Poverty, Living Conditions, and Infrastructure Access : A Comparison of Slums in Dakar, Johannesburg, and Nairobi
In this paper the authors compare indicators of development, infrastructure, and living conditions in the slums of Dakar, Nairobi, and Johannesburg using data from 2004 World Bank surveys. Contrary to the notion that most African cities face similar slum problems, find that slums in the three cities differ dramatically from each other on nearly every indicator examined. Particularly striking is the weak correlation of measures of income and human capital with infrastructure access and quality of living conditions. For example, residents of Dakar's slums have low levels of education and high levels of poverty but fairly decent living conditions. By contrast, most of Nairobi's slum residents have jobs and comparatively high levels of education, but living conditions are but extremely bad . And in Johannesburg, education and unemployment levels are high, but living conditions are not as bad as in Nairobi. These findings suggest that reduction in income poverty and improvements in human development do not automatically translate into improved infrastructure access or living conditions. Since not all slum residents are poor, living conditions also vary within slums depending on poverty status. Compared to their non-poor neighbors, the poorest residents of Nairobi or Dakar are less likely to use water (although connection rates are similar) or have access to basic infrastructure (such as electricity or a mobile phone). Neighborhood location is also a powerful explanatory variable for electricity and water connections, even after controlling for household characteristics and poverty. Finally, tenants are less likely than homeowners to have water and electricity connections.
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dig-okr-1098638722024-08-08T16:03:00Z Poverty, Living Conditions, and Infrastructure Access : A Comparison of Slums in Dakar, Johannesburg, and Nairobi Gulyani, Sumila Talukdar, Debabrata Jack, Darby ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE ACCESS TO SERVICES BASIC SERVICES BOTTLENECKS BUS CAR CITIES CLINICS COLLECTION SYSTEM CRIME CRIMES DEMOGRAPHICS DISABLED PERSONS DISPOSAL SYSTEM DRAINAGE DRINKING WATER DWELLING EMPLOYMENT FEMALE FEMALES GENDER HOMEOWNERS HOMES HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HOUSING UNITS HUMAN CAPITAL INFORMAL HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE REFORM INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INTERVENTIONS LITERS PER CAPITA PER DAY LITRES PER DAY LIVING CONDITIONS MODE OF TRANSPORT MODE OF TRANSPORTATION NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOODS OCCUPANCY PIT LATRINE PRIVATE SCHOOL PUBLIC TOILETS PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ROAD ROAD FACILITIES ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD SERVICES ROAD SYSTEMS SAFETY SANITATION SCHOOLS SEPTIC TANK SERVICE DELIVERY SETTLEMENT SETTLEMENTS SEWAGE DISPOSAL SLUM SLUM AREAS SLUMS SOCIAL SCIENCE SOURCES OF WATER SQUATTER STREET LIGHTING STREET LIGHTS SUBSTANDARD HOUSING TENANCY TOILET FACILITIES TOILET FACILITY TRAINS TRANSPORTATION TRUE URBAN AREAS URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN POOR URBAN POVERTY URBANIZATION UTILITIES UTILITY SERVICES VEHICLES WALKING WASTE WATER CONSUMPTION WATER COVERAGE WATER SOURCE WATER SOURCES WATER SUPPLY WATER USE WEALTH In this paper the authors compare indicators of development, infrastructure, and living conditions in the slums of Dakar, Nairobi, and Johannesburg using data from 2004 World Bank surveys. Contrary to the notion that most African cities face similar slum problems, find that slums in the three cities differ dramatically from each other on nearly every indicator examined. Particularly striking is the weak correlation of measures of income and human capital with infrastructure access and quality of living conditions. For example, residents of Dakar's slums have low levels of education and high