India Shining and Bharat Drowning : Comparing Two Indian States to the Worldwide Distribution in Mathematics Achievement
This paper uses student answers to publicly released questions from an international testing agency together with statistical methods from Item Response Theory to place secondary students from two Indian states -Orissa and Rajasthan -on a worldwide distribution of mathematics achievement. These two states fall below 43 of the 51 countries for which data exist. The bottom 5 percent of children rank higher than the bottom 5 percent in only three countries-South Africa, Ghana and Saudi Arabia. But not all students test poorly. Inequality in the test-score distribution for both states is next only to South Africa in the worldwide ranking exercise. Consequently, and to the extent that these two states can represent India, the two statements "for every ten top performers in the United States there are four in India" and "for every ten low performers in the United States there are two hundred in India" are both consistent with the data. The combination of India's size and large variance in achievement give both the perceptions that India is shining even as Bharat, the vernacular for India, is drowning. Comparable estimates of inequalities in learning are the building blocks for substantive research on the correlates of earnings inequality in India and other low-income countries; the methods proposed here allow for independent testing exercises to build up such data by linking scores to internationally comparable tests.
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dig-okr-1098666682024-08-08T16:41:08Z India Shining and Bharat Drowning : Comparing Two Indian States to the Worldwide Distribution in Mathematics Achievement Zajonc, Tristan Das, Jishnu ACHIEVEMENT ACHIEVEMENTS APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY ATTENTION AVERAGE SCORE BELIEFS CALL COGNITIVE ABILITY COMPETENCE ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATED WORKERS EDUCATION BUDGET EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT EDUCATIONAL PLANNING EDUCATIONAL POLICY EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL TESTING ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES EXAM EXAMS FIRST GRADE FUTURE RESEARCH GENDER GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN SCIENCES INFERENCE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERVENTIONS INTUITION LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING LEVELS LEARNING OUTCOMES LEVELS OF ENROLLMENT LITERACY LITERATURE LOWER SECONDARY LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS MATH SCORES MATHEMATICS MOBILITY MOTIVATION NET ENROLLMENT NUMERACY ONLY CHILDREN PAPERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY ENROLLMENT PRIMARY GRADES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRINCIPALS PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFICIENCY QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION REASONING RESEARCH INSTITUTE RESEARCHERS RURAL AREAS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL SURVEY SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS SECONDARY SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SENIOR SECONDARY SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL STUDIES STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT TEACHERS TEST SCORES THINKING YOUTH This paper uses student answers to publicly released questions from an international testing agency together with statistical methods from Item Response Theory to place secondary students from two Indian states -Orissa and Rajasthan -on a worldwide distribution of mathematics achievement. These two states fall below 43 of the 51 countries for which data exist. The bottom 5 percent of children rank higher than the bottom 5 percent in only three countries-South Africa, Ghana and Saudi Arabia. But not all students test poorly. Inequality in the test-score distribution for both states is next only to South Africa in the worldwide ranking exercise. Consequently, and to the extent that these two states can represent India, the two statements "for every ten top performers in the United States there are four in India" and "for every ten low performers in the United States there are two hundred in India" are both consistent with the data. The combination of India's size and large variance in achievement give both the perceptions that India is shining even as Bharat, the vernacular for India, is drowning. Comparable estimates of inequalities in learning are the building blocks for substantive research on the correlates of earnings inequality in India and other low-income countries; the methods proposed here allow for independent testing exercises to build up such data by linking scores to internationally comparable tests. 2012-05-30T17:59:45Z 2012-05-30T17:59:45Z 2008-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9560562/india-shining-bharat-drowning-comparing-two-indian-states-worldwide-distribution-mathematics-achievement https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6668 English Policy Research Working Paper No. 4644 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC |
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| language |
English |
| topic |
ACHIEVEMENT ACHIEVEMENTS APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY ATTENTION AVERAGE SCORE BELIEFS CALL COGNITIVE ABILITY COMPETENCE ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATED WORKERS EDUCATION BUDGET EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT EDUCATIONAL PLANNING EDUCATIONAL POLICY EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL TESTING ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES EXAM EXAMS FIRST GRADE FUTURE RESEARCH GENDER GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN SCIENCES INFERENCE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERVENTIONS INTUITION LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING LEVELS LEARNING OUTCOMES LEVELS OF ENROLLMENT LITERACY LITERATURE LOWER SECONDARY LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS MATH SCORES MATHEMATICS MOBILITY MOTIVATION NET ENROLLMENT NUMERACY ONLY CHILDREN PAPERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY ENROLLMENT PRIMARY GRADES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRINCIPALS PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFICIENCY QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION REASONING RESEARCH INSTITUTE RESEARCHERS RURAL AREAS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL SURVEY SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS SECONDARY SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SENIOR SECONDARY SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL STUDIES STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT TEACHERS TEST SCORES THINKING YOUTH ACHIEVEMENT ACHIEVEMENTS APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY ATTENTION AVERAGE SCORE BELIEFS CALL COGNITIVE ABILITY COMPETENCE ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATED WORKERS EDUCATION BUDGET EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT EDUCATIONAL PLANNING EDUCATIONAL POLICY EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL TESTING ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES EXAM EXAMS FIRST GRADE FUTURE RESEARCH GENDER GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN SCIENCES INFERENCE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERVENTIONS INTUITION LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING LEVELS LEARNING OUTCOMES LEVELS OF ENROLLMENT LITERACY LITERATURE LOWER SECONDARY LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS MATH SCORES MATHEMATICS MOBILITY MOTIVATION NET ENROLLMENT NUMERACY ONLY CHILDREN PAPERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY ENROLLMENT PRIMARY GRADES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRINCIPALS PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFICIENCY QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION REASONING RESEARCH INSTITUTE RESEARCHERS RURAL AREAS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL SURVEY SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS SECONDARY SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SENIOR SECONDARY SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL STUDIES STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT TEACHERS TEST SCORES THINKING YOUTH |
| spellingShingle |
ACHIEVEMENT ACHIEVEMENTS APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY ATTENTION AVERAGE SCORE BELIEFS CALL COGNITIVE ABILITY COMPETENCE ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATED WORKERS EDUCATION BUDGET EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT EDUCATIONAL PLANNING EDUCATIONAL POLICY EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL TESTING ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES EXAM EXAMS FIRST GRADE FUTURE RESEARCH GENDER GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN SCIENCES INFERENCE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERVENTIONS INTUITION LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING LEVELS LEARNING OUTCOMES LEVELS OF ENROLLMENT LITERACY LITERATURE LOWER SECONDARY LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS MATH SCORES MATHEMATICS MOBILITY MOTIVATION NET ENROLLMENT NUMERACY ONLY CHILDREN PAPERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY ENROLLMENT PRIMARY GRADES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRINCIPALS PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFICIENCY QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION REASONING RESEARCH INSTITUTE RESEARCHERS RURAL AREAS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL SURVEY SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS SECONDARY SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SENIOR SECONDARY SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL STUDIES STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT TEACHERS TEST SCORES THINKING YOUTH ACHIEVEMENT ACHIEVEMENTS APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY ATTENTION AVERAGE SCORE BELIEFS CALL COGNITIVE ABILITY COMPETENCE ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATED WORKERS EDUCATION BUDGET EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT EDUCATIONAL PLANNING EDUCATIONAL POLICY EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL TESTING ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES EXAM EXAMS FIRST GRADE FUTURE RESEARCH GENDER GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN SCIENCES INFERENCE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERVENTIONS INTUITION LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING LEVELS LEARNING OUTCOMES LEVELS OF ENROLLMENT LITERACY LITERATURE LOWER SECONDARY LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS MATH SCORES MATHEMATICS MOBILITY MOTIVATION NET ENROLLMENT NUMERACY ONLY CHILDREN PAPERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY ENROLLMENT PRIMARY GRADES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRINCIPALS PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFICIENCY QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION REASONING RESEARCH INSTITUTE RESEARCHERS RURAL AREAS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL SURVEY SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS SECONDARY SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SENIOR SECONDARY SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL STUDIES STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT TEACHERS TEST SCORES THINKING YOUTH Zajonc, Tristan Das, Jishnu India Shining and Bharat Drowning : Comparing Two Indian States to the Worldwide Distribution in Mathematics Achievement |
| description |
This paper uses student answers to
publicly released questions from an international testing
agency together with statistical methods from Item Response
Theory to place secondary students from two Indian states
-Orissa and Rajasthan -on a worldwide distribution of
mathematics achievement. These two states fall below 43 of
the 51 countries for which data exist. The bottom 5 percent
of children rank higher than the bottom 5 percent in only
three countries-South Africa, Ghana and Saudi Arabia. But
not all students test poorly. Inequality in the test-score
distribution for both states is next only to South Africa in
the worldwide ranking exercise. Consequently, and to the
extent that these two states can represent India, the two
statements "for every ten top performers in the United
States there are four in India" and "for every ten
low performers in the United States there are two hundred in
India" are both consistent with the data. The
combination of India's size and large variance in
achievement give both the perceptions that India is shining
even as Bharat, the vernacular for India, is drowning.
