Unpacking Youth Unemployment in Latin America
High youth unemployment rates may be a signal of difficult labor market entry for youth or may reflect high churning. The European and United States literature finds the latter conclusion while the Latin American literature suggests the former. This paper uses panel data to examine whether Latin American youth follow OECD patterns or are, indeed, unique. By decomposing transition matrices into propensity to move and rate of separation matrices and estimating duration matrices, the authors find that Latin American youth do follow the OECD trends: their high unemployment reflects high churning while their duration of unemployment is similar to that of non-youth. The paper also finds that young adults (age 19-24) have higher churning rates than youth; most churning occurs between informal wage employment, unemployment, and out-of-the labor force, even for non-poor youth; and unemployment probabilities are similar for men and women when the analysis control for greater churning by young men. The findings suggest that the "first employment" programs that have become popular in the region are not addressing the key constraints to labor market entry for young people and that more attention should be given to job matching, information, and signaling to improve the efficiency of the churning period.
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dig-okr-1098642182021-04-23T14:02:16Z Unpacking Youth Unemployment in Latin America Cunningham, Wendy ADOLESCENTS ADULT MALES ADULT MEN ADULT WOMEN ADULT WORKERS AGE CATEGORIES AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS APPRENTICESHIP ATTRITION AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT ECONOMIC ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT TRENDS FINDING EMPLOYMENT GENDER GAP HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INFORMAL SECTOR JOB EXPERIENCE JOB SEARCH JOB TRAINING JOB TURNOVER JOBS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE ATTACHMENT LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET TURNOVER LABOR MARKETS LABOR TURNOVER LABOUR LOW UNEMPLOYMENT LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES MALE YOUTH MODERATE UNEMPLOYMENT MOTIVATION NUMBER OF PEOPLE OLDER ADULTS PERMANENT JOB POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR FAMILIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE PRESENTS UNEMPLOYMENT PRIME AGE PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS RETIREMENT SALARIED EMPLOYMENT SCHOOL AGE SECONDARY SCHOOL SEX SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL SECURITY TEENAGERS TOTAL LABOR FORCE TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED POOR UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION UNEMPLOYMENT DURATIONS UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS UNEMPLOYMENT TRANSITION URBAN AREAS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE SUBSIDIES YOUNG ADULT YOUNG ADULT WOMEN YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG MEN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG PERSON YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH YOUTH LABOR YOUTH POPULATION YOUTH RATES YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES YOUTH VIOLENCE High youth unemployment rates may be a signal of difficult labor market entry for youth or may reflect high churning. The European and United States literature finds the latter conclusion while the Latin American literature suggests the former. This paper uses panel data to examine whether Latin American youth follow OECD patterns or are, indeed, unique. By decomposing transition matrices into propensity to move and rate of separation matrices and estimating duration matrices, the authors find that Latin American youth do follow the OECD trends: their high unemployment reflects high churning while their duration of unemployment is similar to that of non-youth. The paper also finds that young adults (age 19-24) have higher churning rates than youth; most churning occurs between informal wage employment, unemployment, and out-of-the labor force, even for non-poor youth; and unemployment probabilities are similar for men and women when the analysis control for greater churning by young men. The findings suggest that the "first employment" programs that have become popular in the region are not addressing the key constraints to labor market entry for young people and that more attention should be given to job matching, information, and signaling to improve the efficiency of the churning period. 2012-03-19T19:12:03Z 2012-03-19T19:12:03Z 2009-08-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090824083220 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4218 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5022 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Latin America & Caribbean Latin America & Caribbean |
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Banco Mundial |
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Estados Unidos |
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US |
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Bibliográfico |
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En linea |
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biblioteca |
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America del Norte |
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Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ADOLESCENTS ADULT MALES ADULT MEN ADULT WOMEN ADULT WORKERS AGE CATEGORIES AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS APPRENTICESHIP ATTRITION AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT ECONOMIC ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT TRENDS FINDING EMPLOYMENT GENDER GAP HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INFORMAL SECTOR JOB EXPERIENCE JOB SEARCH JOB TRAINING JOB TURNOVER JOBS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE ATTACHMENT LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET TURNOVER LABOR MARKETS LABOR TURNOVER LABOUR LOW UNEMPLOYMENT LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES MALE YOUTH MODERATE UNEMPLOYMENT MOTIVATION NUMBER OF PEOPLE OLDER ADULTS PERMANENT JOB POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR FAMILIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE PRESENTS UNEMPLOYMENT PRIME AGE PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS RETIREMENT SALARIED EMPLOYMENT SCHOOL AGE SECONDARY SCHOOL SEX SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL SECURITY TEENAGERS TOTAL LABOR FORCE TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED POOR UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION UNEMPLOYMENT DURATIONS UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS UNEMPLOYMENT TRANSITION URBAN AREAS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE SUBSIDIES YOUNG ADULT YOUNG ADULT WOMEN YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG MEN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG PERSON YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH YOUTH LABOR YOUTH POPULATION YOUTH RATES YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES YOUTH VIOLENCE ADOLESCENTS ADULT MALES ADULT MEN ADULT WOMEN ADULT WORKERS AGE CATEGORIES AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS APPRENTICESHIP ATTRITION AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT ECONOMIC ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT TRENDS FINDING EMPLOYMENT GENDER GAP HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INFORMAL SECTOR JOB EXPERIENCE JOB SEARCH JOB TRAINING JOB TURNOVER JOBS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE ATTACHMENT LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET TURNOVER LABOR MARKETS LABOR TURNOVER LABOUR LOW UNEMPLOYMENT LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES MALE YOUTH MODERATE UNEMPLOYMENT MOTIVATION NUMBER OF PEOPLE OLDER ADULTS PERMANENT JOB POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR FAMILIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE PRESENTS UNEMPLOYMENT PRIME AGE PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS RETIREMENT SALARIED EMPLOYMENT SCHOOL AGE SECONDARY SCHOOL SEX SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL SECURITY TEENAGERS TOTAL LABOR FORCE TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED POOR UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION UNEMPLOYMENT DURATIONS UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS UNEMPLOYMENT TRANSITION URBAN AREAS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE SUBSIDIES YOUNG ADULT YOUNG ADULT WOMEN YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG MEN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG PERSON YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH YOUTH LABOR YOUTH POPULATION YOUTH RATES YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES YOUTH VIOLENCE |
| spellingShingle |
ADOLESCENTS ADULT MALES ADULT MEN ADULT WOMEN ADULT WORKERS AGE CATEGORIES AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS APPRENTICESHIP ATTRITION AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT ECONOMIC ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT TRENDS FINDING EMPLOYMENT GENDER GAP HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INFORMAL SECTOR JOB EXPERIENCE JOB SEARCH JOB TRAINING JOB TURNOVER JOBS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE ATTACHMENT LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET TURNOVER LABOR MARKETS LABOR TURNOVER LABOUR LOW UNEMPLOYMENT LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES MALE YOUTH MODERATE UNEMPLOYMENT MOTIVATION NUMBER OF PEOPLE OLDER ADULTS PERMANENT JOB POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR FAMILIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE PRESENTS UNEMPLOYMENT PRIME AGE PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS RETIREMENT SALARIED EMPLOYMENT SCHOOL AGE SECONDARY SCHOOL SEX SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL SECURITY TEENAGERS TOTAL LABOR FORCE TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED POOR UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION UNEMPLOYMENT DURATIONS UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS UNEMPLOYMENT TRANSITION URBAN AREAS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE SUBSIDIES YOUNG ADULT YOUNG ADULT WOMEN YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG MEN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG PERSON YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH YOUTH LABOR YOUTH POPULATION YOUTH RATES YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES YOUTH VIOLENCE ADOLESCENTS ADULT MALES ADULT MEN ADULT WOMEN ADULT WORKERS AGE CATEGORIES AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS APPRENTICESHIP ATTRITION AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT ECONOMIC ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT TRENDS FINDING EMPLOYMENT GENDER