levels of poverty but fairly decent living conditions. By contrast, most of Nairobi's slum residents have jobs and comparatively high levels of education, but living conditions are but extremely bad . And in Johannesburg, education and unemployment levels are high, but living conditions are not as bad as in Nairobi. These findings suggest that reduction in income poverty and improvements in human development do not automatically translate into improved infrastructure access or living conditions. Since not all slum residents are poor, living conditions also vary within slums depending on poverty status. Compared to their non-poor neighbors, the poorest residents of Nairobi or Dakar are less likely to use water (although connection rates are similar) or have access to basic infrastructure (such as electricity or a mobile phone). Neighborhood location is also a powerful explanatory variable for electricity and water connections, even after controlling for household characteristics and poverty. Finally, tenants are less likely than homeowners to have water and electricity connections. 2012-03-19T18:41:19Z 2012-03-19T18:41:19Z 2010-07-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100728143906 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3872 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5388 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain |
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Banco Mundial |
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DSpace |
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Estados Unidos |
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US |
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Bibliográfico |
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En linea |
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dig-okr |
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biblioteca |
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America del Norte |
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Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE ACCESS TO SERVICES BASIC SERVICES BOTTLENECKS BUS CAR CITIES CLINICS COLLECTION SYSTEM CRIME CRIMES DEMOGRAPHICS DISABLED PERSONS DISPOSAL SYSTEM DRAINAGE DRINKING WATER DWELLING EMPLOYMENT FEMALE FEMALES GENDER HOMEOWNERS HOMES HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HOUSING UNITS HUMAN CAPITAL INFORMAL HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE REFORM INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INTERVENTIONS LITERS PER CAPITA PER DAY LITRES PER DAY LIVING CONDITIONS MODE OF TRANSPORT MODE OF TRANSPORTATION NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOODS OCCUPANCY PIT LATRINE PRIVATE SCHOOL PUBLIC TOILETS PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ROAD ROAD FACILITIES ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD SERVICES ROAD SYSTEMS SAFETY SANITATION SCHOOLS SEPTIC TANK SERVICE DELIVERY SETTLEMENT SETTLEMENTS SEWAGE DISPOSAL SLUM SLUM AREAS SLUMS SOCIAL SCIENCE SOURCES OF WATER SQUATTER STREET LIGHTING STREET LIGHTS SUBSTANDARD HOUSING TENANCY TOILET FACILITIES TOILET FACILITY TRAINS TRANSPORTATION TRUE URBAN AREAS URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN POOR URBAN POVERTY URBANIZATION UTILITIES UTILITY SERVICES VEHICLES WALKING WASTE WATER CONSUMPTION WATER COVERAGE WATER SOURCE WATER SOURCES WATER SUPPLY WATER USE WEALTH ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE ACCESS TO SERVICES BASIC SERVICES BOTTLENECKS BUS CAR CITIES CLINICS COLLECTION SYSTEM CRIME CRIMES DEMOGRAPHICS DISABLED PERSONS DISPOSAL SYSTEM DRAINAGE DRINKING WATER DWELLING EMPLOYMENT FEMALE FEMALES GENDER HOMEOWNERS HOMES HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HOUSING UNITS HUMAN CAPITAL INFORMAL HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE REFORM INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INTERVENTIONS LITERS PER CAPITA PER DAY LITRES PER DAY LIVING CONDITIONS MODE OF TRANSPORT MODE OF TRANSPORTATION NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOODS OCCUPANCY PIT LATRINE PRIVATE SCHOOL PUBLIC TOILETS PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ROAD ROAD FACILITIES ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD SERVICES ROAD SYSTEMS SAFETY SANITATION SCHOOLS SEPTIC TANK SERVICE DELIVERY SETTLEMENT SETTLEMENTS SEWAGE DISPOSAL SLUM SLUM AREAS SLUMS SOCIAL SCIENCE SOURCES OF WATER SQUATTER STREET LIGHTING STREET LIGHTS SUBSTANDARD HOUSING TENANCY TOILET FACILITIES TOILET FACILITY TRAINS TRANSPORTATION TRUE URBAN AREAS URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN POOR URBAN POVERTY URBANIZATION UTILITIES UTILITY SERVICES VEHICLES WALKING WASTE WATER CONSUMPTION WATER COVERAGE WATER SOURCE WATER SOURCES WATER SUPPLY WATER USE WEALTH |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE ACCESS TO SERVICES BASIC SERVICES BOTTLENECKS BUS CAR CITIES CLINICS COLLECTION SYSTEM CRIME CRIMES DEMOGRAPHICS DISABLED PERSONS DISPOSAL SYSTEM DRAINAGE DRINKING WATER DWELLING EMPLOYMENT FEMALE FEMALES GENDER HOMEOWNERS HOMES HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HOUSING UNITS HUMAN CAPITAL INFORMAL HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE REFORM INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INTERVENTIONS LITERS PER CAPITA PER DAY LITRES PER DAY LIVING CONDITIONS MODE OF TRANSPORT MODE OF TRANSPORTATION NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOODS OCCUPANCY PIT LATRINE PRIVATE SCHOOL PUBLIC TOILETS PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ROAD ROAD FACILITIES ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD SERVICES ROAD SYSTEMS SAFETY SANITATION SCHOOLS SEPTIC TANK SERVICE DELIVERY SETTLEMENT SETTLEMENTS SEWAGE DISPOSAL SLUM SLUM AREAS SLUMS SOCIAL SCIENCE SOURCES OF WATER SQUATTER STREET LIGHTING STREET LIGHTS SUBSTANDARD HOUSING TENANCY TOILET FACILITIES TOILET FACILITY TRAINS TRANSPORTATION TRUE URBAN AREAS URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN POOR URBAN POVERTY URBANIZATION UTILITIES UTILITY SERVICES VEHICLES WALKING WASTE WATER CONSUMPTION WATER COVERAGE WATER SOURCE WATER SOURCES WATER SUPPLY WATER USE WEALTH ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE ACCESS TO SERVICES BASIC SERVICES BOTTLENECKS BUS CAR CITIES CLINICS COLLECTION SYSTEM CRIME CRIMES DEMOGRAPHICS DISABLED PERSONS DISPOSAL SYSTEM DRAINAGE DRINKING WATER DWELLING EMPLOYMENT FEMALE FEMALES GENDER HOMEOWNERS HOMES HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HOUSING UNITS HUMAN CAPITAL INFORMAL HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE REFORM INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INTERVENTIONS LITERS PER CAPITA PER DAY LITRES PER DAY LIVING CONDITIONS MODE OF TRANSPORT MODE OF TRANSPORTATION NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOODS OCCUPANCY PIT LATRINE PRIVATE SCHOOL PUBLIC TOILETS PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ROAD ROAD FACILITIES ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD SERVICES ROAD SYSTEMS SAFETY SANITATION SCHOOLS SEPTIC TANK SERVICE DELIVERY SETTLEMENT SETTLEMENTS SEWAGE DISPOSAL SLUM SLUM AREAS SLUMS SOCIAL SCIENCE SOURCES OF WATER SQUATTER STREET LIGHTING STREET LIGHTS SUBSTANDARD HOUSING TENANCY TOILET FACILITIES TOILET FACILITY TRAINS TRANSPORTATION TRUE URBAN AREAS URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN POOR URBAN POVERTY URBANIZATION UTILITIES UTILITY SERVICES VEHICLES WALKING WASTE WATER CONSUMPTION WATER COVERAGE WATER SOURCE WATER SOURCES WATER SUPPLY WATER USE WEALTH Gulyani, Sumila Talukdar, Debabrata Jack, Darby Poverty, Living Conditions, and Infrastructure Access : A Comparison of Slums in Dakar, Johannesburg, and Nairobi |
| description |
In this paper the authors compare
indicators of development, infrastructure, and living
conditions in the slums of Dakar, Nairobi, and Johannesburg
using data from 2004 World Bank surveys. Contrary to the
notion that most African cities face similar slum problems,
find that slums in the three cities differ dramatically from
