Methods of Household Consumption Measurement Through Surveys : Experimental Results from Tanzania
Consumption expenditure has long been the preferred measure of household living standards. However, accurate measurement is a challenge and household expenditure surveys vary widely across many dimensions, including the level of reporting, the length of the reference period, and the degree of commodity detail. These variations occur both across countries and also over time within countries. There is little current understanding of the implications of such changes for spatially and temporally consistent measurement of household consumption and poverty. A field experiment in Tanzania tests eight alternative methods to measure household consumption on a sample of 4,000 households. There are significant differences between consumption reported by the benchmark personal diary and other diary and recall formats. Under-reporting is particularly relevant in illiterate households and for urban respondents completing household diaries; recall modules measure lower consumption than a personal diary, with larger gaps among poorer households and households with more adult members. Variations in reporting accuracy by household characteristics are also discussed and differences in measured poverty as a result of survey design are explored. The study concludes with recommendations for methods of survey based consumption measurement in low-income countries.
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ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE AGGREGATE MEASURE AGGREGATE POVERTY ASSESSING WELFARE ASSET WEALTH CASE STUDY CHANGES IN POVERTY COMMODITY CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEY CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEYS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION GOODS CONSUMPTION INFORMATION CONSUMPTION MEASURE CONSUMPTION MEASURES CONSUMPTION MODULES CONSUMPTION POVERTY CONSUMPTION SURVEYS DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT ISSUES DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DIETARY DIVERSITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC REVIEW EXPENDITURE DATA EXPENDITURE LEVEL FIREWOOD FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA FOOD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEM FOOD ITEMS FUTURE CONSUMPTION HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTIC HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LIVING STANDARDS HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD RESOURCES HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING IDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATORS FOR POVERTY INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE LEVELS OF CONSUMPTION LEVELS OF FOOD CONSUMPTION LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT LIVING STANDARDS SURVEY MEAN VALUE MEASURED CONSUMPTION MEASURED POVERTY MEASURING POVERTY NON-FOOD CONSUMPTION NON-FOOD EXPENDITURE NON-FOOD ITEMS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PERSONAL CONSUMPTION POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PERSONS POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY GAP POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE POVERTY INDICATOR POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY STATUS POVERTY STUDIES POVERTY ANALYSIS RANDOM VARIABLE RELATIVE RANKINGS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL REGIONS SAVINGS SCHOOLING SEASONAL CONDITIONS SEPARATE POVERTY LINES STANDARD ERRORS TARGETING TOTAL CONSUMPTION TOTAL EXPENDITURE URBAN AREA URBAN AREAS URBAN HOUSEHOLDS WELFARE INDICATORS WELFARE MEASURE ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE AGGREGATE MEASURE AGGREGATE POVERTY ASSESSING WELFARE ASSET WEALTH CASE STUDY CHANGES IN POVERTY COMMODITY CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEY CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEYS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION GOODS CONSUMPTION INFORMATION CONSUMPTION MEASURE CONSUMPTION MEASURES CONSUMPTION MODULES CONSUMPTION POVERTY CONSUMPTION SURVEYS DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT ISSUES DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DIETARY DIVERSITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC REVIEW EXPENDITURE DATA EXPENDITURE LEVEL FIREWOOD FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA FOOD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEM FOOD ITEMS FUTURE CONSUMPTION HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTIC HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LIVING STANDARDS HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD RESOURCES HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING IDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATORS FOR POVERTY INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE LEVELS OF CONSUMPTION LEVELS OF FOOD CONSUMPTION LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT LIVING STANDARDS SURVEY MEAN VALUE MEASURED CONSUMPTION MEASURED POVERTY MEASURING POVERTY NON-FOOD CONSUMPTION NON-FOOD EXPENDITURE NON-FOOD ITEMS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PERSONAL CONSUMPTION POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PERSONS POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY GAP POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE POVERTY INDICATOR POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY STATUS POVERTY STUDIES POVERTY ANALYSIS RANDOM VARIABLE RELATIVE RANKINGS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL REGIONS SAVINGS SCHOOLING SEASONAL CONDITIONS SEPARATE POVERTY LINES STANDARD ERRORS TARGETING TOTAL CONSUMPTION TOTAL EXPENDITURE URBAN AREA URBAN AREAS URBAN HOUSEHOLDS WELFARE INDICATORS WELFARE MEASURE |
