Electrification and Women's Empowerment
Electrification has been shown to accelerate opportunities for women by moving them into more productive activities, but whether improvements in economic outcomes also change gender norms and practices within the household remains unclear. This paper investigates the causal link between electricity access and women's empowerment, using a large gender-disaggregated data set on India. Empowerment is measured by women's decision-making ability, mobility, financial autonomy, reproductive freedom, and social participation. Using propensity score matching, the study finds that electrification enhances all measures of women's empowerment and is associated with an 11-percentage point increase in the overall empowerment index. Employment and education are identified as the two most important causal channels through which electrification enables empowerment.
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| Format: | Working Paper biblioteca |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2019-03
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| Subjects: | ELECTRIFICATION, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT, INTRA-HOUSEHOLD BARGAINING, GENDER NORMS, MOBILITY, EMPLOYMENT, EDUCATION, |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/112131553786901131/Electrification-and-Womens-Empowerment-Evidence-from-Rural-India https://hdl.handle.net/10986/31491 |
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dig-okr-10986314912024-08-09T07:08:53Z Electrification and Women's Empowerment Evidence from Rural India Zhang, Fan Samad, Hussain ELECTRIFICATION RURAL ELECTRIFICATION WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT INTRA-HOUSEHOLD BARGAINING GENDER NORMS MOBILITY EMPLOYMENT EDUCATION Electrification has been shown to accelerate opportunities for women by moving them into more productive activities, but whether improvements in economic outcomes also change gender norms and practices within the household remains unclear. This paper investigates the causal link between electricity access and women's empowerment, using a large gender-disaggregated data set on India. Empowerment is measured by women's decision-making ability, mobility, financial autonomy, reproductive freedom, and social participation. Using propensity score matching, the study finds that electrification enhances all measures of women's empowerment and is associated with an 11-percentage point increase in the overall empowerment index. Employment and education are identified as the two most important causal channels through which electrification enables empowerment. 2019-04-03T15:36:00Z 2019-04-03T15:36:00Z 2019-03 Working Paper Document de travail Documento de trabajo http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/112131553786901131/Electrification-and-Womens-Empowerment-Evidence-from-Rural-India https://hdl.handle.net/10986/31491 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 8796 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank application/pdf World Bank, Washington, DC |
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| component |
Bibliográfico |
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| databasecode |
dig-okr |
| tag |
biblioteca |
| region |
America del Norte |
| libraryname |
Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ELECTRIFICATION RURAL ELECTRIFICATION WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT INTRA-HOUSEHOLD BARGAINING GENDER NORMS MOBILITY EMPLOYMENT EDUCATION ELECTRIFICATION RURAL ELECTRIFICATION WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT INTRA-HOUSEHOLD BARGAINING GENDER NORMS MOBILITY EMPLOYMENT EDUCATION |
| spellingShingle |
ELECTRIFICATION RURAL ELECTRIFICATION WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT INTRA-HOUSEHOLD BARGAINING GENDER NORMS MOBILITY EMPLOYMENT EDUCATION ELECTRIFICATION RURAL ELECTRIFICATION WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT INTRA-HOUSEHOLD BARGAINING GENDER NORMS MOBILITY EMPLOYMENT EDUCATION Zhang, Fan Samad, Hussain Electrification and Women's Empowerment |
| description |
Electrification has been shown to
accelerate opportunities for women by moving them into more
productive activities, but whether improvements in economic
outcomes also change gender norms and practices within the
household remains unclear. This paper investigates the
causal link between electricity access and women's
empowerment, using a large gender-disaggregated data set on
India. Empowerment is measured by women's
decision-making ability, mobility, financial autonomy,
reproductive freedom, and social participation. Using
propensity score matching, the study finds that
electrification enhances all measures of women's
empowerment and is associated with an 11-percentage point
increase in the overall empowerment index. Employment and
education are identified as the two most important causal
channels through which electrification enables empowerment. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| topic_facet |
ELECTRIFICATION RURAL ELECTRIFICATION WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT INTRA-HOUSEHOLD BARGAINING GENDER NORMS MOBILITY EMPLOYMENT EDUCATION |
| author |
Zhang, Fan Samad, Hussain |
| author_facet |
Zhang, Fan Samad, Hussain |
| author_sort |
Zhang, Fan |
| title |
Electrification and Women's Empowerment |
| title_short |
Electrification and Women's Empowerment |
| title_full |
Electrification and Women's Empowerment |
| title_fullStr |
Electrification and Women's Empowerment |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Electrification and Women's Empowerment |
| title_sort |
electrification and women's empowerment |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2019-03 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/112131553786901131/Electrification-and-Womens-Empowerment-Evidence-from-Rural-India https://hdl.handle.net/10986/31491 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT zhangfan electrificationandwomensempowerment AT samadhussain electrificationandwomensempowerment AT zhangfan evidencefromruralindia AT samadhussain evidencefromruralindia |
| _version_ |
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