Blue Skies, Blue Seas
This book shows how virtually all forms of natural capital, but particularly “blue” natural capital – skies and seas – has been degrading in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the last three decades, and focuses on the three challenges of air pollution, marine plastics, and coastal erosion. MENA’s cities are on average more than 5 times as air-polluted as recommended by the WHO guidelines, and not a single MENA city, which reported data, meets them. MENA’s seas are amongst the most plastics-polluted in international comparison, particularly so the Mediterranean. Coastal erosion relentlessly eats away at the coastline, particularly so in the Maghreb region, where coastal erosion is about 10 times faster than the global average, which is 7 mm per year. This natural capital degradation has effects on people and the economy, which are assessed in this book. In terms of health impacts, ambient air pollution causes about 270,000 premature mortalities each year and is responsible for about 60 days of disease over the lifetime of the average MENA resident. In addition, the book reviews the evidence on the detrimental effects of microplastics, not only for the ecosystem, but also for human health. In terms of livelihood impacts, the effects or marine plastics and coastal erosion are reviewed and the costs to the blue economy, especially the tourism and the fisheries sectors, are assessed. The economic damages from the three priority areas, air pollution, marine plastics, and coastal erosion are estimated to amount to about 3 percent of regional GDP every year. Policy recommendations for getting to clean blue skies and blue seas are prepared. The recommendations elaborate on (a) how monitoring the degradation and providing information about its sources can be improved, (b) how market-based incentives for more sustainable blue resource use can be designed, (c) the kinds of regulatory reforms needed to strengthen institutions, and (d) the types of investments needed to move towards blue skies and blue seas.
Main Authors: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Book biblioteca |
Published: |
Washington, DC: World Bank
2022-02-07
|
Subjects: | NATURAL CAPITAL, BLUE ECONOMY, AIR POLLUTION, MARINE PLASTICS, COASTAL EROSION, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, |
Online Access: | https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/833831644296462061/blue-skies-blue-seas-air-pollution-marine-plastics-and-coastal-erosion-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36912 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
dig-okr-1098636912 |
---|---|
record_format |
koha |
institution |
Banco Mundial |
collection |
DSpace |
country |
Estados Unidos |
countrycode |
US |
component |
Bibliográfico |
access |
En linea |
databasecode |
dig-okr |
tag |
biblioteca |
region |
America del Norte |
libraryname |
Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
topic |
NATURAL CAPITAL BLUE ECONOMY AIR POLLUTION MARINE PLASTICS COASTAL EROSION ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION NATURAL CAPITAL BLUE ECONOMY AIR POLLUTION MARINE PLASTICS COASTAL EROSION ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION |
spellingShingle |
NATURAL CAPITAL BLUE ECONOMY AIR POLLUTION MARINE PLASTICS COASTAL EROSION ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION NATURAL CAPITAL BLUE ECONOMY AIR POLLUTION MARINE PLASTICS COASTAL EROSION ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION Heger, Martin Philipp Vashold, Lukas Palacios, Anabella Alahmadi, Mala Bromhead, Marjory-Anne Acerbi, Marcelo Heger, Martin Philipp Blue Skies, Blue Seas |
description |
This book shows how virtually all forms of natural capital, but particularly “blue” natural capital – skies and seas – has been degrading in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the last three decades, and focuses on the three challenges of air pollution, marine plastics, and coastal erosion. MENA’s cities are on average more than 5 times as air-polluted as recommended by the WHO guidelines, and not a single MENA city, which reported data, meets them. MENA’s seas are amongst the most plastics-polluted in international comparison, particularly so the Mediterranean. Coastal erosion relentlessly eats away at the coastline, particularly so in the Maghreb region, where coastal erosion is about 10 times faster than the global average, which is 7 mm per year. This natural capital degradation has effects on people and the economy, which are assessed in this book. In terms of health impacts, ambient air pollution