| spellingShingle |
ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE AGGREGATE MEASURE AGGREGATE POVERTY ASSESSING WELFARE ASSET WEALTH CASE STUDY CHANGES IN POVERTY COMMODITY CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEY CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEYS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION GOODS CONSUMPTION INFORMATION CONSUMPTION MEASURE CONSUMPTION MEASURES CONSUMPTION MODULES CONSUMPTION POVERTY CONSUMPTION SURVEYS DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT ISSUES DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DIETARY DIVERSITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC REVIEW EXPENDITURE DATA EXPENDITURE LEVEL FIREWOOD FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA FOOD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEM FOOD ITEMS FUTURE CONSUMPTION HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTIC HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LIVING STANDARDS HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD RESOURCES HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING IDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATORS FOR POVERTY INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE LEVELS OF CONSUMPTION LEVELS OF FOOD CONSUMPTION LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT LIVING STANDARDS SURVEY MEAN VALUE MEASURED CONSUMPTION MEASURED POVERTY MEASURING POVERTY NON-FOOD CONSUMPTION NON-FOOD EXPENDITURE NON-FOOD ITEMS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PERSONAL CONSUMPTION POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PERSONS POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY GAP POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE POVERTY INDICATOR POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY STATUS POVERTY STUDIES POVERTY ANALYSIS RANDOM VARIABLE RELATIVE RANKINGS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL REGIONS SAVINGS SCHOOLING SEASONAL CONDITIONS SEPARATE POVERTY LINES STANDARD ERRORS TARGETING TOTAL CONSUMPTION TOTAL EXPENDITURE URBAN AREA URBAN AREAS URBAN HOUSEHOLDS WELFARE INDICATORS WELFARE MEASURE ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE AGGREGATE MEASURE AGGREGATE POVERTY ASSESSING WELFARE ASSET WEALTH CASE STUDY CHANGES IN POVERTY COMMODITY CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEY CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEYS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION GOODS CONSUMPTION INFORMATION CONSUMPTION MEASURE CONSUMPTION MEASURES CONSUMPTION MODULES CONSUMPTION POVERTY CONSUMPTION SURVEYS DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT ISSUES DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DIETARY DIVERSITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC REVIEW EXPENDITURE DATA EXPENDITURE LEVEL FIREWOOD FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA FOOD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEM FOOD ITEMS FUTURE CONSUMPTION HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTIC HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LIVING STANDARDS HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD RESOURCES HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING IDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATORS FOR POVERTY INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE LEVELS OF CONSUMPTION LEVELS OF FOOD CONSUMPTION LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT LIVING STANDARDS SURVEY MEAN VALUE MEASURED CONSUMPTION MEASURED POVERTY MEASURING POVERTY NON-FOOD CONSUMPTION NON-FOOD EXPENDITURE NON-FOOD ITEMS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PERSONAL CONSUMPTION POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PERSONS POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY GAP POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE POVERTY INDICATOR POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY STATUS POVERTY STUDIES POVERTY ANALYSIS RANDOM VARIABLE RELATIVE RANKINGS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL REGIONS SAVINGS SCHOOLING SEASONAL CONDITIONS SEPARATE POVERTY LINES STANDARD ERRORS TARGETING TOTAL CONSUMPTION TOTAL EXPENDITURE URBAN AREA URBAN AREAS URBAN HOUSEHOLDS WELFARE INDICATORS WELFARE MEASURE Beegle, Kathleen De Weerdt, Joachim Friedman, Jed Gibson, John Methods of Household Consumption Measurement Through Surveys : Experimental Results from Tanzania |
| description |
Consumption expenditure has long been
the preferred measure of household living standards.
