Proposals for WTO Reform : A Synthesis and Assessment
This paper summarizes the major arguments and proposals to reform the modus operandi of the World Trade Organization --including decision-making procedures, negotiating modalities, and dispute settlement. Much has already been done to improve the internal and external transparency of World Trade Organization processes. Some proposals for structural reform ignore incentive constraints and the fact that the World Trade Organization is an incomplete contract that must be self-enforcing. Others -- such as calls for a "critical mass" approach to negotiations --can already be pursued (and have been). The agenda for international cooperation increasingly revolves around "behind-the-border" regulatory externalities that do not necessarily lend themselves to binding commitments in a trade agreement. This suggests a focus on strengthening notification/surveillance and developing more effective mechanisms for dialogue on regulatory policies that may create negative spillovers.
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dig-okr-109863298 |
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koha |
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Banco Mundial |
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Estados Unidos |
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US |
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Bibliográfico |
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En linea |
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dig-okr |
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biblioteca |
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America del Norte |
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Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCESSION ACCESSION PROCESS ADJUDICATING BODIES ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES AGREEMENT ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT AGRICULTURE APPELLATE BODY AVERAGE TARIFFS BALANCE OF CONCESSIONS BALANCE OF RIGHTS BENCHMARK BILATERAL TRADE CIVIL SOCIETY COMMITTEE ON TRADE COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER PROTECTION CONSUMERS CONTRACTING PARTIES COUNCIL FOR TRADE IN GOODS COUNCIL FOR TRADE IN SERVICES CUSTOMS DAMAGES DECISION MAKING DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT DIRECT COMPENSATION DIRECT INVESTMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM DOMESTIC REGULATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC LAW ECONOMIC ORDER ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC THEORIES ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS ENTIRE MEMBERSHIP EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT RESTRAINTS EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL SECTOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREER TRADE FULL EMPLOYMENT GDP GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADING GLOBAL TRADING SYSTEM GLOBAL WELFARE IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT PROTECTION INCENTIVE EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS INEFFICIENCY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE INTERNATIONAL LAW INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADING ENVIRONMENT ITC JOINT VENTURE LDCS LEGAL SYSTEMS LIABILITY LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE MACROECONOMIC POLICY MARKET ACCESS MARKET SEGMENTATION MEMBER COUNTRIES MFN MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCES MINISTERIAL DECISION MINISTERIAL MEETING MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADING SYSTEM NATIONAL TRADE POLICIES NATIONAL WELFARE NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES NEGATIVE SPILLOVERS NONTARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS OPPORTUNITY COST OPPORTUNITY COSTS PANEL STAGE PER CAPITA INCOMES PERMANENT PANEL BODY POLICY CHANGES POLICY MAKERS POLICY REFORM POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RULES POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POVERTY REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRODUCT STANDARDS PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTIONIST POLICIES PUBLIC GOOD QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS RADICAL REFORM REGIONALISM REGULATORY BARRIERS REGULATORY POLICIES REGULATORY POLICY REGULATORY REFORM REGULATORY REGIMES REMEDIES ROUND AGREEMENTS SERVICES TRADE SUPRANATIONAL ENFORCEMENT SURVEILLANCE FUNCTION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARIFF CONCESSIONS TARIFF EQUIVALENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL COOPERATION TERMS OF TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE AREA TRADE COSTS TRADE DISPUTES TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FLOWS TRADE INTEGRATION TRADE ISSUES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY REVIEW MECHANISM TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE THEORIES TRADE THEORY TRADING NATIONS TRADING PARTNERS TRADING SYSTEM TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPARENCY TREATIES UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VALUE JUDGMENTS VALUE OF TRADE VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINTS WEAK ENFORCEMENT WORLD ECONOMY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO WTO ACCESSION WTO AGREEMENTS WTO MEMBERS WTO MEMBERSHIP WTO RULES WTO SECRETARIAT ACCESSION ACCESSION PROCESS ADJUDICATING BODIES ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES AGREEMENT ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT AGRICULTURE APPELLATE BODY AVERAGE TARIFFS BALANCE OF CONCESSIONS BALANCE OF RIGHTS BENCHMARK BILATERAL TRADE CIVIL SOCIETY COMMITTEE ON TRADE COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER PROTECTION CONSUMERS CONTRACTING PARTIES COUNCIL FOR TRADE IN GOODS COUNCIL FOR TRADE IN SERVICES CUSTOMS DAMAGES DECISION MAKING DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT DIRECT COMPENSATION DIRECT INVESTMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM DOMESTIC REGULATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC LAW ECONOMIC ORDER ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC THEORIES ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS ENTIRE MEMBERSHIP EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT RESTRAINTS EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL SECTOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREER TRADE FULL EMPLOYMENT GDP GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADING GLOBAL TRADING SYSTEM GLOBAL WELFARE IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT PROTECTION INCENTIVE EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS INEFFICIENCY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE INTERNATIONAL LAW INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADING ENVIRONMENT ITC JOINT VENTURE LDCS LEGAL SYSTEMS LIABILITY LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE MACROECONOMIC POLICY MARKET ACCESS MARKET SEGMENTATION MEMBER COUNTRIES MFN MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCES MINISTERIAL DECISION MINISTERIAL MEETING MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADING SYSTEM NATIONAL TRADE POLICIES NATIONAL WELFARE NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES NEGATIVE SPILLOVERS NONTARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS OPPORTUNITY COST OPPORTUNITY COSTS PANEL STAGE PER CAPITA INCOMES PERMANENT PANEL BODY POLICY CHANGES POLICY MAKERS POLICY REFORM POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RULES POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POVERTY REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRODUCT STANDARDS PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTIONIST POLICIES PUBLIC GOOD QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS RADICAL REFORM REGIONALISM REGULATORY BARRIERS REGULATORY POLICIES REGULATORY POLICY REGULATORY REFORM REGULATORY REGIMES REMEDIES ROUND AGREEMENTS SERVICES TRADE SUPRANATIONAL ENFORCEMENT SURVEILLANCE FUNCTION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARIFF CONCESSIONS TARIFF EQUIVALENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL COOPERATION TERMS OF TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE AREA TRADE COSTS TRADE DISPUTES TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FLOWS TRADE INTEGRATION TRADE ISSUES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY REVIEW MECHANISM TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE THEORIES TRADE THEORY TRADING NATIONS TRADING PARTNERS TRADING SYSTEM TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPARENCY TREATIES UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VALUE JUDGMENTS VALUE OF TRADE VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINTS WEAK ENFORCEMENT WORLD ECONOMY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO WTO ACCESSION WTO AGREEMENTS WTO MEMBERS WTO MEMBERSHIP WTO RULES WTO SECRETARIAT |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESSION ACCESSION PROCESS ADJUDICATING BODIES ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES AGREEMENT ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT AGRICULTURE APPELLATE BODY AVERAGE TARIFFS BALANCE OF CONCESSIONS BALANCE OF RIGHTS BENCHMARK BILATERAL TRADE CIVIL SOCIETY COMMITTEE ON TRADE COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER PROTECTION CONSUMERS CONTRACTING PARTIES COUNCIL FOR TRADE IN GOODS COUNCIL FOR TRADE IN SERVICES CUSTOMS DAMAGES DECISION MAKING DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT DIRECT COMPENSATION DIRECT INVESTMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM DOMESTIC REGULATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC LAW ECONOMIC ORDER ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC THEORIES ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS ENTIRE MEMBERSHIP EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT RESTRAINTS EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL SECTOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREER TRADE FULL EMPLOYMENT GDP GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADING GLOBAL TRADING SYSTEM GLOBAL WELFARE IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT PROTECTION INCENTIVE EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS INEFFICIENCY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE INTERNATIONAL LAW INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADING ENVIRONMENT ITC JOINT VENTURE LDCS LEGAL SYSTEMS LIABILITY LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE MACROECONOMIC POLICY MARKET ACCESS MARKET SEGMENTATION MEMBER COUNTRIES MFN MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCES MINISTERIAL DECISION MINISTERIAL MEETING MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADING SYSTEM NATIONAL TRADE POLICIES NATIONAL WELFARE NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES NEGATIVE SPILLOVERS NONTARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS OPPORTUNITY COST OPPORTUNITY COSTS PANEL STAGE PER