Comparable estimates of inequalities in learning are the
building blocks for substantive research on the correlates
of earnings inequality in India and other low-income
countries; the methods proposed here allow for independent
testing exercises to build up such data by linking scores to
internationally comparable tests. |
| topic_facet |
ACHIEVEMENT ACHIEVEMENTS APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY ATTENTION AVERAGE SCORE BELIEFS CALL COGNITIVE ABILITY COMPETENCE ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATED WORKERS EDUCATION BUDGET EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT EDUCATIONAL PLANNING EDUCATIONAL POLICY EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL TESTING ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES EXAM EXAMS FIRST GRADE FUTURE RESEARCH GENDER GIRLS GROSS ENROLLMENT HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN SCIENCES INFERENCE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INTERVENTIONS INTUITION LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING LEVELS LEARNING OUTCOMES LEVELS OF ENROLLMENT LITERACY LITERATURE LOWER SECONDARY LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS MATH SCORES MATHEMATICS MOBILITY MOTIVATION NET ENROLLMENT NUMERACY ONLY CHILDREN PAPERS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY ENROLLMENT PRIMARY GRADES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRINCIPALS PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFICIENCY QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION REASONING RESEARCH INSTITUTE RESEARCHERS RURAL AREAS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL SURVEY SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS SECONDARY SCHOOLING SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SENIOR SECONDARY SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL STUDIES STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT TEACHERS TEST SCORES THINKING YOUTH |
| author |
Zajonc, Tristan Das, Jishnu |
| author_facet |
Zajonc, Tristan Das, Jishnu |
| author_sort |
Zajonc, Tristan |
| title |
India Shining and Bharat Drowning : Comparing Two Indian States to the Worldwide Distribution in Mathematics Achievement |
| title_short |
India Shining and Bharat Drowning : Comparing Two Indian States to the Worldwide Distribution in Mathematics Achievement |
| title_full |
India Shining and Bharat Drowning : Comparing Two Indian States to the Worldwide Distribution in Mathematics Achievement |
| title_fullStr |
India Shining and Bharat Drowning : Comparing Two Indian States to the Worldwide Distribution in Mathematics Achievement |
| title_full_unstemmed |
India Shining and Bharat Drowning : Comparing Two Indian States to the Worldwide Distribution in Mathematics Achievement |
| title_sort |
india shining and bharat drowning : comparing two indian states to the worldwide distribution in mathematics achievement |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2008-06 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/06/9560562/india-shining-bharat-drowning-comparing-two-indian-states-worldwide-distribution-mathematics-achievement https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6668 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT zajonctristan indiashiningandbharatdrowningcomparingtwoindianstatestotheworldwidedistributioninmathematicsachievement AT dasjishnu indiashiningandbharatdrowningcomparingtwoindianstatestotheworldwidedistributioninmathematicsachievement |
| _version_ |
1807157735513391104 |