each other on nearly every indicator examined. Particularly
striking is the weak correlation of measures of income and
human capital with infrastructure access and quality of
living conditions. For example, residents of Dakar's
slums have low levels of education and high levels of
poverty but fairly decent living conditions. By contrast,
most of Nairobi's slum residents have jobs and
comparatively high levels of education, but living
conditions are but extremely bad . And in Johannesburg,
education and unemployment levels are high, but living
conditions are not as bad as in Nairobi. These findings
suggest that reduction in income poverty and improvements in
human development do not automatically translate into
improved infrastructure access or living conditions. Since
not all slum residents are poor, living conditions also vary
within slums depending on poverty status. Compared to their
non-poor neighbors, the poorest residents of Nairobi or
Dakar are less likely to use water (although connection
rates are similar) or have access to basic infrastructure
(such as electricity or a mobile phone). Neighborhood
location is also a powerful explanatory variable for
electricity and water connections, even after controlling
for household characteristics and poverty. Finally, tenants
are less likely than homeowners to have water and
electricity connections. |
| topic_facet |
ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE ACCESS TO SERVICES BASIC SERVICES BOTTLENECKS BUS CAR CITIES CLINICS COLLECTION SYSTEM CRIME CRIMES DEMOGRAPHICS DISABLED PERSONS DISPOSAL SYSTEM DRAINAGE DRINKING WATER DWELLING EMPLOYMENT FEMALE FEMALES GENDER HOMEOWNERS HOMES HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HOUSING UNITS HUMAN CAPITAL INFORMAL HOUSING INFRASTRUCTURE REFORM INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES INTERVENTIONS LITERS PER CAPITA PER DAY LITRES PER DAY LIVING CONDITIONS MODE OF TRANSPORT MODE OF TRANSPORTATION NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOODS OCCUPANCY PIT LATRINE PRIVATE SCHOOL PUBLIC TOILETS PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSIT SERVICES PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION ROAD ROAD FACILITIES ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD SERVICES ROAD SYSTEMS SAFETY SANITATION SCHOOLS SEPTIC TANK SERVICE DELIVERY SETTLEMENT SETTLEMENTS SEWAGE DISPOSAL SLUM SLUM AREAS SLUMS SOCIAL SCIENCE SOURCES OF WATER SQUATTER STREET LIGHTING STREET LIGHTS SUBSTANDARD HOUSING TENANCY TOILET FACILITIES TOILET FACILITY TRAINS TRANSPORTATION TRUE URBAN AREAS URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE URBAN POOR URBAN POVERTY URBANIZATION UTILITIES UTILITY SERVICES VEHICLES WALKING WASTE WATER CONSUMPTION WATER COVERAGE WATER SOURCE WATER SOURCES WATER SUPPLY WATER USE WEALTH |
| author |
Gulyani, Sumila Talukdar, Debabrata Jack, Darby |
| author_facet |
Gulyani, Sumila Talukdar, Debabrata Jack, Darby |
| author_sort |
Gulyani, Sumila |
| title |
Poverty, Living Conditions, and Infrastructure Access : A Comparison of Slums in Dakar, Johannesburg, and Nairobi |
| title_short |
Poverty, Living Conditions, and Infrastructure Access : A Comparison of Slums in Dakar, Johannesburg, and Nairobi |
| title_full |
Poverty, Living Conditions, and Infrastructure Access : A Comparison of Slums in Dakar, Johannesburg, and Nairobi |
| title_fullStr |
Poverty, Living Conditions, and Infrastructure Access : A Comparison of Slums in Dakar, Johannesburg, and Nairobi |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Poverty, Living Conditions, and Infrastructure Access : A Comparison of Slums in Dakar, Johannesburg, and Nairobi |
| title_sort |
poverty, living conditions, and infrastructure access : a comparison of slums in dakar, johannesburg, and nairobi |
| publishDate |
2010-07-01 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20100728143906 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3872 |
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| _version_ |
1807158710010642432 |