CAPITA INCOMES PERMANENT PANEL BODY POLICY CHANGES POLICY MAKERS POLICY REFORM POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RULES POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POVERTY REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRODUCT STANDARDS PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTIONIST POLICIES PUBLIC GOOD QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS RADICAL REFORM REGIONALISM REGULATORY BARRIERS REGULATORY POLICIES REGULATORY POLICY REGULATORY REFORM REGULATORY REGIMES REMEDIES ROUND AGREEMENTS SERVICES TRADE SUPRANATIONAL ENFORCEMENT SURVEILLANCE FUNCTION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARIFF CONCESSIONS TARIFF EQUIVALENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL COOPERATION TERMS OF TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE AREA TRADE COSTS TRADE DISPUTES TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FLOWS TRADE INTEGRATION TRADE ISSUES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY REVIEW MECHANISM TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE THEORIES TRADE THEORY TRADING NATIONS TRADING PARTNERS TRADING SYSTEM TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPARENCY TREATIES UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VALUE JUDGMENTS VALUE OF TRADE VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINTS WEAK ENFORCEMENT WORLD ECONOMY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO WTO ACCESSION WTO AGREEMENTS WTO MEMBERS WTO MEMBERSHIP WTO RULES WTO SECRETARIAT ACCESSION ACCESSION PROCESS ADJUDICATING BODIES ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES AGREEMENT ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT AGRICULTURE APPELLATE BODY AVERAGE TARIFFS BALANCE OF CONCESSIONS BALANCE OF RIGHTS BENCHMARK BILATERAL TRADE CIVIL SOCIETY COMMITTEE ON TRADE COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER PROTECTION CONSUMERS CONTRACTING PARTIES COUNCIL FOR TRADE IN GOODS COUNCIL FOR TRADE IN SERVICES CUSTOMS DAMAGES DECISION MAKING DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT DIRECT COMPENSATION DIRECT INVESTMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM DOMESTIC REGULATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC LAW ECONOMIC ORDER ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC THEORIES ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS ENTIRE MEMBERSHIP EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT RESTRAINTS EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL SECTOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREER TRADE FULL EMPLOYMENT GDP GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADING GLOBAL TRADING SYSTEM GLOBAL WELFARE IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT PROTECTION INCENTIVE EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS INEFFICIENCY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE INTERNATIONAL LAW INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADING ENVIRONMENT ITC JOINT VENTURE LDCS LEGAL SYSTEMS LIABILITY LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE MACROECONOMIC POLICY MARKET ACCESS MARKET SEGMENTATION MEMBER COUNTRIES MFN MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCES MINISTERIAL DECISION MINISTERIAL MEETING MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADING SYSTEM NATIONAL TRADE POLICIES NATIONAL WELFARE NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES NEGATIVE SPILLOVERS NONTARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS OPPORTUNITY COST OPPORTUNITY COSTS PANEL STAGE PER CAPITA INCOMES PERMANENT PANEL BODY POLICY CHANGES POLICY MAKERS POLICY REFORM POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RULES POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POVERTY REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRODUCT STANDARDS PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTIONIST POLICIES PUBLIC GOOD QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS RADICAL REFORM REGIONALISM REGULATORY BARRIERS REGULATORY POLICIES REGULATORY POLICY REGULATORY REFORM REGULATORY REGIMES REMEDIES ROUND AGREEMENTS SERVICES TRADE SUPRANATIONAL ENFORCEMENT SURVEILLANCE FUNCTION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARIFF CONCESSIONS TARIFF EQUIVALENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL COOPERATION TERMS OF TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE AREA TRADE COSTS TRADE DISPUTES TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FLOWS TRADE INTEGRATION TRADE ISSUES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY REVIEW MECHANISM TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE THEORIES TRADE THEORY TRADING NATIONS TRADING PARTNERS TRADING SYSTEM TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPARENCY TREATIES UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VALUE JUDGMENTS VALUE OF TRADE VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINTS WEAK ENFORCEMENT WORLD ECONOMY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO WTO ACCESSION WTO AGREEMENTS WTO MEMBERS WTO MEMBERSHIP WTO RULES WTO SECRETARIAT Hoekman, Bernard Proposals for WTO Reform : A Synthesis and Assessment |
| description |
This paper summarizes the major
arguments and proposals to reform the modus operandi of the
World Trade Organization --including decision-making
procedures, negotiating modalities, and dispute settlement.
Much has already been done to improve the internal and
external transparency of World Trade Organization processes.
