Madrasas and NGOs : Complements or Substitutes? Non-State Providers and Growth in Female Education in Bangladesh
There has been a proliferation of non-state providers of education services in the developing world. In Bangladesh, for instance, Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee runs more than 40,000 non-formal schools that cater to school-drop outs from poor families or operate in villages where there's little provision for formal schools. This paper presents a rationale for supporting these schools on the basis of their spillover effects on female enrollment in secondary (registered) madrasa schools (Islamic faith schools). Most madrasa high schools in Bangladesh are financed by the sate and include a modern curriculum alongside traditional religious subjects. Using an establishment-level dataset on student enrollment in secondary schools and madrasas, the authors demonstrate that the presence of madrasas is positively associated with secondary female enrollment growth. Such feminization of madrasas is therefore unique and merits careful analysis. The authors test the effects of the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee primary schools on growth in female enrollment in madrasas. The analysis deals with potential endoegeneity by using data on number of the number of school branches and female members in the sub-district. The findings show that madrasas that are located in regions with a greater number of Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee schools have higher growth in female enrollment. This relationship is further strengthened by the finding that there is, however, no effect of these schools on female enrollment growth in secular schools.
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dig-okr-1098664222024-08-08T16:46:59Z Madrasas and NGOs : Complements or Substitutes? Non-State Providers and Growth in Female Education in Bangladesh Asadullah, Mohammad Niaz Chaudhury, Nazmul ABSENTEEISM ACHIEVING GENDER PARITY ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION BASIC EDUCATION BOYS SCHOOLS BUSINESS SCHOOL CLASSROOMS COEDUCATION CURRICULUM CURRICULUM REFORM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DROP OUTS ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATION ECONOMICS EDUCATION OF GIRLS EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ACCESS EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ENROLLMENT DATA ENROLLMENT FIGURES ENROLLMENT GROWTH ENROLLMENT OF GIRLS ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT STATISTICS FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT RATE FEMALE MEMBERS FEMALE PARTICIPATION FEMALE SCHOOLING FEMALE STUDENTS FORMAL PRIMARY EDUCATION FORMAL PRIMARY SCHOOLS FORMAL SCHOOLS GENDER DISPARITY GENDER GAP GENDER GROUPS GENDER PARITY GIRLS GIRLS SCHOOLS GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLS GROSS ENROLLMENT GROWTH IN ENROLLMENT HEALTH CARE HIGH SCHOOLS HIGHER ENROLLMENT HIGHER TEST SCORES HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS LIFE SKILLS LITERATURE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MOBILITY NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUMBER OF SCHOOLS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN PAPERS POLICY REVIEW POOR PEOPLE POSITIVE IMPACT POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAM PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS PRIMARY LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROVIDERS OF EDUCATION PROVISION OF EDUCATION PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC SCHOOLS READING RELIGIOUS EDUCATION RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS RESEARCHERS RURAL AREAS RURAL LEARNERS RURAL LOCATIONS RURAL POOR RURAL WOMEN SCHOOL ACTIVITIES SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL GIRLS SCHOOL GRADUATES SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL SELECTION SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY ENROLLMENT SECONDARY LEVEL SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOUTH ASIAN STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT STUDENT ENROLLMENT TEACHER TEACHER PAY TEACHERS TEACHING UNDERPRIVILEGED FAMILIES URBAN CENTERS URBAN SCHOOLS URBAN SLUMS There has been a proliferation of non-state providers of education services in the developing world. In Bangladesh, for instance, Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee runs more than 40,000 non-formal schools that cater to school-drop outs from poor families or operate in villages where there's little provision for formal schools. This paper presents a rationale for supporting these schools on the basis of their spillover effects on female enrollment in secondary (registered) madrasa schools (Islamic faith schools). Most madrasa high schools in Bangladesh are financed by the sate and include a modern curriculum alongside traditional religious subjects. Using an establishment-level dataset on student enrollment in secondary schools and madrasas, the authors demonstrate that the presence of madrasas is positively associated with secondary female enrollment growth. Such feminization of madrasas is therefore unique and merits careful analysis. The authors test the effects of the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee primary schools on growth in female enrollment in madrasas. The analysis deals with potential endoegeneity by using data on number of the number of school branches and female members in the sub-district. The findings show that madrasas that are located in regions with a greater number of Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee schools have higher growth in female enrollment. This relationship is further strengthened by the finding that there is, however, no effect of these schools on female enrollment growth in secular schools. 2012-05-25T15:03:44Z 2012-05-25T15:03:44Z 2008-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/8994125/madrasas-ngos-complements-or-substitutes-non-state-providers-growth-female-education-bangladesh https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6422 English Policy Research Working Paper; No. 4511 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC |
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ABSENTEEISM ACHIEVING GENDER PARITY ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION BASIC EDUCATION BOYS SCHOOLS BUSINESS SCHOOL CLASSROOMS COEDUCATION CURRICULUM CURRICULUM REFORM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DROP OUTS ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATION ECONOMICS EDUCATION OF GIRLS EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ACCESS EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ENROLLMENT DATA ENROLLMENT FIGURES ENROLLMENT GROWTH ENROLLMENT OF GIRLS ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT STATISTICS FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT RATE FEMALE MEMBERS FEMALE PARTICIPATION FEMALE SCHOOLING FEMALE STUDENTS FORMAL PRIMARY EDUCATION FORMAL PRIMARY SCHOOLS FORMAL SCHOOLS GENDER DISPARITY GENDER GAP GENDER GROUPS GENDER PARITY GIRLS GIRLS SCHOOLS GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLS GROSS ENROLLMENT GROWTH IN ENROLLMENT HEALTH CARE HIGH SCHOOLS HIGHER ENROLLMENT HIGHER TEST SCORES HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS LIFE SKILLS LITERATURE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MOBILITY NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUMBER OF SCHOOLS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN PAPERS POLICY REVIEW POOR PEOPLE POSITIVE IMPACT POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAM PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS PRIMARY LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROVIDERS OF EDUCATION PROVISION OF EDUCATION PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC SCHOOLS READING RELIGIOUS EDUCATION RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS RESEARCHERS RURAL AREAS RURAL LEARNERS RURAL LOCATIONS RURAL POOR RURAL WOMEN SCHOOL ACTIVITIES SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL GIRLS SCHOOL GRADUATES SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL SELECTION SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY ENROLLMENT SECONDARY LEVEL SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOUTH ASIAN STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT STUDENT ENROLLMENT TEACHER TEACHER PAY TEACHERS TEACHING UNDERPRIVILEGED FAMILIES URBAN CENTERS URBAN SCHOOLS URBAN SLUMS ABSENTEEISM ACHIEVING GENDER PARITY ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION BASIC EDUCATION BOYS SCHOOLS BUSINESS SCHOOL CLASSROOMS COEDUCATION CURRICULUM CURRICULUM REFORM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DROP OUTS ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATION ECONOMICS EDUCATION OF GIRLS EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ACCESS EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ENROLLMENT DATA ENROLLMENT FIGURES ENROLLMENT GROWTH ENROLLMENT OF GIRLS ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT STATISTICS FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT RATE FEMALE MEMBERS FEMALE PARTICIPATION FEMALE SCHOOLING FEMALE STUDENTS FORMAL PRIMARY EDUCATION FORMAL PRIMARY SCHOOLS FORMAL SCHOOLS GENDER DISPARITY GENDER GAP GENDER GROUPS GENDER PARITY GIRLS GIRLS SCHOOLS GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLS GROSS ENROLLMENT GROWTH IN ENROLLMENT HEALTH CARE HIGH SCHOOLS HIGHER ENROLLMENT HIGHER TEST SCORES HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS LIFE SKILLS LITERATURE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MOBILITY NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUMBER OF SCHOOLS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN PAPERS POLICY REVIEW POOR PEOPLE POSITIVE IMPACT POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAM PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS PRIMARY LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROVIDERS OF EDUCATION PROVISION OF EDUCATION PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC SCHOOLS READING RELIGIOUS EDUCATION RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS RESEARCHERS RURAL AREAS RURAL LEARNERS RURAL LOCATIONS RURAL POOR RURAL WOMEN SCHOOL ACTIVITIES SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL GIRLS SCHOOL GRADUATES SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL SELECTION SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY ENROLLMENT SECONDARY LEVEL SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOUTH ASIAN STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT STUDENT ENROLLMENT TEACHER TEACHER PAY TEACHERS TEACHING UNDERPRIVILEGED FAMILIES URBAN CENTERS URBAN SCHOOLS URBAN SLUMS |
| spellingShingle |
ABSENTEEISM ACHIEVING GENDER PARITY ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION BASIC EDUCATION BOYS SCHOOLS BUSINESS SCHOOL CLASSROOMS COEDUCATION CURRICULUM CURRICULUM REFORM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DROP OUTS ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATION ECONOMICS EDUCATION OF GIRLS EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ACCESS EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ENROLLMENT DATA ENROLLMENT FIGURES ENROLLMENT GROWTH ENROLLMENT OF GIRLS ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT STATISTICS FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT RATE FEMALE MEMBERS FEMALE PARTICIPATION FEMALE SCHOOLING FEMALE STUDENTS FORMAL PRIMARY EDUCATION FORMAL PRIMARY SCHOOLS FORMAL SCHOOLS GENDER DISPARITY GENDER GAP GENDER GROUPS GENDER PARITY GIRLS GIRLS SCHOOLS GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLS GROSS ENROLLMENT GROWTH IN ENROLLMENT HEALTH CARE HIGH SCHOOLS HIGHER ENROLLMENT HIGHER TEST SCORES HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS LIFE SKILLS LITERATURE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MOBILITY NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUMBER OF SCHOOLS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN PAPERS POLICY REVIEW POOR PEOPLE POSITIVE IMPACT POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAM PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS PRIMARY LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROVIDERS OF EDUCATION PROVISION OF EDUCATION PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC SCHOOLS READING RELIGIOUS EDUCATION RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS RESEARCHERS RURAL AREAS RURAL LEARNERS RURAL LOCATIONS RURAL POOR RURAL WOMEN SCHOOL ACTIVITIES SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL GIRLS SCHOOL GRADUATES SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL SELECTION SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY ENROLLMENT SECONDARY LEVEL SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOUTH ASIAN STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT STUDENT ENROLLMENT TEACHER TEACHER PAY TEACHERS TEACHING UNDERPRIVILEGED FAMILIES URBAN CENTERS URBAN SCHOOLS URBAN SLUMS ABSENTEEISM ACHIEVING GENDER PARITY ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION BASIC EDUCATION BOYS SCHOOLS BUSINESS SCHOOL CLASSROOMS COEDUCATION CURRICULUM CURRICULUM REFORM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DROP OUTS ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATION ECONOMICS EDUCATION OF GIRLS EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ACCESS EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ENROLLMENT DATA ENROLLMENT FIGURES ENROLLMENT GROWTH ENROLLMENT OF GIRLS ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT STATISTICS FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT RATE FEMALE MEMBERS FEMALE PARTICIPATION FEMALE SCHOOLING FEMALE STUDENTS FORMAL PRIMARY EDUCATION FORMAL PRIMARY SCHOOLS FORMAL SCHOOLS GENDER DISPARITY GENDER GAP GENDER GROUPS GENDER PARITY GIRLS GIRLS SCHOOLS GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLS GROSS ENROLLMENT GROWTH IN ENROLLMENT HEALTH CARE HIGH SCHOOLS HIGHER ENROLLMENT HIGHER TEST SCORES HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS LIFE SKILLS LITERATURE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MOBILITY NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUMBER OF SCHOOLS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN PAPERS POLICY REVIEW POOR PEOPLE POSITIVE IMPACT POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAM PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS PRIMARY LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROVIDERS OF EDUCATION PROVISION OF EDUCATION PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC SCHOOLS READING RELIGIOUS EDUCATION RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS RESEARCHERS RURAL AREAS RURAL LEARNERS RURAL LOCATIONS RURAL POOR RURAL WOMEN SCHOOL ACTIVITIES SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL GIRLS SCHOOL GRADUATES SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL SELECTION SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY ENROLLMENT SECONDARY LEVEL SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOUTH ASIAN STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT STUDENT ENROLLMENT TEACHER TEACHER PAY TEACHERS TEACHING UNDERPRIVILEGED FAMILIES URBAN CENTERS URBAN SCHOOLS URBAN SLUMS Asadullah, Mohammad Niaz Chaudhury, Nazmul Madrasas and NGOs : Complements or Substitutes? Non-State Providers and Growth in Female Education in Bangladesh |
| description |
There has been a proliferation of
non-state providers of education services in the developing
world. In Bangladesh, for instance, Bangladesh Rural
Advancement Committee runs more than 40,000 non-formal
schools that cater to school-drop outs from poor families or
operate in villages where there's little provision for
formal schools. This paper presents a rationale for
supporting these schools on the basis of their spillover
effects on female enrollment in secondary (registered)
madrasa schools (Islamic faith schools). Most madrasa high
schools in Bangladesh are financed by the sate and include a
modern curriculum alongside traditional religious subjects.