However, accurate measurement is a challenge and household
expenditure surveys vary widely across many dimensions,
including the level of reporting, the length of the
reference period, and the degree of commodity detail. These
variations occur both across countries and also over time
within countries. There is little current understanding of
the implications of such changes for spatially and
temporally consistent measurement of household consumption
and poverty. A field experiment in Tanzania tests eight
alternative methods to measure household consumption on a
sample of 4,000 households. There are significant
differences between consumption reported by the benchmark
personal diary and other diary and recall formats.
Under-reporting is particularly relevant in illiterate
households and for urban respondents completing household
diaries; recall modules measure lower consumption than a
personal diary, with larger gaps among poorer households and
households with more adult members. Variations in reporting
accuracy by household characteristics are also discussed and
differences in measured poverty as a result of survey design
are explored. The study concludes with recommendations for
methods of survey based consumption measurement in
low-income countries. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| topic_facet |
ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE AGGREGATE MEASURE AGGREGATE POVERTY ASSESSING WELFARE ASSET WEALTH CASE STUDY CHANGES IN POVERTY COMMODITY CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEY CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEYS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION GOODS CONSUMPTION INFORMATION CONSUMPTION MEASURE CONSUMPTION MEASURES CONSUMPTION MODULES CONSUMPTION POVERTY CONSUMPTION SURVEYS DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT ISSUES DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DIETARY DIVERSITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC REVIEW EXPENDITURE DATA EXPENDITURE LEVEL FIREWOOD FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA FOOD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEM FOOD ITEMS FUTURE CONSUMPTION HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTIC HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LIVING STANDARDS HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD RESOURCES HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING IDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATORS FOR POVERTY INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE LEVELS OF CONSUMPTION LEVELS OF FOOD CONSUMPTION LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT LIVING STANDARDS SURVEY MEAN VALUE MEASURED CONSUMPTION MEASURED POVERTY MEASURING POVERTY NON-FOOD CONSUMPTION NON-FOOD EXPENDITURE NON-FOOD ITEMS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PERSONAL CONSUMPTION POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PERSONS POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY GAP POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE POVERTY INDICATOR POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY STATUS POVERTY STUDIES POVERTY ANALYSIS RANDOM VARIABLE RELATIVE RANKINGS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL REGIONS SAVINGS SCHOOLING SEASONAL CONDITIONS SEPARATE POVERTY LINES STANDARD ERRORS TARGETING TOTAL CONSUMPTION TOTAL EXPENDITURE URBAN AREA URBAN AREAS URBAN HOUSEHOLDS WELFARE INDICATORS WELFARE MEASURE |
| author |
Beegle, Kathleen De Weerdt, Joachim Friedman, Jed Gibson, John |
| author_facet |
Beegle, Kathleen De Weerdt, Joachim Friedman, Jed Gibson, John |
| author_sort |
Beegle, Kathleen |
| title |
Methods of Household Consumption Measurement Through Surveys : Experimental Results from Tanzania |
| title_short |
Methods of Household Consumption Measurement Through Surveys : Experimental Results from Tanzania |
| title_full |
Methods of Household Consumption Measurement Through Surveys : Experimental Results from Tanzania |
| title_fullStr |
Methods of Household Consumption Measurement Through Surveys : Experimental Results from Tanzania |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Methods of Household Consumption Measurement Through Surveys : Experimental Results from Tanzania |
| title_sort |
methods of household consumption measurement through surveys : experimental results from tanzania |
| publishDate |
2010-12-01 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20101213140710 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3986 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT beeglekathleen methodsofhouseholdconsumptionmeasurementthroughsurveysexperimentalresultsfromtanzania AT deweerdtjoachim methodsofhouseholdconsumptionmeasurementthroughsurveysexperimentalresultsfromtanzania AT friedmanjed methodsofhouseholdconsumptionmeasurementthroughsurveysexperimentalresultsfromtanzania AT gibsonjohn methodsofhouseholdconsumptionmeasurementthroughsurveysexperimentalresultsfromtanzania |
| _version_ |
1756571435443159040 |
| spelling |
dig-okr-1098639862021-04-23T14:02:14Z Methods of Household Consumption Measurement Through Surveys : Experimental Results from Tanzania Beegle, Kathleen De Weerdt, Joachim Friedman, Jed Gibson, John ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE AGGREGATE MEASURE AGGREGATE POVERTY ASSESSING WELFARE ASSET WEALTH CASE STUDY CHANGES IN POVERTY COMMODITY CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEY CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEYS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION DATA CONSUMPTION DISTRIBUTION CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES CONSUMPTION GOODS CONSUMPTION INFORMATION CONSUMPTION MEASURE CONSUMPTION MEASURES CONSUMPTION MODULES CONSUMPTION POVERTY CONSUMPTION SURVEYS DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT ISSUES DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DIETARY DIVERSITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC REVIEW EXPENDITURE DATA EXPENDITURE LEVEL FIREWOOD FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD CONSUMPTION DATA FOOD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURE FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEM FOOD ITEMS FUTURE CONSUMPTION HIGHER INEQUALITY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEY HOUSEHOLD BUDGET SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTIC HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LIVING STANDARDS HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD RESOURCES HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING IDIOSYNCRATIC SHOCKS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME INEQUALITY INDICATORS FOR POVERTY INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE LEVELS OF CONSUMPTION LEVELS OF FOOD CONSUMPTION LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT LIVING STANDARDS SURVEY MEAN VALUE MEASURED CONSUMPTION MEASURED POVERTY MEASURING POVERTY NON-FOOD CONSUMPTION NON-FOOD EXPENDITURE NON-FOOD ITEMS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PERSONAL CONSUMPTION POLICY RESEARCH POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PERSONS POORER HOUSEHOLDS POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY ESTIMATES POVERTY GAP POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE POVERTY INDICATOR POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY RATE POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY STATUS POVERTY STUDIES POVERTY ANALYSIS RANDOM VARIABLE RELATIVE RANKINGS RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL COUNTERPARTS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL REGIONS SAVINGS SCHOOLING SEASONAL CONDITIONS SEPARATE POVERTY LINES STANDARD ERRORS TARGETING TOTAL CONSUMPTION TOTAL EXPENDITURE URBAN AREA URBAN AREAS URBAN HOUSEHOLDS WELFARE INDICATORS WELFARE MEASURE Consumption expenditure has long been the preferred measure of household living standards. However, accurate measurement is a challenge and household expenditure surveys vary widely across many dimensions, including the level of reporting, the length of the reference period, and the degree of commodity detail. These variations occur both across countries and also over time within countries. There is little current understanding of the implications of such changes for spatially and temporally consistent measurement of household consumption and poverty. A field experiment in Tanzania tests eight alternative methods to measure household consumption on a sample of 4,000 households. There are significant differences between consumption reported by the benchmark personal diary and other diary and recall formats. Under-reporting is particularly relevant in illiterate households and for urban respondents completing household diaries; recall modules measure lower consumption than a personal diary, with larger gaps among poorer households and households with more adult members. Variations in reporting accuracy by household characteristics are also discussed and differences in measured poverty as a result of survey design are explored. The study concludes with recommendations for methods of survey based consumption measurement in low-income countries. 2012-03-19T18:43:22Z 2012-03-19T18:43:22Z 2010-12-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20101213140710 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3986 English Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP),Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5501 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Africa Sub-Saharan Africa East Africa Tanzania |