Some proposals for structural reform ignore incentive
constraints and the fact that the World Trade Organization
is an incomplete contract that must be self-enforcing.
Others -- such as calls for a "critical mass"
approach to negotiations --can already be pursued (and have
been). The agenda for international cooperation increasingly
revolves around "behind-the-border" regulatory
externalities that do not necessarily lend themselves to
binding commitments in a trade agreement. This suggests a
focus on strengthening notification/surveillance and
developing more effective mechanisms for dialogue on
regulatory policies that may create negative spillovers. |
| topic_facet |
ACCESSION ACCESSION PROCESS ADJUDICATING BODIES ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES AGREEMENT ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT AGRICULTURE APPELLATE BODY AVERAGE TARIFFS BALANCE OF CONCESSIONS BALANCE OF RIGHTS BENCHMARK BILATERAL TRADE CIVIL SOCIETY COMMITTEE ON TRADE COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER PROTECTION CONSUMERS CONTRACTING PARTIES COUNCIL FOR TRADE IN GOODS COUNCIL FOR TRADE IN SERVICES CUSTOMS DAMAGES DECISION MAKING DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT DIRECT COMPENSATION DIRECT INVESTMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM DOMESTIC REGULATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC LAW ECONOMIC ORDER ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC THEORIES ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS ENTIRE MEMBERSHIP EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT RESTRAINTS EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL SECTOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREER TRADE FULL EMPLOYMENT GDP GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADING GLOBAL TRADING SYSTEM GLOBAL WELFARE IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT PROTECTION INCENTIVE EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS INEFFICIENCY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE INTERNATIONAL LAW INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADING ENVIRONMENT ITC JOINT VENTURE LDCS LEGAL SYSTEMS LIABILITY LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE MACROECONOMIC POLICY MARKET ACCESS MARKET SEGMENTATION MEMBER COUNTRIES MFN MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCES MINISTERIAL DECISION MINISTERIAL MEETING MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADING SYSTEM NATIONAL TRADE POLICIES NATIONAL WELFARE NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES NEGATIVE SPILLOVERS NONTARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS OPPORTUNITY COST OPPORTUNITY COSTS PANEL STAGE PER CAPITA INCOMES PERMANENT PANEL BODY POLICY CHANGES POLICY MAKERS POLICY REFORM POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RULES POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POVERTY REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRODUCT STANDARDS PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTIONIST POLICIES PUBLIC GOOD QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS RADICAL REFORM REGIONALISM REGULATORY BARRIERS REGULATORY POLICIES REGULATORY POLICY REGULATORY REFORM REGULATORY REGIMES REMEDIES ROUND AGREEMENTS SERVICES TRADE SUPRANATIONAL ENFORCEMENT SURVEILLANCE FUNCTION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARIFF CONCESSIONS TARIFF EQUIVALENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL COOPERATION TERMS OF TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE AREA TRADE COSTS TRADE DISPUTES TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FLOWS TRADE INTEGRATION TRADE ISSUES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY REVIEW MECHANISM TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE THEORIES TRADE THEORY TRADING NATIONS TRADING PARTNERS TRADING SYSTEM TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPARENCY TREATIES UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VALUE JUDGMENTS VALUE OF TRADE VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINTS WEAK ENFORCEMENT WORLD ECONOMY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO WTO ACCESSION WTO AGREEMENTS WTO MEMBERS WTO MEMBERSHIP WTO RULES WTO SECRETARIAT |
| author |
Hoekman, Bernard |
| author_facet |
Hoekman, Bernard |
| author_sort |
Hoekman, Bernard |
| title |
Proposals for WTO Reform : A Synthesis and Assessment |
| title_short |
Proposals for WTO Reform : A Synthesis and Assessment |
| title_full |
Proposals for WTO Reform : A Synthesis and Assessment |
| title_fullStr |
Proposals for WTO Reform : A Synthesis and Assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Proposals for WTO Reform : A Synthesis and Assessment |
| title_sort |
proposals for wto reform : a synthesis and assessment |
| publishDate |
2011-01-01 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110110095113 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3298 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT hoekmanbernard proposalsforwtoreformasynthesisandassessment |
| _version_ |
1807154153563095040 |
| spelling |