GAP HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INFORMAL SECTOR JOB EXPERIENCE JOB SEARCH JOB TRAINING JOB TURNOVER JOBS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE ATTACHMENT LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET TURNOVER LABOR MARKETS LABOR TURNOVER LABOUR LOW UNEMPLOYMENT LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES MALE YOUTH MODERATE UNEMPLOYMENT MOTIVATION NUMBER OF PEOPLE OLDER ADULTS PERMANENT JOB POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR FAMILIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE PRESENTS UNEMPLOYMENT PRIME AGE PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS RETIREMENT SALARIED EMPLOYMENT SCHOOL AGE SECONDARY SCHOOL SEX SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL SECURITY TEENAGERS TOTAL LABOR FORCE TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED POOR UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION UNEMPLOYMENT DURATIONS UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS UNEMPLOYMENT TRANSITION URBAN AREAS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE SUBSIDIES YOUNG ADULT YOUNG ADULT WOMEN YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG MEN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG PERSON YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH YOUTH LABOR YOUTH POPULATION YOUTH RATES YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES YOUTH VIOLENCE Cunningham, Wendy Unpacking Youth Unemployment in Latin America |
| description |
High youth unemployment rates may be a
signal of difficult labor market entry for youth or may
reflect high churning. The European and United States
literature finds the latter conclusion while the Latin
American literature suggests the former. This paper uses
panel data to examine whether Latin American youth follow
OECD patterns or are, indeed, unique. By decomposing
transition matrices into propensity to move and rate of
separation matrices and estimating duration matrices, the
authors find that Latin American youth do follow the OECD
trends: their high unemployment reflects high churning while
their duration of unemployment is similar to that of
non-youth. The paper also finds that young adults (age
19-24) have higher churning rates than youth; most churning
occurs between informal wage employment, unemployment, and
out-of-the labor force, even for non-poor youth; and
unemployment probabilities are similar for men and women
when the analysis control for greater churning by young men.
The findings suggest that the "first employment"
programs that have become popular in the region are not
addressing the key constraints to labor market entry for
young people and that more attention should be given to job
matching, information, and signaling to improve the
efficiency of the churning period. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| topic_facet |
ADOLESCENTS ADULT MALES ADULT MEN ADULT WOMEN ADULT WORKERS AGE CATEGORIES AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS APPRENTICESHIP ATTRITION AVERAGE UNEMPLOYMENT ECONOMIC ANALYSIS EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT TRENDS FINDING EMPLOYMENT GENDER GAP HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INFORMAL SECTOR JOB EXPERIENCE JOB SEARCH JOB TRAINING JOB TURNOVER JOBS LABOR ECONOMICS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE ATTACHMENT LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET TURNOVER LABOR MARKETS LABOR TURNOVER LABOUR LOW UNEMPLOYMENT LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATES MALE YOUTH MODERATE UNEMPLOYMENT MOTIVATION NUMBER OF PEOPLE OLDER ADULTS PERMANENT JOB POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POOR FAMILIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE PRESENTS UNEMPLOYMENT PRIME AGE PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS RETIREMENT SALARIED EMPLOYMENT SCHOOL AGE SECONDARY SCHOOL SEX SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL SECURITY TEENAGERS TOTAL LABOR FORCE TOTAL UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED POOR UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION UNEMPLOYMENT DURATIONS UNEMPLOYMENT SPELL UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS UNEMPLOYMENT TRANSITION URBAN AREAS WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE SUBSIDIES YOUNG ADULT YOUNG ADULT WOMEN YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG MEN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG PERSON YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH YOUTH LABOR YOUTH POPULATION YOUTH RATES YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES YOUTH VIOLENCE |
| author |
Cunningham, Wendy |
| author_facet |
Cunningham, Wendy |
| author_sort |
Cunningham, Wendy |
| title |
Unpacking Youth Unemployment in Latin America |
| title_short |
Unpacking Youth Unemployment in Latin America |
| title_full |
Unpacking Youth Unemployment in Latin America |
| title_fullStr |
Unpacking Youth Unemployment in Latin America |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Unpacking Youth Unemployment in Latin America |
| title_sort |
unpacking youth unemployment in latin america |
| publishDate |
2009-08-01 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20090824083220 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/4218 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT cunninghamwendy unpackingyouthunemploymentinlatinamerica |
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1756571472161144832 |