causes about 270,000 premature mortalities each year and is responsible for about 60 days of disease over the lifetime of the average MENA resident. In addition, the book reviews the evidence on the detrimental effects of microplastics, not only for the ecosystem, but also for human health. In terms of livelihood impacts, the effects or marine plastics and coastal erosion are reviewed and the costs to the blue economy, especially the tourism and the fisheries sectors, are assessed. The economic damages from the three priority areas, air pollution, marine plastics, and coastal erosion are estimated to amount to about 3 percent of regional GDP every year. Policy recommendations for getting to clean blue skies and blue seas are prepared. The recommendations elaborate on (a) how monitoring the degradation and providing information about its sources can be improved, (b) how market-based incentives for more sustainable blue resource use can be designed, (c) the kinds of regulatory reforms needed to strengthen institutions, and (d) the types of investments needed to move towards blue skies and blue seas. |
format |
Book |
topic_facet |
NATURAL CAPITAL BLUE ECONOMY AIR POLLUTION MARINE PLASTICS COASTAL EROSION ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION |
author |
Heger, Martin Philipp Vashold, Lukas Palacios, Anabella Alahmadi, Mala Bromhead, Marjory-Anne Acerbi, Marcelo Heger, Martin Philipp |
author_facet |
Heger, Martin Philipp Vashold, Lukas Palacios, Anabella Alahmadi, Mala Bromhead, Marjory-Anne Acerbi, Marcelo Heger, Martin Philipp |
author_sort |
Heger, Martin Philipp |
title |
Blue Skies, Blue Seas |
title_short |
Blue Skies, Blue Seas |
title_full |
Blue Skies, Blue Seas |
title_fullStr |
Blue Skies, Blue Seas |
title_full_unstemmed |
Blue Skies, Blue Seas |
title_sort |
blue skies, blue seas |
publisher |
Washington, DC: World Bank |
publishDate |
2022-02-07 |
url |
https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/833831644296462061/blue-skies-blue-seas-air-pollution-marine-plastics-and-coastal-erosion-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36912 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT hegermartinphilipp blueskiesblueseas AT vasholdlukas blueskiesblueseas AT palaciosanabella blueskiesblueseas AT alahmadimala blueskiesblueseas AT bromheadmarjoryanne blueskiesblueseas AT acerbimarcelo blueskiesblueseas AT hegermartinphilipp blueskiesblueseas AT hegermartinphilipp cielsbleusmersbleues AT vasholdlukas cielsbleusmersbleues AT palaciosanabella cielsbleusmersbleues AT alahmadimala cielsbleusmersbleues AT bromheadmarjoryanne cielsbleusmersbleues AT acerbimarcelo cielsbleusmersbleues AT hegermartinphilipp cielsbleusmersbleues AT hegermartinphilipp airpollutionmarineplasticsandcoastalerosioninthemiddleeastandnorthafrica AT vasholdlukas airpollutionmarineplasticsandcoastalerosioninthemiddleeastandnorthafrica AT palaciosanabella airpollutionmarineplasticsandcoastalerosioninthemiddleeastandnorthafrica AT alahmadimala airpollutionmarineplasticsandcoastalerosioninthemiddleeastandnorthafrica AT bromheadmarjoryanne airpollutionmarineplasticsandcoastalerosioninthemiddleeastandnorthafrica AT acerbimarcelo airpollutionmarineplasticsandcoastalerosioninthemiddleeastandnorthafrica AT hegermartinphilipp airpollutionmarineplasticsandcoastalerosioninthemiddleeastandnorthafrica AT hegermartinphilipp pollutiondelairpollutionmarineparleplastiqueeterosiondescotesaumoyenorientetenafriquedunord AT vasholdlukas pollutiondelairpollutionmarineparleplastiqueeterosiondescotesaumoyenorientetenafriquedunord AT palaciosanabella pollutiondelairpollutionmarineparleplastiqueeterosiondescotesaumoyenorientetenafriquedunord AT alahmadimala pollutiondelairpollutionmarineparleplastiqueeterosiondescotesaumoyenorientetenafriquedunord AT bromheadmarjoryanne pollutiondelairpollutionmarineparleplastiqueeterosiondescotesaumoyenorientetenafriquedunord AT acerbimarcelo pollutiondelairpollutionmarineparleplastiqueeterosiondescotesaumoyenorientetenafriquedunord AT hegermartinphilipp pollutiondelairpollutionmarineparleplastiqueeterosiondescotesaumoyenorientetenafriquedunord |
_version_ |
1767603939442688000 |
spelling |
dig-okr-10986369122023-04-12T20:28:47Z Blue Skies, Blue Seas Ciels bleus, mers bleues Air Pollution, Marine Plastics, and Coastal Erosion in the Middle East and North Africa Pollution de l’air, pollution marine par le plastique et érosion des côtes au Moyen-Orient et en Afrique du Nord Heger, Martin Philipp Vashold, Lukas Palacios, Anabella Alahmadi, Mala Bromhead, Marjory-Anne Acerbi, Marcelo Heger, Martin Philipp NATURAL CAPITAL BLUE ECONOMY AIR POLLUTION MARINE PLASTICS COASTAL EROSION ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION This book shows how virtually all forms of natural capital, but particularly “blue” natural capital – skies and seas – has been degrading in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region over the last three decades, and focuses on the three challenges of air pollution, marine plastics, and coastal erosion. MENA’s cities are on average more than 5 times as air-polluted as recommended by the WHO guidelines, and not a single MENA city, which reported data, meets them. MENA’s seas are amongst the most plastics-polluted in international comparison, particularly so the Mediterranean. Coastal erosion relentlessly eats away at the coastline, particularly so in the Maghreb region, where coastal erosion is about 10 times faster than the global average, which is 7 mm per year. This natural capital degradation has effects on people and the economy, which are assessed in this book. In terms of health impacts, ambient air pollution causes about 270,000 premature mortalities each year and is responsible for about 60 days of disease over the lifetime of the average MENA resident. In addition, the book reviews the evidence on the detrimental effects of microplastics, not only for the ecosystem, but also for human health. In terms of livelihood impacts, the effects or marine plastics and coastal erosion are reviewed and the costs to the blue economy, especially the tourism and the fisheries sectors, are assessed. The economic damages from the three priority areas, air pollution, marine plastics, and coastal erosion are estimated to amount to about 3 percent of regional GDP every year. Policy recommendations for getting to clean blue skies and blue seas are prepared. The recommendations elaborate on (a) how monitoring the degradation and providing information about its sources can be improved, (b) how market-based incentives for more sustainable blue resource use can be designed, (c) the kinds of regulatory reforms needed to strengthen institutions, and (d) the types of investments needed to move towards blue skies and blue seas. Alors que les indicateurs économiques et sociaux de nombreux pays du Moyen-Orient et d’Afrique du Nord (MENA) se sont améliorés au cours des trois dernières décennies, les atouts naturels bleus de la région - air pur, mers et littoraux sains - se sont dégradés pratiquement partout. Les niveaux de pollution atmosphérique dans les villes de la région sont parmi les plus élevés au monde. La pollution plastique marine par habitant est l’une des plus élevées au monde ; les taux d’érosion côtière sont les deuxièmes plus rapides au monde. Ces défis combinés menacent les communautés locales, les moyens de subsistance et les économies. En fait, le coût économique de la détérioration du ciel et des mers de la région MENA est estimé à plus de 3 % du PIB par an. Le rapport intitulé « Blue Skies, Blue Seas : Air Pollution, Marine Plastics, and Coastal Erosion in the Middle East and North Africa » passe en revue les solutions intégrées que les auteurs appellent les « quatre I » : • Informer les parties prenantes sur les sources de ces défis. • Fournir des incitations qui améliorent les résultats en matière de préservation de l’environnement pour le public et le secteur privé. • Renforcer les institutions afin de réduire la pollution atmosphérique et plastique et d’atténuer le développement incontrôlé et l’érosion côtière. • Investir dans des options de réduction de la pollution et promouvoir des solutions durables. La restauration du bleu du ciel et des mers de la région MENA sera bénéfique pour la santé, les moyens de subsistance et les revenus des habitants. Il y aura inévitablement des arbitrages à faire, mais choisir la voie de la croissance verte permettra de créer des emplois, de diversifier les économies et de faire de la région un endroit meilleur pour les générations actuelles et futures. Les actions des décideurs politiques actuels façonneront les trajectoires de ces économies et de ces communautés pour les décennies à venir. 2022-02-02T21:53:46Z 2022-02-02T21:53:46Z 2022-02-07 Book Livre Libro https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/833831644296462061/blue-skies-blue-seas-air-pollution-marine-plastics-and-coastal-erosion-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa 978-1-4648-1812-7 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/36912 MENA Development Report; CC BY 3.0 IGO World Bank http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf application/pdf Washington, DC: World Bank |