dig-okr-1098632982024-08-08T15:49:41Z Proposals for WTO Reform : A Synthesis and Assessment Hoekman, Bernard ACCESSION ACCESSION PROCESS ADJUDICATING BODIES ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES AGREEMENT ON GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT AGRICULTURE APPELLATE BODY AVERAGE TARIFFS BALANCE OF CONCESSIONS BALANCE OF RIGHTS BENCHMARK BILATERAL TRADE CIVIL SOCIETY COMMITTEE ON TRADE COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER PROTECTION CONSUMERS CONTRACTING PARTIES COUNCIL FOR TRADE IN GOODS COUNCIL FOR TRADE IN SERVICES CUSTOMS DAMAGES DECISION MAKING DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DEVELOPMENT POLICY DIFFERENTIAL TREATMENT DIRECT COMPENSATION DIRECT INVESTMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT DISPUTE SETTLEMENT BODY DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS DISPUTE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM DOMESTIC REGULATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC LAW ECONOMIC ORDER ECONOMIC RESEARCH ECONOMIC THEORIES ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS ENTIRE MEMBERSHIP EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT RESTRAINTS EXPORTERS EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL SECTOR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS FREER TRADE FULL EMPLOYMENT GDP GLOBAL TRADE GLOBAL TRADING GLOBAL TRADING SYSTEM GLOBAL WELFARE IMPORT BARRIERS IMPORT PROTECTION INCENTIVE EFFECTS INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS INDUSTRIALIZED NATIONS INEFFICIENCY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC LAW INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORDER INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE INTERNATIONAL LAW INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRADING ENVIRONMENT ITC JOINT VENTURE LDCS LEGAL SYSTEMS LIABILITY LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE MACROECONOMIC POLICY MARKET ACCESS MARKET SEGMENTATION MEMBER COUNTRIES MFN MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE MINISTERIAL CONFERENCES MINISTERIAL DECISION MINISTERIAL MEETING MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS MULTILATERAL NEGOTIATIONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADING SYSTEM NATIONAL TRADE POLICIES NATIONAL WELFARE NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES NEGATIVE SPILLOVERS NONTARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS OPPORTUNITY COST OPPORTUNITY COSTS PANEL STAGE PER CAPITA INCOMES PERMANENT PANEL BODY POLICY CHANGES POLICY MAKERS POLICY REFORM POLICY REFORMS POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RULES POLITICAL ECONOMY POOR COUNTRIES POVERTY REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRODUCT STANDARDS PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTIONIST POLICIES PUBLIC GOOD QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS RADICAL REFORM REGIONALISM REGULATORY BARRIERS REGULATORY POLICIES REGULATORY POLICY REGULATORY REFORM REGULATORY REGIMES REMEDIES ROUND AGREEMENTS SERVICES TRADE SUPRANATIONAL ENFORCEMENT SURVEILLANCE FUNCTION SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TARIFF CONCESSIONS TARIFF EQUIVALENT TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL COOPERATION TERMS OF TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE AGREEMENTS TRADE AREA TRADE COSTS TRADE DISPUTES TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FLOWS TRADE INTEGRATION TRADE ISSUES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY REVIEW MECHANISM TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE THEORIES TRADE THEORY TRADING NATIONS TRADING PARTNERS TRADING SYSTEM TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPARENCY TREATIES UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VALUE JUDGMENTS VALUE OF TRADE VOLUNTARY EXPORT RESTRAINTS WEAK ENFORCEMENT WORLD ECONOMY WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO WTO ACCESSION WTO AGREEMENTS WTO MEMBERS WTO MEMBERSHIP WTO RULES WTO SECRETARIAT This paper summarizes the major arguments and proposals to reform the modus operandi of the World Trade Organization --including decision-making procedures, negotiating modalities, and dispute settlement. Much has already been done to improve the internal and external transparency of World Trade Organization processes. Some proposals for structural reform ignore incentive constraints and the fact that the World Trade Organization is an incomplete contract that must be self-enforcing. Others -- such as calls for a "critical mass" approach to negotiations --can already be pursued (and have been). The agenda for international cooperation increasingly revolves around "behind-the-border" regulatory externalities that do not necessarily lend themselves to binding commitments in a trade agreement. This suggests a focus on strengthening notification/surveillance and developing more effective mechanisms for dialogue on regulatory policies that may create negative spillovers. 2012-03-19T17:59:47Z 2012-03-19T17:59:47Z 2011-01-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110110095113 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3298 English Policy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5525 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain |