Latin America - Determinants of Regional Welfare Disparities within Latin American Countries : Synthesis

This study analyzes the complicated and dynamic nature of welfare differences across space. The objectives are two-fold. First, the study seeks to provide a methodological framework useful for investigating the determinants of the observed differences in the standards of living between two regions at a given point in time. Second, it aims to provide empirical evidence on regional welfare differences to inform the policy debate surrounding regional inequalities within countries. Chapter two sets the stage by presenting the poverty profiles within and between regions in each of the eight countries in study. Chapter three reviews the methodology, based on the Oaxaca-Blinder (1973) decomposition method used to asses the relative size of the concentration and geography effect in welfare differences across regions/areas. Chapter four reports the findings from various comparisons conducted between urban and rural areas within regions, and urban vs. urban (or rural vs. rural) areas between regions. Chapter five focuses on the role of internal migration within Latin America (LAC) countries. Chapter six summarizes the available empirical evidence regarding the poverty and welfare impacts of the two most distinct types interventions associated with the concentration and the geography views: conditional cash transfers; and territorial development strategies. Chapter seven summarizes findings and discusses some of their main policy implications.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Skoufias, Emmanuel, Lopez-Acevedo, Gladys
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2009-05-01
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE POVERTY, ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE, ACCESS TO INFRASTRUCTURE, ACCESS TO MARKETS, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BASIC NEEDS, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, CAPITAL FLOWS, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS, CASH TRANSFERS, COMMUNITIES OF ORIGIN, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, CONCENTRATION OF PEOPLE, CONFLICT, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA, CREDIT MARKETS, CULTURAL VALUES, DATA ISSUES, DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION, DEPENDENCY RATIOS, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, DEVELOPMENT REPORT, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DISCRIMINATION, DISSEMINATION, EARNINGS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY, ECONOMIC STAGNATION, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EDUCATED WORKERS, EDUCATION LEVEL, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITIES, EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY, ESTIMATED COEFFICIENTS, ETHNIC GROUP, EXPENDITURE, EXTREME POVERTY, FAMILIES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY WELFARE, FARMING ACTIVITIES, FORMAL EDUCATION, GINI INDEX, GROWTH DETERMINANTS, GROWTH PROSPECTS, GROWTH RATE, HEADCOUNT POVERTY, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH SERVICES, HIGH POVERTY, HIGHER EDUCATION LEVELS, HOUSEHOLD BUDGET, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA, HOUSEHOLD DATA, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN CAPITAL ASSETS, HUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS, IMMIGRATION, IMPACT OF MIGRATION, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME GROWTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INEQUALITY, INSURANCE, INTERNAL MIGRANTS, INTERNAL MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR MOBILITY, LEGAL STATUS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIVING CONDITIONS, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL ECONOMY, LONG RUN, MARKET FAILURES, MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY, MIGRANT, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION FLOWS, MINORITY, MINORITY ETHNIC GROUP, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POVERTY, NATIONAL POVERTY LINES, NEOCLASSICAL GROWTH MODEL, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUTRITION, PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE, PLACE OF RESIDENCE, POLICY DEBATE, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POOR, POOR AREA, POOR AREAS, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PEOPLE, POORER AREAS, POORER HOUSEHOLDS, POPULATION CONCENTRATION, POPULATION DENSITY, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY ASSESSMENTS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY PROFILES, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, PROGRESS, PUBLIC CREDITS, PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC POLICIES, PUBLIC SERVICES, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, REGIONAL DISPARITIES, REGIONAL INEQUALITIES, REGIONAL INEQUALITY, REGIONAL INITIATIVES, REMITTANCES, REMOTE AREAS, RURAL, RURAL AREA, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DIFFERENCES, RURAL DISPARITIES, RURAL DIVIDE, RURAL DWELLERS, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY LEVELS, RURAL POVERTY RATE, RURAL POVERTY RATES, RURAL REGIONS, RURAL SETTINGS, RURAL WELFARE, SANITATION, SAVINGS, SCHOOLING, SEGMENTS OF SOCIETY, SIGNIFICANT EFFECT, SKILLED MIGRANTS, SOCIAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL CUSTOMS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL INEQUALITY, SOCIAL NETWORK, SOCIAL NETWORKS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SPOUSE, TARGETING, TAX INCENTIVES, TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT, TOLERANCE, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, URBAN AREA, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTER, URBAN DWELLERS, URBAN POVERTY, URBAN-RURAL DISPARITIES, URBANIZATION, WAGE DIFFERENTIAL, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, WAGE PREMIUM, WELFARE DISTRIBUTION, YOUNG PEOPLE,
Online Access:	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333038_20090608233721 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/3048
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