUFFICIENCY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STRUCTURE
FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS
FIXED COSTS
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN DONORS
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
FUTURE LOANS
GENDER
GENDER EQUALITY
GENERAL PUBLIC
GLOBAL CAPITAL
GLOBAL CAPITAL MARKETS
GLOBALIZATION
GOVERNMENT BANKS
GROUP LENDING
GROUP-LENDING
GROUP-LENDING CONTRACTS
HANDICRAFTS
HIDDEN SUBSIDIES
HIGH INTEREST RATES
HOLDINGS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLDS
IMPLICIT SUBSIDIES
IMPLICIT SUBSIDY
INCOME DISTRIBUTION
INCOME LEVEL
INCOMES
INFLATION
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
INSENSITIVITY
INSTALLMENTS
INSURANCE
INTEREST INCOME
INTEREST RATE
INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
INVESTING
IPO
JOINT LIABILITY
LENDING INTEREST RATE
LIQUIDITY
LOAN
LOAN APPLICANTS
LOAN DECISION
LOAN LOSS PROVISIONS
LOAN PAYMENTS
LOAN PORTFOLIO
LOAN PORTFOLIO QUALITY
LOAN PORTFOLIOS
LOAN PRODUCTS
LOAN REPAYMENT
LOAN REPAYMENT RATES
LOAN REPAYMENTS
LOAN SIZE
LOAN SIZES
LOCAL CURRENCY
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
LOW COST
LOW-INCOME
LOW-INCOME CUSTOMERS
LOW-INCOME PEOPLE
MARKET DATA
MFI
MFIS
MICRO-CREDIT
MICRO-FINANCE
MICRO-LOANS
MICROCREDIT
MICROENTERPRISES
MICROFINANCE
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
MICROFINANCE LENDING
MICROFINANCE LOANS
MICROFINANCE SECTOR
MONETARY FUND
MONEYLENDER
MONEYLENDERS
MUTUAL FUND
NON-PERFORMING LOANS
OPERATING COST
OPERATING COSTS
OPERATING EXPENSES
OUTREACH
OUTSTANDING BALANCE
POLITICAL RISK
POOR BORROWERS
POOR COMMUNITIES
PORTFOLIO QUALITY
POVERTY LEVELS
PRIME RATE
PRIVATE INVESTORS
PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS
PRODUCTIVITY
PROFITABILITY
PRUDENTIAL REGULATION
PUBLIC ECONOMICS
PUBLIC POLICY
PURCHASING POWER
PURCHASING POWER PARITY
RECENT LOANS
REPAYMENT INCENTIVES
REPAYMENT RATES
RESERVE
RESERVES
RETAINED EARNINGS
RETURN
RETURN ON ASSETS
RETURN ON EQUITY
RETURNS
RURAL BANK
RURAL BANKS
RURAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
SALE
SAVINGS
SAVINGS DEPOSITS
SAVINGS PRODUCTS
SENIOR
SMALL BUSINESSES
SMALL LOANS
SOCIAL MISSIONS
SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTORS
SOFT LOANS
SOLIDARITY GROUP LENDING
START-UP
STATE BANKS
SUBSIDIZATION
TAX
TIME DEPOSITS
TOTAL COSTS
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTION COSTS
TRANSACTIONS COSTS
VALUABLE
VALUE ADDED TAXES
VILLAGE
VILLAGES
WORTH
ACCESS TO BANKS
ACCESS TO CREDIT
ACCESS TO FINANCE
ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES
ACCESS TO LOANS
ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
AFFILIATE
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION
AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES
AVERAGE INTEREST
AVERAGE INTEREST RATE
BANK BORROWERS
BANK CREDIT
BANK CUSTOMERS
BANK LOAN
BANK POLICY
BANKING SERVICES
BORROWER
BORROWING
BUSINESS LOANS
BUSINESS SCHOOLS
CALCULATIONS
CAPITAL COSTS
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL MARKET
CAPITAL MARKETS
CASH FLOWS
COLLATERAL
COMMERCIAL BANK
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMMERCIAL BORROWING
COMMERCIAL INVESTMENT
CONSUMER
CONSUMER LOANS
CONTRIBUTIONS
COST OF CAPITAL
CREDIT ACCESS
CREDIT COOPERATIVES
CREDIT MARKETS
CREDIT UNION
CREDIT UNIONS
CUSTOMER BASE
DEBIT CARDS
DEBT
DEFAULT RATES
DEFAULTERS
DEPOSIT
DEPOSITORS
DEPOSITS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
DONOR SUPPORT
EARNINGS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EMPLOYMENT
ENTREPRENEURS
EXCHANGE RATE
FACE VALUE
FAMILIES
FAMILY MEMBERS
FARM ENTERPRISES
FARMERS
FEMALE BORROWERS
FINANCIAL ACCESS
FINANCIAL DATA
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
FINANCIAL LIVES
FINANCIAL MAINSTREAM
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL MEASURES
FINANCIAL OPTIONS
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
FINANCIAL SELF - SUFFICIENCY
FINANCIAL SELF-SUFFICIENCY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STRUCTURE
FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS
FIXED COSTS
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN DONORS
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
FUTURE LOANS
GENDER
GENDER EQUALITY
GENERAL PUBLIC
GLOBAL CAPITAL
GLOBAL CAPITAL MARKETS
GLOBALIZATION
GOVERNMENT BANKS
GROUP LENDING
GROUP-LENDING
GROUP-LENDING CONTRACTS
HANDICRAFTS
HIDDEN SUBSIDIES
HIGH INTEREST RATES
HOLDINGS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLDS
IMPLICIT SUBSIDIES
IMPLICIT SUBSIDY
INCOME DISTRIBUTION
INCOME LEVEL
INCOMES
INFLATION
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
INSENSITIVITY
INSTALLMENTS
INSURANCE
INTEREST INCOME
INTEREST RATE
INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
INVESTING
IPO
JOINT LIABILITY
LENDING INTEREST RATE
LIQUIDITY
LOAN
LOAN APPLICANTS
LOAN DECISION
LOAN LOSS PROVISIONS
LOAN PAYMENTS
LOAN PORTFOLIO
LOAN PORTFOLIO QUALITY
LOAN PORTFOLIOS
LOAN PRODUCTS
LOAN REPAYMENT
LOAN REPAYMENT RATES
LOAN REPAYMENTS
LOAN SIZE
LOAN SIZES
LOCAL CURRENCY
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
LOW COST
LOW-INCOME
LOW-INCOME CUSTOMERS
LOW-INCOME PEOPLE
MARKET DATA
MFI
MFIS
MICRO-CREDIT
MICRO-FINANCE
MICRO-LOANS
MICROCREDIT
MICROENTERPRISES
MICROFINANCE
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
MICROFINANCE LENDING
MICROFINANCE LOANS
MICROFINANCE SECTOR
MONETARY FUND
MONEYLENDER
MONEYLENDERS
MUTUAL FUND
NON-PERFORMING LOANS
OPERATING COST
OPERATING COSTS
OPERATING EXPENSES
OUTREACH
OUTSTANDING BALANCE
POLITICAL RISK
POOR BORROWERS
POOR COMMUNITIES
PORTFOLIO QUALITY
POVERTY LEVELS
PRIME RATE
PRIVATE INVESTORS
PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS
PRODUCTIVITY
PROFITABILITY
PRUDENTIAL REGULATION
PUBLIC ECONOMICS
PUBLIC POLICY
PURCHASING POWER
PURCHASING POWER PARITY
RECENT LOANS
REPAYMENT INCENTIVES
REPAYMENT RATES
RESERVE
RESERVES
RETAINED EARNINGS
RETURN
RETURN ON ASSETS
RETURN ON EQUITY
RETURNS
RURAL BANK
RURAL BANKS
RURAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
SALE
SAVINGS
SAVINGS DEPOSITS
SAVINGS PRODUCTS
SENIOR
SMALL BUSINESSES
SMALL LOANS
SOCIAL MISSIONS
SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTORS
SOFT LOANS
SOLIDARITY GROUP LENDING
START-UP
STATE BANKS
SUBSIDIZATION
TAX
TIME DEPOSITS
TOTAL COSTS
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTION COSTS
TRANSACTIONS COSTS
VALUABLE
VALUE ADDED TAXES
VILLAGE
VILLAGES
WORTH
spellingShingle ACCESS TO BANKS
ACCESS TO CREDIT
ACCESS TO FINANCE
ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES
ACCESS TO LOANS
ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
AFFILIATE
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION
AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES
AVERAGE INTEREST
AVERAGE INTEREST RATE
BANK BORROWERS
BANK CREDIT
BANK CUSTOMERS
BANK LOAN
BANK POLICY
BANKING SERVICES
BORROWER
BORROWING
BUSINESS LOANS
BUSINESS SCHOOLS
CALCULATIONS
CAPITAL COSTS
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL MARKET
CAPITAL MARKETS
CASH FLOWS
COLLATERAL
COMMERCIAL BANK
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMMERCIAL BORROWING
COMMERCIAL INVESTMENT
CONSUMER
CONSUMER LOANS
CONTRIBUTIONS
COST OF CAPITAL
CREDIT ACCESS
CREDIT COOPERATIVES
CREDIT MARKETS
CREDIT UNION
CREDIT UNIONS
CUSTOMER BASE
DEBIT CARDS
DEBT
DEFAULT RATES
DEFAULTERS
DEPOSIT
DEPOSITORS
DEPOSITS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
DONOR SUPPORT
EARNINGS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EMPLOYMENT
ENTREPRENEURS
EXCHANGE RATE
FACE VALUE
FAMILIES
FAMILY MEMBERS
FARM ENTERPRISES
FARMERS
FEMALE BORROWERS
FINANCIAL ACCESS
FINANCIAL DATA
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
FINANCIAL LIVES
FINANCIAL MAINSTREAM
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL MEASURES
FINANCIAL OPTIONS
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
FINANCIAL SELF - SUFFICIENCY
FINANCIAL SELF-SUFFICIENCY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STRUCTURE
FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS
FIXED COSTS
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN DONORS
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
FUTURE LOANS
GENDER
GENDER EQUALITY
GENERAL PUBLIC
GLOBAL CAPITAL
GLOBAL CAPITAL MARKETS
GLOBALIZATION
GOVERNMENT BANKS
GROUP LENDING
GROUP-LENDING
GROUP-LENDING CONTRACTS
HANDICRAFTS
HIDDEN SUBSIDIES
HIGH INTEREST RATES
HOLDINGS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLDS
IMPLICIT SUBSIDIES
IMPLICIT SUBSIDY
INCOME DISTRIBUTION
INCOME LEVEL
INCOMES
INFLATION
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
INSENSITIVITY
INSTALLMENTS
INSURANCE
INTEREST INCOME
INTEREST RATE
INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
INVESTING
IPO
JOINT LIABILITY
LENDING INTEREST RATE
LIQUIDITY
LOAN
LOAN APPLICANTS
LOAN DECISION
LOAN LOSS PROVISIONS
LOAN PAYMENTS
LOAN PORTFOLIO
LOAN PORTFOLIO QUALITY
LOAN PORTFOLIOS
LOAN PRODUCTS
LOAN REPAYMENT
LOAN REPAYMENT RATES
LOAN REPAYMENTS
LOAN SIZE
LOAN SIZES
LOCAL CURRENCY
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
LOW COST
LOW-INCOME
LOW-INCOME CUSTOMERS
LOW-INCOME PEOPLE
MARKET DATA
MFI
MFIS
MICRO-CREDIT
MICRO-FINANCE
MICRO-LOANS
MICROCREDIT
MICROENTERPRISES
MICROFINANCE
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
MICROFINANCE LENDING
MICROFINANCE LOANS
MICROFINANCE SECTOR
MONETARY FUND
MONEYLENDER
MONEYLENDERS
MUTUAL FUND
NON-PERFORMING LOANS
OPERATING COST
OPERATING COSTS
OPERATING EXPENSES
OUTREACH
OUTSTANDING BALANCE
POLITICAL RISK
POOR BORROWERS
POOR COMMUNITIES
PORTFOLIO QUALITY
POVERTY LEVELS
PRIME RATE
PRIVATE INVESTORS
PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS
PRODUCTIVITY
PROFITABILITY
PRUDENTIAL REGULATION
PUBLIC ECONOMICS
PUBLIC POLICY
PURCHASING POWER
PURCHASING POWER PARITY
RECENT LOANS
REPAYMENT INCENTIVES
REPAYMENT RATES
RESERVE
RESERVES
RETAINED EARNINGS
RETURN
RETURN ON ASSETS
RETURN ON EQUITY
RETURNS
RURAL BANK
RURAL BANKS
RURAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
SALE
SAVINGS
SAVINGS DEPOSITS
SAVINGS PRODUCTS
SENIOR
SMALL BUSINESSES
SMALL LOANS
SOCIAL MISSIONS
SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTORS
SOFT LOANS
SOLIDARITY GROUP LENDING
START-UP
STATE BANKS
SUBSIDIZATION
TAX
TIME DEPOSITS
TOTAL COSTS
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTION COSTS
TRANSACTIONS COSTS
VALUABLE
VALUE ADDED TAXES
VILLAGE
VILLAGES
WORTH
ACCESS TO BANKS
ACCESS TO CREDIT
ACCESS TO FINANCE
ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES
ACCESS TO LOANS
ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
AFFILIATE
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION
AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES
AVERAGE INTEREST
AVERAGE INTEREST RATE
BANK BORROWERS
BANK CREDIT
BANK CUSTOMERS
BANK LOAN
BANK POLICY
BANKING SERVICES
BORROWER
BORROWING
BUSINESS LOANS
BUSINESS SCHOOLS
CALCULATIONS
CAPITAL COSTS
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL MARKET
CAPITAL MARKETS
CASH FLOWS
COLLATERAL
COMMERCIAL BANK
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMMERCIAL BORROWING
COMMERCIAL INVESTMENT
CONSUMER
CONSUMER LOANS
CONTRIBUTIONS
COST OF CAPITAL
CREDIT ACCESS
CREDIT COOPERATIVES
CREDIT MARKETS
CREDIT UNION
CREDIT UNIONS
CUSTOMER BASE
DEBIT CARDS
DEBT
DEFAULT RATES
DEFAULTERS
DEPOSIT
DEPOSITORS
DEPOSITS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
DONOR SUPPORT
EARNINGS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EMPLOYMENT
ENTREPRENEURS
EXCHANGE RATE
FACE VALUE
FAMILIES
FAMILY MEMBERS
FARM ENTERPRISES
FARMERS
FEMALE BORROWERS
FINANCIAL ACCESS
FINANCIAL DATA
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
FINANCIAL LIVES
FINANCIAL MAINSTREAM
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL MEASURES
FINANCIAL OPTIONS
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
FINANCIAL SELF - SUFFICIENCY
FINANCIAL SELF-SUFFICIENCY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STRUCTURE
FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS
FIXED COSTS
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN DONORS
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
FUTURE LOANS
GENDER
GENDER EQUALITY
GENERAL PUBLIC
GLOBAL CAPITAL
GLOBAL CAPITAL MARKETS
GLOBALIZATION
GOVERNMENT BANKS
GROUP LENDING
GROUP-LENDING
GROUP-LENDING CONTRACTS
HANDICRAFTS
HIDDEN SUBSIDIES
HIGH INTEREST RATES
HOLDINGS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLDS
IMPLICIT SUBSIDIES
IMPLICIT SUBSIDY
INCOME DISTRIBUTION
INCOME LEVEL
INCOMES
INFLATION
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
INSENSITIVITY
INSTALLMENTS
INSURANCE
INTEREST INCOME
INTEREST RATE
INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
INVESTING
IPO
JOINT LIABILITY
LENDING INTEREST RATE
LIQUIDITY
LOAN
LOAN APPLICANTS
LOAN DECISION
LOAN LOSS PROVISIONS
LOAN PAYMENTS
LOAN PORTFOLIO
LOAN PORTFOLIO QUALITY
LOAN PORTFOLIOS
LOAN PRODUCTS
LOAN REPAYMENT
LOAN REPAYMENT RATES
LOAN REPAYMENTS
LOAN SIZE
LOAN SIZES
LOCAL CURRENCY
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
LOW COST
LOW-INCOME
LOW-INCOME CUSTOMERS
LOW-INCOME PEOPLE
MARKET DATA
MFI
MFIS
MICRO-CREDIT
MICRO-FINANCE
MICRO-LOANS
MICROCREDIT
MICROENTERPRISES
MICROFINANCE
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
MICROFINANCE LENDING
MICROFINANCE LOANS
MICROFINANCE SECTOR
MONETARY FUND
MONEYLENDER
MONEYLENDERS
MUTUAL FUND
NON-PERFORMING LOANS
OPERATING COST
OPERATING COSTS
OPERATING EXPENSES
OUTREACH
OUTSTANDING BALANCE
POLITICAL RISK
POOR BORROWERS
POOR COMMUNITIES
PORTFOLIO QUALITY
POVERTY LEVELS
PRIME RATE
PRIVATE INVESTORS
PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS
PRODUCTIVITY
PROFITABILITY
PRUDENTIAL REGULATION
PUBLIC ECONOMICS
PUBLIC POLICY
PURCHASING POWER
PURCHASING POWER PARITY
RECENT LOANS
REPAYMENT INCENTIVES
REPAYMENT RATES
RESERVE
RESERVES
RETAINED EARNINGS
RETURN
RETURN ON ASSETS
RETURN ON EQUITY
RETURNS
RURAL BANK
RURAL BANKS
RURAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
SALE
SAVINGS
SAVINGS DEPOSITS
SAVINGS PRODUCTS
SENIOR
SMALL BUSINESSES
SMALL LOANS
SOCIAL MISSIONS
SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTORS
SOFT LOANS
SOLIDARITY GROUP LENDING
START-UP
STATE BANKS
SUBSIDIZATION
TAX
TIME DEPOSITS
TOTAL COSTS
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTION COSTS
TRANSACTIONS COSTS
VALUABLE
VALUE ADDED TAXES
VILLAGE
VILLAGES
WORTH
Cull, Robert
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli
Morduch, Jonathan
Microfinance Meets the Market
description Microfinance institutions have proved the possibility of providing reliable banking services to poor customers. Their second aim is to do so in a commercially-viable way. This paper analyzes the tensions and opportunities of microfinance as it embraces the market, drawing on a data set that includes 346 of the world's leading microfinance institutions and covers nearly 18 million active borrowers. The data show remarkable successes in maintaining high rates of loan repayment, but the data also suggest that profit-maximizing investors would have limited interest in most of the institutions that are focusing on the poorest customers and women. Those institutions, as a group, charge their customers the highest fees in the sample but also face particularly high transaction costs, in part due to small transaction sizes. Innovations to overcome the well-known problems of asymmetric information in financial markets were a triumph, but further innovation is needed to overcome the challenges of high costs.