Using an establishment-level dataset on student enrollment
in secondary schools and madrasas, the authors demonstrate
that the presence of madrasas is positively associated with
secondary female enrollment growth. Such feminization of
madrasas is therefore unique and merits careful analysis.
The authors test the effects of the Bangladesh Rural
Advancement Committee primary schools on growth in female
enrollment in madrasas. The analysis deals with potential
endoegeneity by using data on number of the number of school
branches and female members in the sub-district. The
findings show that madrasas that are located in regions with
a greater number of Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee
schools have higher growth in female enrollment. This
relationship is further strengthened by the finding that
there is, however, no effect of these schools on female
enrollment growth in secular schools. |
| topic_facet |
ABSENTEEISM ACHIEVING GENDER PARITY ALTERNATIVE EDUCATION BASIC EDUCATION BOYS SCHOOLS BUSINESS SCHOOL CLASSROOMS COEDUCATION CURRICULUM CURRICULUM REFORM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DROP OUTS ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATION ECONOMICS EDUCATION OF GIRLS EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SERVICES EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ACCESS EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ENROLLMENT DATA ENROLLMENT FIGURES ENROLLMENT GROWTH ENROLLMENT OF GIRLS ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT STATISTICS FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE ENROLLMENT FEMALE ENROLLMENT RATE FEMALE MEMBERS FEMALE PARTICIPATION FEMALE SCHOOLING FEMALE STUDENTS FORMAL PRIMARY EDUCATION FORMAL PRIMARY SCHOOLS FORMAL SCHOOLS GENDER DISPARITY GENDER GAP GENDER GROUPS GENDER PARITY GIRLS GIRLS SCHOOLS GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLS GROSS ENROLLMENT GROWTH IN ENROLLMENT HEALTH CARE HIGH SCHOOLS HIGHER ENROLLMENT HIGHER TEST SCORES HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS LIFE SKILLS LITERATURE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MOBILITY NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS NUMBER OF SCHOOLS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN PAPERS POLICY REVIEW POOR PEOPLE POSITIVE IMPACT POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION POVERTY REDUCTION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PROGRAM PRIMARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS PRIMARY LEVEL PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROVIDERS OF EDUCATION PROVISION OF EDUCATION PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC SCHOOLS READING RELIGIOUS EDUCATION RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS RESEARCHERS RURAL AREAS RURAL LEARNERS RURAL LOCATIONS RURAL POOR RURAL WOMEN SCHOOL ACTIVITIES SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL GIRLS SCHOOL GRADUATES SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL SELECTION SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOLING SCHOOLS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY ENROLLMENT SECONDARY LEVEL SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS SECONDARY SCHOOLS SECONDARY STUDENTS SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOUTH ASIAN STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT STUDENT ENROLLMENT TEACHER TEACHER PAY TEACHERS TEACHING UNDERPRIVILEGED FAMILIES URBAN CENTERS URBAN SCHOOLS URBAN SLUMS |
| author |
Asadullah, Mohammad Niaz Chaudhury, Nazmul |
| author_facet |
Asadullah, Mohammad Niaz Chaudhury, Nazmul |
| author_sort |
Asadullah, Mohammad Niaz |
| title |
Madrasas and NGOs : Complements or Substitutes? Non-State Providers and Growth in Female Education in Bangladesh |
| title_short |
Madrasas and NGOs : Complements or Substitutes? Non-State Providers and Growth in Female Education in Bangladesh |
| title_full |
Madrasas and NGOs : Complements or Substitutes? Non-State Providers and Growth in Female Education in Bangladesh |
| title_fullStr |
Madrasas and NGOs : Complements or Substitutes? Non-State Providers and Growth in Female Education in Bangladesh |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Madrasas and NGOs : Complements or Substitutes? Non-State Providers and Growth in Female Education in Bangladesh |
| title_sort |
madrasas and ngos : complements or substitutes? non-state providers and growth in female education in bangladesh |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2008-02 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/8994125/madrasas-ngos-complements-or-substitutes-non-state-providers-growth-female-education-bangladesh https://hdl.handle.net/10986/6422 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT asadullahmohammadniaz madrasasandngoscomplementsorsubstitutesnonstateprovidersandgrowthinfemaleeducationinbangladesh AT chaudhurynazmul madrasasandngoscomplementsorsubstitutesnonstateprovidersandgrowthinfemaleeducationinbangladesh |
| _version_ |
1807158964378402816 |