topic_facet ACCESS TO BANKS
ACCESS TO CREDIT
ACCESS TO FINANCE
ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES
ACCESS TO LOANS
ACCOUNTING
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
AFFILIATE
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION
AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES
AVERAGE INTEREST
AVERAGE INTEREST RATE
BANK BORROWERS
BANK CREDIT
BANK CUSTOMERS
BANK LOAN
BANK POLICY
BANKING SERVICES
BORROWER
BORROWING
BUSINESS LOANS
BUSINESS SCHOOLS
CALCULATIONS
CAPITAL COSTS
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL MARKET
CAPITAL MARKETS
CASH FLOWS
COLLATERAL
COMMERCIAL BANK
COMMERCIAL BANKS
COMMERCIAL BORROWING
COMMERCIAL INVESTMENT
CONSUMER
CONSUMER LOANS
CONTRIBUTIONS
COST OF CAPITAL
CREDIT ACCESS
CREDIT COOPERATIVES
CREDIT MARKETS
CREDIT UNION
CREDIT UNIONS
CUSTOMER BASE
DEBIT CARDS
DEBT
DEFAULT RATES
DEFAULTERS
DEPOSIT
DEPOSITORS
DEPOSITS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPING ECONOMIES
DONOR SUPPORT
EARNINGS
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EMPLOYMENT
ENTREPRENEURS
EXCHANGE RATE
FACE VALUE
FAMILIES
FAMILY MEMBERS
FARM ENTERPRISES
FARMERS
FEMALE BORROWERS
FINANCIAL ACCESS
FINANCIAL DATA
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY
FINANCIAL LIVES
FINANCIAL MAINSTREAM
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL MEASURES
FINANCIAL OPTIONS
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
FINANCIAL SELF - SUFFICIENCY
FINANCIAL SELF-SUFFICIENCY
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FINANCIAL STRUCTURE
FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS
FIXED COSTS
FOREIGN CAPITAL
FOREIGN DONORS
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES
FUTURE LOANS
GENDER
GENDER EQUALITY
GENERAL PUBLIC
GLOBAL CAPITAL
GLOBAL CAPITAL MARKETS
GLOBALIZATION
GOVERNMENT BANKS
GROUP LENDING
GROUP-LENDING
GROUP-LENDING CONTRACTS
HANDICRAFTS
HIDDEN SUBSIDIES
HIGH INTEREST RATES
HOLDINGS
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSEHOLDS
IMPLICIT SUBSIDIES
IMPLICIT SUBSIDY
INCOME DISTRIBUTION
INCOME LEVEL
INCOMES
INFLATION
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
INSENSITIVITY
INSTALLMENTS
INSURANCE
INTEREST INCOME
INTEREST RATE
INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
INVESTING
IPO
JOINT LIABILITY
LENDING INTEREST RATE
LIQUIDITY
LOAN
LOAN APPLICANTS
LOAN DECISION
LOAN LOSS PROVISIONS
LOAN PAYMENTS
LOAN PORTFOLIO
LOAN PORTFOLIO QUALITY
LOAN PORTFOLIOS
LOAN PRODUCTS
LOAN REPAYMENT
LOAN REPAYMENT RATES
LOAN REPAYMENTS
LOAN SIZE
LOAN SIZES
LOCAL CURRENCY
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
LOW COST
LOW-INCOME
LOW-INCOME CUSTOMERS
LOW-INCOME PEOPLE
MARKET DATA
MFI
MFIS
MICRO-CREDIT
MICRO-FINANCE
MICRO-LOANS
MICROCREDIT
MICROENTERPRISES
MICROFINANCE
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION
MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS
MICROFINANCE LENDING
MICROFINANCE LOANS
MICROFINANCE SECTOR
MONETARY FUND
MONEYLENDER
MONEYLENDERS
MUTUAL FUND
NON-PERFORMING LOANS
OPERATING COST
OPERATING COSTS
OPERATING EXPENSES
OUTREACH
OUTSTANDING BALANCE
POLITICAL RISK
POOR BORROWERS
POOR COMMUNITIES
PORTFOLIO QUALITY
POVERTY LEVELS
PRIME RATE
PRIVATE INVESTORS
PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS
PRODUCTIVITY
PROFITABILITY
PRUDENTIAL REGULATION
PUBLIC ECONOMICS
PUBLIC POLICY
PURCHASING POWER
PURCHASING POWER PARITY
RECENT LOANS
REPAYMENT INCENTIVES
REPAYMENT RATES
RESERVE
RESERVES
RETAINED EARNINGS
RETURN
RETURN ON ASSETS
RETURN ON EQUITY
RETURNS
RURAL BANK
RURAL BANKS
RURAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
SALE
SAVINGS
SAVINGS DEPOSITS
SAVINGS PRODUCTS
SENIOR
SMALL BUSINESSES
SMALL LOANS
SOCIAL MISSIONS
SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTORS
SOFT LOANS
SOLIDARITY GROUP LENDING
START-UP
STATE BANKS
SUBSIDIZATION
TAX
TIME DEPOSITS
TOTAL COSTS
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTION COSTS
TRANSACTIONS COSTS
VALUABLE
VALUE ADDED TAXES
VILLAGE
VILLAGES
WORTH
author Cull, Robert
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli
Morduch, Jonathan
author_facet Cull, Robert
Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli
Morduch, Jonathan
author_sort Cull, Robert
title Microfinance Meets the Market
title_short Microfinance Meets the Market
title_full Microfinance Meets the Market
title_fullStr Microfinance Meets the Market
title_full_unstemmed Microfinance Meets the Market
title_sort microfinance meets the market
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2008-05
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/05/9473047/microfinance-meets-market
https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6690
work_keys_str_mv AT cullrobert microfinancemeetsthemarket
AT demirguckuntasli microfinancemeetsthemarket
AT morduchjonathan microfinancemeetsthemarket
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spelling dig-okr-1098666902024-08-08T16:41:33Z Microfinance Meets the Market Cull, Robert Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli Morduch, Jonathan ACCESS TO BANKS ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO FINANCIAL SERVICES ACCESS TO LOANS ACCOUNTING ACCOUNTING STANDARDS AFFILIATE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES AVERAGE INTEREST AVERAGE INTEREST RATE BANK BORROWERS BANK CREDIT BANK CUSTOMERS BANK LOAN BANK POLICY BANKING SERVICES BORROWER BORROWING BUSINESS LOANS BUSINESS SCHOOLS CALCULATIONS CAPITAL COSTS CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL MARKET CAPITAL MARKETS CASH FLOWS COLLATERAL COMMERCIAL BANK COMMERCIAL BANKS COMMERCIAL BORROWING COMMERCIAL INVESTMENT CONSUMER CONSUMER LOANS CONTRIBUTIONS COST OF CAPITAL CREDIT ACCESS CREDIT COOPERATIVES CREDIT MARKETS CREDIT UNION CREDIT UNIONS CUSTOMER BASE DEBIT CARDS DEBT DEFAULT RATES DEFAULTERS DEPOSIT DEPOSITORS DEPOSITS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING ECONOMIES DONOR SUPPORT EARNINGS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EMPLOYMENT ENTREPRENEURS EXCHANGE RATE FACE VALUE FAMILIES FAMILY MEMBERS FARM ENTERPRISES FARMERS FEMALE BORROWERS FINANCIAL ACCESS FINANCIAL DATA FINANCIAL INFORMATION FINANCIAL INSTITUTION FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY FINANCIAL LIVES FINANCIAL MAINSTREAM FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL MEASURES FINANCIAL OPTIONS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE FINANCIAL SELF - SUFFICIENCY FINANCIAL SELF-SUFFICIENCY FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FINANCIAL STRUCTURE FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS FIXED COSTS FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DONORS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FORMAL FINANCIAL SERVICES FUTURE LOANS GENDER GENDER EQUALITY GENERAL PUBLIC GLOBAL CAPITAL GLOBAL CAPITAL MARKETS GLOBALIZATION GOVERNMENT BANKS GROUP LENDING GROUP-LENDING GROUP-LENDING CONTRACTS HANDICRAFTS HIDDEN SUBSIDIES HIGH INTEREST RATES HOLDINGS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS IMPLICIT SUBSIDIES IMPLICIT SUBSIDY INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME LEVEL INCOMES INFLATION INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING INSENSITIVITY INSTALLMENTS INSURANCE INTEREST INCOME INTEREST RATE INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INVESTING IPO JOINT LIABILITY LENDING INTEREST RATE LIQUIDITY LOAN LOAN APPLICANTS LOAN DECISION LOAN LOSS PROVISIONS LOAN PAYMENTS LOAN PORTFOLIO LOAN PORTFOLIO QUALITY LOAN PORTFOLIOS LOAN PRODUCTS LOAN REPAYMENT LOAN REPAYMENT RATES LOAN REPAYMENTS LOAN SIZE LOAN SIZES LOCAL CURRENCY LONG-TERM LIABILITIES LOW COST LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME CUSTOMERS LOW-INCOME PEOPLE MARKET DATA MFI MFIS MICRO-CREDIT MICRO-FINANCE MICRO-LOANS MICROCREDIT MICROENTERPRISES MICROFINANCE MICROFINANCE INSTITUTION MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS MICROFINANCE LENDING MICROFINANCE LOANS MICROFINANCE SECTOR MONETARY FUND MONEYLENDER MONEYLENDERS MUTUAL FUND NON-PERFORMING LOANS OPERATING COST OPERATING COSTS OPERATING EXPENSES OUTREACH OUTSTANDING BALANCE POLITICAL RISK POOR BORROWERS POOR COMMUNITIES PORTFOLIO QUALITY POVERTY LEVELS PRIME RATE PRIVATE INVESTORS PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS PRODUCTIVITY PROFITABILITY PRUDENTIAL REGULATION PUBLIC ECONOMICS PUBLIC POLICY PURCHASING POWER PURCHASING POWER PARITY RECENT LOANS REPAYMENT INCENTIVES REPAYMENT RATES RESERVE RESERVES RETAINED EARNINGS RETURN RETURN ON ASSETS RETURN ON EQUITY RETURNS RURAL BANK RURAL BANKS RURAL FINANCIAL MARKETS SALE SAVINGS SAVINGS DEPOSITS SAVINGS PRODUCTS SENIOR SMALL BUSINESSES SMALL LOANS SOCIAL MISSIONS SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE INVESTORS SOFT LOANS SOLIDARITY GROUP LENDING START-UP STATE BANKS SUBSIDIZATION TAX TIME DEPOSITS TOTAL COSTS TRANSACTION TRANSACTION COSTS TRANSACTIONS COSTS VALUABLE VALUE ADDED TAXES VILLAGE VILLAGES WORTH Microfinance institutions have proved the possibility of providing reliable banking services to poor customers. Their second aim is to do so in a commercially-viable way. This paper analyzes the tensions and opportunities of microfinance as it embraces the market, drawing on a data set that includes 346 of the world's leading microfinance institutions and covers nearly 18 million active borrowers. The data show remarkable successes in maintaining high rates of loan repayment, but the data also suggest that profit-maximizing investors would have limited interest in most of the institutions that are focusing on the poorest customers and women. Those institutions, as a group, charge their customers the highest fees in the sample but also face particularly high transaction costs, in part due to small transaction sizes. Innovations to overcome the well-known problems of asymmetric information in financial markets were a triumph, but further innovation is needed to overcome the challenges of high costs. 2012-05-30T19:20:22Z 2012-05-30T19:20:22Z 2008-05 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/05/9473047/microfinance-meets-market https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6690 English Policy Research Working Paper No. 4630 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC