Republic of Serbia Financial Sector Assessment Program Update

Nonperforming Loans (NPLs) in the banking system constituted 16.5 percent of total loans, owing primarily to the corporate sector. The Credit Bureau, maintained by the Association of Serbian Banks, also discloses dramatic increases in corporate and retail defaults over the past year. NPL resolution and loan loss mitigation is hampered by a still evolving but uneven collateral and enforcement framework that complicates restructuring and leads to delays and lower recoveries in execution procedures. Corporate debt resolution is further complicated by a pattern of corporate misconduct designed to circumvent a creditor's legitimate enforcement rights. This is particularly acute in response to account blockages. In an effort to survive, business owners frequently engage in a pattern of corporate fraud to avoid their legitimate obligations by creating alter ego or shell companies through which to conduct their ongoing business activities, with all funds passing through the new legal entity. That entity is free from debt and can open bank accounts, engage in contracts, and carry on business as usual using the corporate assets of the prior legal entity under cleverly disguised lease or contractual use obligations. In most modern economies, such practices constitute fraud or fraudulent transfers that can carry stiff penalties, including loss of business privileges. Other reported abuses include applying for voluntary dissolution during which the owner or a friendly receiver continues to operate the business for years in an apparent wind-down of the business, while ignoring creditor claims.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: International Monetary Fund, World Bank
Format: Report biblioteca
Language:English
en_US
Published: Washington, DC 2009-10
Subjects:ACCURATE INFORMATION, ACTIONS BY CREDITORS, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, AFFECTED CREDITORS, AGRICULTURAL LOANS, ARREARAGES, ASSET MANAGEMENT, ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY, ASSET SALES, ASSETS, AUCTION PROCEDURES, BALANCE SHEET, BANK ACCOUNTS, BANK CREDITORS, BANK CREDITS, BANK DEBT, BANKING SYSTEM, BANKRUPTCY, BANKRUPTCY CASES, BANKRUPTCY COMMENCEMENT, BANKRUPTCY LAW, BANKRUPTCY LAW AMENDMENTS, BANKRUPTCY LAWS, BANKRUPTCY PETITION, BANKRUPTCY PROCESS, BILLS OF EXCHANGE, BORROWER, CADASTRE, CAPITAL MARKETS, CASH COLLATERAL, CASH MANAGEMENT, CLAIM, CLASSES OF CREDITORS, COLLATERAL, COLLECTION OF DEBTS, COMMERCIAL COURT, COMPANY LAW, CORPORATE BANKRUPTCY, CORPORATE DEBT, CORPORATE DEBTS, CORPORATE DISTRESS, CORPORATE FINANCIAL DISTRESS, CORPORATE FRAUD, CORPORATE INSOLVENCY, CORPORATE INSOLVENCY LAW, CORPORATE LAW, CORPORATE REORGANIZATIONS, CORPORATE WORKOUT, COURT AGREEMENTS, COURT APPROVAL, COURT DECISIONS, COURT PRACTICES, COURT PROCEEDINGS, COURT RULINGS, COURT SYSTEM, CREDIT BUREAU, CREDIT CULTURE, CREDIT PROVIDERS, CREDITOR, CREDITOR APPROVAL, CREDITOR BODY, CREDITOR CLAIMS, CREDITOR PASSIVITY, CREDITOR PROTECTIONS, CREDITOR RIGHTS, CREDITOR RIGHTS SYSTEMS, CREDITORS, CREDITORS COMMITTEE, CREDITS, DEBT COLLECTION, DEBT FORGIVENESS, DEBT RECOVERY, DEBT RESCHEDULING, DEBT RESOLUTION, DEBT RESTRUCTURING, DEBT RESTRUCTURING MECHANISMS, DEBTOR, DEBTORS, DEBTS, DEFAULTS, DEPOSIT, DEPOSIT INSURANCE, DEPOSIT INSURANCE FUND, DISPOSITION, DISPOSITIONS, DISSOLUTION, DISTRESSED ASSETS, DISTRESSED COMPANIES, DISTRESSED ENTERPRISES, DISTRIBUTIONS TO CREDITORS, EFFECTIVE INSOLVENCY, ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS, ENFORCEMENT METHODS, ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURE, ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES, ENFORCEMENT RIGHTS, ENFORCEMENT SYSTEMS, EQUITY SWAPS, ESTATE, EVENT OF DEFAULT, EXISTING CREDIT, FINANCIAL CRISES, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY, FINANCIAL DISTRESS, FINANCIAL HEALTH, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES, FINANCIAL PROBLEMS, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, FORECLOSURE PROCEDURES, FORECLOSURE PROCESS, FOREIGN BANK, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FORMAL BANKRUPTCY, FORMAL INSOLVENCY, FRAUD, FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS, GOOD FAITH, HOLDING, HOUSEHOLD DEBT, IMMOVABLE PROPERTY, INDEBTEDNESS, INFORMAL ARRANGEMENTS, INFORMAL WORKOUT, INFORMAL WORKOUT PROCEDURES, INJUNCTIONS, INSOLVENCY, INSOLVENCY CASES, INSOLVENCY LAWS, INSOLVENCY MECHANISMS, INSOLVENCY PROCESS, INTERNATIONAL BANK, INVOLUNTARY BANKRUPTCY, JUDGMENT, JUDICIAL FORECLOSURE, JUDICIAL FORECLOSURES, JUDICIAL RESOLUTION, LAND AS COLLATERAL, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND RECORDS, LEGAL ENVIRONMENT, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, LEGAL PROCEEDINGS, LEGAL REMEDIES, LEGAL SYSTEM, LEGAL SYSTEMS, LEGITIMATE CLAIMS, LENDER, LENDERS, LIABILITY, LIQUIDATION, LIQUIDITY, LOAN, LOAN LOSS, LOAN MARKET, MAJORITY OF CREDITORS, MINORITY CREDITORS, MONETARY FUND, MORTGAGE, MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE, MORTGAGES, MOVABLE ASSETS, NATIONAL BANK, NEGOTIATION, NEGOTIATIONS, NONPERFORMING LOANS, NPL, OPEN BANK, ORDERLY EXIT, OUT-OF-COURT SETTLEMENTS, OUT-OF-COURT WORKOUT, OVERDUE DEBT, OWNERSHIP DATA, OWNERSHIP RIGHTS, PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS, PENALTIES, PENDING BANKRUPTCY, PETITIONING CREDITORS, PLEDGE LAW, PLEDGES, POSSESSION, POSSIBLE BANKRUPTCY, PRIOR LAW, PRIVATE REGISTRY, PROCEDURES FOR BANKRUPTCY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC AUCTIONS, RECEIVER, RECEIVERS, RECEIVERSHIP, RECOVERY RATE, RECOVERY RATES, REGISTRY SYSTEM, REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS, REORGANIZATION, REORGANIZATION PLAN, REORGANIZATION PLANS, REORGANIZATION PROCEDURE, REORGANIZATION PROCEDURES, REORGANIZATION PROCESS, REORGANIZATIONS, REPAYMENT, REPRESENTATIVE OF CREDITORS, RESOLUTION MECHANISMS, RESTRUCTURING PLAN, RETAIL DEBT, RIGHTS OF CREDITORS, SETTLEMENT, SIMILARLY SITUATED CREDITORS, SMALL BUSINESSES, SOLVENT, STATE BANKS, TOTAL DEBT, TRANSPARENCY, WORKOUT, WORKOUT AGREEMENTS, WORKOUTS, WRIT OF EXECUTION,
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/996791468103149002/Serbia-Corporate-and-household-debt-restructuring-technical-note
https://hdl.handle.net/10986/28121
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countrycode US
component Bibliográfico
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databasecode dig-okr
tag biblioteca
region America del Norte
libraryname Biblioteca del Banco Mundial
language English
en_US
topic ACCURATE INFORMATION
ACTIONS BY CREDITORS
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
AFFECTED CREDITORS
AGRICULTURAL LOANS
ARREARAGES
ASSET MANAGEMENT
ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY
ASSET SALES
ASSETS
AUCTION PROCEDURES
BALANCE SHEET
BANK ACCOUNTS
BANK CREDITORS
BANK CREDITS
BANK DEBT
BANKING SYSTEM
BANKRUPTCY
BANKRUPTCY CASES
BANKRUPTCY COMMENCEMENT
BANKRUPTCY LAW
BANKRUPTCY LAW AMENDMENTS
BANKRUPTCY LAWS
BANKRUPTCY PETITION
BANKRUPTCY PROCESS
BILLS OF EXCHANGE
BORROWER
CADASTRE
CAPITAL MARKETS
CASH COLLATERAL
CASH MANAGEMENT
CLAIM
CLASSES OF CREDITORS
COLLATERAL
COLLECTION OF DEBTS
COMMERCIAL COURT
COMPANY LAW
CORPORATE BANKRUPTCY
CORPORATE DEBT
CORPORATE DEBTS
CORPORATE DISTRESS
CORPORATE FINANCIAL DISTRESS
CORPORATE FRAUD
CORPORATE INSOLVENCY
CORPORATE INSOLVENCY LAW
CORPORATE LAW
CORPORATE REORGANIZATIONS
CORPORATE WORKOUT
COURT AGREEMENTS
COURT APPROVAL
COURT DECISIONS
COURT PRACTICES
COURT PROCEEDINGS
COURT RULINGS
COURT SYSTEM
CREDIT BUREAU
CREDIT CULTURE
CREDIT PROVIDERS
CREDITOR
CREDITOR APPROVAL
CREDITOR BODY
CREDITOR CLAIMS
CREDITOR PASSIVITY
CREDITOR PROTECTIONS
CREDITOR RIGHTS
CREDITOR RIGHTS SYSTEMS
CREDITORS
CREDITORS COMMITTEE
CREDITS
DEBT COLLECTION
DEBT FORGIVENESS
DEBT RECOVERY
DEBT RESCHEDULING
DEBT RESOLUTION
DEBT RESTRUCTURING
DEBT RESTRUCTURING MECHANISMS
DEBTOR
DEBTORS
DEBTS
DEFAULTS
DEPOSIT
DEPOSIT INSURANCE
DEPOSIT INSURANCE FUND
DISPOSITION
DISPOSITIONS
DISSOLUTION
DISTRESSED ASSETS
DISTRESSED COMPANIES
DISTRESSED ENTERPRISES
DISTRIBUTIONS TO CREDITORS
EFFECTIVE INSOLVENCY
ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
ENFORCEMENT METHODS
ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURE
ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES
ENFORCEMENT RIGHTS
ENFORCEMENT SYSTEMS
EQUITY SWAPS
ESTATE
EVENT OF DEFAULT
EXISTING CREDIT
FINANCIAL CRISES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY
FINANCIAL DISTRESS
FINANCIAL HEALTH
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL PROBLEMS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FORECLOSURE PROCEDURES
FORECLOSURE PROCESS
FOREIGN BANK
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FORMAL BANKRUPTCY
FORMAL INSOLVENCY
FRAUD
FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS
GOOD FAITH
HOLDING
HOUSEHOLD DEBT
IMMOVABLE PROPERTY
INDEBTEDNESS
INFORMAL ARRANGEMENTS
INFORMAL WORKOUT
INFORMAL WORKOUT PROCEDURES
INJUNCTIONS
INSOLVENCY
INSOLVENCY CASES
INSOLVENCY LAWS
INSOLVENCY MECHANISMS
INSOLVENCY PROCESS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INVOLUNTARY BANKRUPTCY
JUDGMENT
JUDICIAL FORECLOSURE
JUDICIAL FORECLOSURES
JUDICIAL RESOLUTION
LAND AS COLLATERAL
LAND OWNERSHIP
LAND RECORDS
LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
LEGAL REMEDIES
LEGAL SYSTEM
LEGAL SYSTEMS
LEGITIMATE CLAIMS
LENDER
LENDERS
LIABILITY
LIQUIDATION
LIQUIDITY
LOAN
LOAN LOSS
LOAN MARKET
MAJORITY OF CREDITORS
MINORITY CREDITORS
MONETARY FUND
MORTGAGE
MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE
MORTGAGES
MOVABLE ASSETS
NATIONAL BANK
NEGOTIATION
NEGOTIATIONS
NONPERFORMING LOANS
NPL
OPEN BANK
ORDERLY EXIT
OUT-OF-COURT SETTLEMENTS
OUT-OF-COURT WORKOUT
OVERDUE DEBT
OWNERSHIP DATA
OWNERSHIP RIGHTS
PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS
PENALTIES
PENDING BANKRUPTCY
PETITIONING CREDITORS
PLEDGE LAW
PLEDGES
POSSESSION
POSSIBLE BANKRUPTCY
PRIOR LAW
PRIVATE REGISTRY
PROCEDURES FOR BANKRUPTCY
PROPERTY RIGHTS
PUBLIC AUCTIONS
RECEIVER
RECEIVERS
RECEIVERSHIP
RECOVERY RATE
RECOVERY RATES
REGISTRY SYSTEM
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
REORGANIZATION
REORGANIZATION PLAN
REORGANIZATION PLANS
REORGANIZATION PROCEDURE
REORGANIZATION PROCEDURES
REORGANIZATION PROCESS
REORGANIZATIONS
REPAYMENT
REPRESENTATIVE OF CREDITORS
RESOLUTION MECHANISMS
RESTRUCTURING PLAN
RETAIL DEBT
RIGHTS OF CREDITORS
SETTLEMENT
SIMILARLY SITUATED CREDITORS
SMALL BUSINESSES
SOLVENT
STATE BANKS
TOTAL DEBT
TRANSPARENCY
WORKOUT
WORKOUT AGREEMENTS
WORKOUTS
WRIT OF EXECUTION
ACCURATE INFORMATION
ACTIONS BY CREDITORS
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
AFFECTED CREDITORS
AGRICULTURAL LOANS
ARREARAGES
ASSET MANAGEMENT
ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY
ASSET SALES
ASSETS
AUCTION PROCEDURES
BALANCE SHEET
BANK ACCOUNTS
BANK CREDITORS
BANK CREDITS
BANK DEBT
BANKING SYSTEM
BANKRUPTCY
BANKRUPTCY CASES
BANKRUPTCY COMMENCEMENT
BANKRUPTCY LAW
BANKRUPTCY LAW AMENDMENTS
BANKRUPTCY LAWS
BANKRUPTCY PETITION
BANKRUPTCY PROCESS
BILLS OF EXCHANGE
BORROWER
CADASTRE
CAPITAL MARKETS
CASH COLLATERAL
CASH MANAGEMENT
CLAIM
CLASSES OF CREDITORS
COLLATERAL
COLLECTION OF DEBTS
COMMERCIAL COURT
COMPANY LAW
CORPORATE BANKRUPTCY
CORPORATE DEBT
CORPORATE DEBTS
CORPORATE DISTRESS
CORPORATE FINANCIAL DISTRESS
CORPORATE FRAUD
CORPORATE INSOLVENCY
CORPORATE INSOLVENCY LAW
CORPORATE LAW
CORPORATE REORGANIZATIONS
CORPORATE WORKOUT
COURT AGREEMENTS
COURT APPROVAL
COURT DECISIONS
COURT PRACTICES
COURT PROCEEDINGS
COURT RULINGS
COURT SYSTEM
CREDIT BUREAU
CREDIT CULTURE
CREDIT PROVIDERS
CREDITOR
CREDITOR APPROVAL
CREDITOR BODY
CREDITOR CLAIMS
CREDITOR PASSIVITY
CREDITOR PROTECTIONS
CREDITOR RIGHTS
CREDITOR RIGHTS SYSTEMS
CREDITORS
CREDITORS COMMITTEE
CREDITS
DEBT COLLECTION
DEBT FORGIVENESS
DEBT RECOVERY
DEBT RESCHEDULING
DEBT RESOLUTION
DEBT RESTRUCTURING
DEBT RESTRUCTURING MECHANISMS
DEBTOR
DEBTORS
DEBTS
DEFAULTS
DEPOSIT
DEPOSIT INSURANCE
DEPOSIT INSURANCE FUND
DISPOSITION
DISPOSITIONS
DISSOLUTION
DISTRESSED ASSETS
DISTRESSED COMPANIES
DISTRESSED ENTERPRISES
DISTRIBUTIONS TO CREDITORS
EFFECTIVE INSOLVENCY
ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
ENFORCEMENT METHODS
ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURE
ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES
ENFORCEMENT RIGHTS
ENFORCEMENT SYSTEMS
EQUITY SWAPS
ESTATE
EVENT OF DEFAULT
EXISTING CREDIT
FINANCIAL CRISES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY
FINANCIAL DISTRESS
FINANCIAL HEALTH
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL PROBLEMS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FORECLOSURE PROCEDURES
FORECLOSURE PROCESS
FOREIGN BANK
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FORMAL BANKRUPTCY
FORMAL INSOLVENCY
FRAUD
FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS
GOOD FAITH
HOLDING
HOUSEHOLD DEBT
IMMOVABLE PROPERTY
INDEBTEDNESS
INFORMAL ARRANGEMENTS
INFORMAL WORKOUT
INFORMAL WORKOUT PROCEDURES
INJUNCTIONS
INSOLVENCY
INSOLVENCY CASES
INSOLVENCY LAWS
INSOLVENCY MECHANISMS
INSOLVENCY PROCESS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INVOLUNTARY BANKRUPTCY
JUDGMENT
JUDICIAL FORECLOSURE
JUDICIAL FORECLOSURES
JUDICIAL RESOLUTION
LAND AS COLLATERAL
LAND OWNERSHIP
LAND RECORDS
LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
LEGAL REMEDIES
LEGAL SYSTEM
LEGAL SYSTEMS
LEGITIMATE CLAIMS
LENDER
LENDERS
LIABILITY
LIQUIDATION
LIQUIDITY
LOAN
LOAN LOSS
LOAN MARKET
MAJORITY OF CREDITORS
MINORITY CREDITORS
MONETARY FUND
MORTGAGE
MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE
MORTGAGES
MOVABLE ASSETS
NATIONAL BANK
NEGOTIATION
NEGOTIATIONS
NONPERFORMING LOANS
NPL
OPEN BANK
ORDERLY EXIT
OUT-OF-COURT SETTLEMENTS
OUT-OF-COURT WORKOUT
OVERDUE DEBT
OWNERSHIP DATA
OWNERSHIP RIGHTS
PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS
PENALTIES
PENDING BANKRUPTCY
PETITIONING CREDITORS
PLEDGE LAW
PLEDGES
POSSESSION
POSSIBLE BANKRUPTCY
PRIOR LAW
PRIVATE REGISTRY
PROCEDURES FOR BANKRUPTCY
PROPERTY RIGHTS
PUBLIC AUCTIONS
RECEIVER
RECEIVERS
RECEIVERSHIP
RECOVERY RATE
RECOVERY RATES
REGISTRY SYSTEM
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
REORGANIZATION
REORGANIZATION PLAN
REORGANIZATION PLANS
REORGANIZATION PROCEDURE
REORGANIZATION PROCEDURES
REORGANIZATION PROCESS
REORGANIZATIONS
REPAYMENT
REPRESENTATIVE OF CREDITORS
RESOLUTION MECHANISMS
RESTRUCTURING PLAN
RETAIL DEBT
RIGHTS OF CREDITORS
SETTLEMENT
SIMILARLY SITUATED CREDITORS
SMALL BUSINESSES
SOLVENT
STATE BANKS
TOTAL DEBT
TRANSPARENCY
WORKOUT
WORKOUT AGREEMENTS
WORKOUTS
WRIT OF EXECUTION
spellingShingle ACCURATE INFORMATION
ACTIONS BY CREDITORS
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
AFFECTED CREDITORS
AGRICULTURAL LOANS
ARREARAGES
ASSET MANAGEMENT
ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY
ASSET SALES
ASSETS
AUCTION PROCEDURES
BALANCE SHEET
BANK ACCOUNTS
BANK CREDITORS
BANK CREDITS
BANK DEBT
BANKING SYSTEM
BANKRUPTCY
BANKRUPTCY CASES
BANKRUPTCY COMMENCEMENT
BANKRUPTCY LAW
BANKRUPTCY LAW AMENDMENTS
BANKRUPTCY LAWS
BANKRUPTCY PETITION
BANKRUPTCY PROCESS
BILLS OF EXCHANGE
BORROWER
CADASTRE
CAPITAL MARKETS
CASH COLLATERAL
CASH MANAGEMENT
CLAIM
CLASSES OF CREDITORS
COLLATERAL
COLLECTION OF DEBTS
COMMERCIAL COURT
COMPANY LAW
CORPORATE BANKRUPTCY
CORPORATE DEBT
CORPORATE DEBTS
CORPORATE DISTRESS
CORPORATE FINANCIAL DISTRESS
CORPORATE FRAUD
CORPORATE INSOLVENCY
CORPORATE INSOLVENCY LAW
CORPORATE LAW
CORPORATE REORGANIZATIONS
CORPORATE WORKOUT
COURT AGREEMENTS
COURT APPROVAL
COURT DECISIONS
COURT PRACTICES
COURT PROCEEDINGS
COURT RULINGS
COURT SYSTEM
CREDIT BUREAU
CREDIT CULTURE
CREDIT PROVIDERS
CREDITOR
CREDITOR APPROVAL
CREDITOR BODY
CREDITOR CLAIMS
CREDITOR PASSIVITY
CREDITOR PROTECTIONS
CREDITOR RIGHTS
CREDITOR RIGHTS SYSTEMS
CREDITORS
CREDITORS COMMITTEE
CREDITS
DEBT COLLECTION
DEBT FORGIVENESS
DEBT RECOVERY
DEBT RESCHEDULING
DEBT RESOLUTION
DEBT RESTRUCTURING
DEBT RESTRUCTURING MECHANISMS
DEBTOR
DEBTORS
DEBTS
DEFAULTS
DEPOSIT
DEPOSIT INSURANCE
DEPOSIT INSURANCE FUND
DISPOSITION
DISPOSITIONS
DISSOLUTION
DISTRESSED ASSETS
DISTRESSED COMPANIES
DISTRESSED ENTERPRISES
DISTRIBUTIONS TO CREDITORS
EFFECTIVE INSOLVENCY
ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
ENFORCEMENT METHODS
ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURE
ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES
ENFORCEMENT RIGHTS
ENFORCEMENT SYSTEMS
EQUITY SWAPS
ESTATE
EVENT OF DEFAULT
EXISTING CREDIT
FINANCIAL CRISES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY
FINANCIAL DISTRESS
FINANCIAL HEALTH
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL PROBLEMS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FORECLOSURE PROCEDURES
FORECLOSURE PROCESS
FOREIGN BANK
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FORMAL BANKRUPTCY
FORMAL INSOLVENCY
FRAUD
FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS
GOOD FAITH
HOLDING
HOUSEHOLD DEBT
IMMOVABLE PROPERTY
INDEBTEDNESS
INFORMAL ARRANGEMENTS
INFORMAL WORKOUT
INFORMAL WORKOUT PROCEDURES
INJUNCTIONS
INSOLVENCY
INSOLVENCY CASES
INSOLVENCY LAWS
INSOLVENCY MECHANISMS
INSOLVENCY PROCESS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INVOLUNTARY BANKRUPTCY
JUDGMENT
JUDICIAL FORECLOSURE
JUDICIAL FORECLOSURES
JUDICIAL RESOLUTION
LAND AS COLLATERAL
LAND OWNERSHIP
LAND RECORDS
LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
LEGAL REMEDIES
LEGAL SYSTEM
LEGAL SYSTEMS
LEGITIMATE CLAIMS
LENDER
LENDERS
LIABILITY
LIQUIDATION
LIQUIDITY
LOAN
LOAN LOSS
LOAN MARKET
MAJORITY OF CREDITORS
MINORITY CREDITORS
MONETARY FUND
MORTGAGE
MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE
MORTGAGES
MOVABLE ASSETS
NATIONAL BANK
NEGOTIATION
NEGOTIATIONS
NONPERFORMING LOANS
NPL
OPEN BANK
ORDERLY EXIT
OUT-OF-COURT SETTLEMENTS
OUT-OF-COURT WORKOUT
OVERDUE DEBT
OWNERSHIP DATA
OWNERSHIP RIGHTS
PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS
PENALTIES
PENDING BANKRUPTCY
PETITIONING CREDITORS
PLEDGE LAW
PLEDGES
POSSESSION
POSSIBLE BANKRUPTCY
PRIOR LAW
PRIVATE REGISTRY
PROCEDURES FOR BANKRUPTCY
PROPERTY RIGHTS
PUBLIC AUCTIONS
RECEIVER
RECEIVERS
RECEIVERSHIP
RECOVERY RATE
RECOVERY RATES
REGISTRY SYSTEM
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
REORGANIZATION
REORGANIZATION PLAN
REORGANIZATION PLANS
REORGANIZATION PROCEDURE
REORGANIZATION PROCEDURES
REORGANIZATION PROCESS
REORGANIZATIONS
REPAYMENT
REPRESENTATIVE OF CREDITORS
RESOLUTION MECHANISMS
RESTRUCTURING PLAN
RETAIL DEBT
RIGHTS OF CREDITORS
SETTLEMENT
SIMILARLY SITUATED CREDITORS
SMALL BUSINESSES
SOLVENT
STATE BANKS
TOTAL DEBT
TRANSPARENCY
WORKOUT
WORKOUT AGREEMENTS
WORKOUTS
WRIT OF EXECUTION
ACCURATE INFORMATION
ACTIONS BY CREDITORS
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
AFFECTED CREDITORS
AGRICULTURAL LOANS
ARREARAGES
ASSET MANAGEMENT
ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY
ASSET SALES
ASSETS
AUCTION PROCEDURES
BALANCE SHEET
BANK ACCOUNTS
BANK CREDITORS
BANK CREDITS
BANK DEBT
BANKING SYSTEM
BANKRUPTCY
BANKRUPTCY CASES
BANKRUPTCY COMMENCEMENT
BANKRUPTCY LAW
BANKRUPTCY LAW AMENDMENTS
BANKRUPTCY LAWS
BANKRUPTCY PETITION
BANKRUPTCY PROCESS
BILLS OF EXCHANGE
BORROWER
CADASTRE
CAPITAL MARKETS
CASH COLLATERAL
CASH MANAGEMENT
CLAIM
CLASSES OF CREDITORS
COLLATERAL
COLLECTION OF DEBTS
COMMERCIAL COURT
COMPANY LAW
CORPORATE BANKRUPTCY
CORPORATE DEBT
CORPORATE DEBTS
CORPORATE DISTRESS
CORPORATE FINANCIAL DISTRESS
CORPORATE FRAUD
CORPORATE INSOLVENCY
CORPORATE INSOLVENCY LAW
CORPORATE LAW
CORPORATE REORGANIZATIONS
CORPORATE WORKOUT
COURT AGREEMENTS
COURT APPROVAL
COURT DECISIONS
COURT PRACTICES
COURT PROCEEDINGS
COURT RULINGS
COURT SYSTEM
CREDIT BUREAU
CREDIT CULTURE
CREDIT PROVIDERS
CREDITOR
CREDITOR APPROVAL
CREDITOR BODY
CREDITOR CLAIMS
CREDITOR PASSIVITY
CREDITOR PROTECTIONS
CREDITOR RIGHTS
CREDITOR RIGHTS SYSTEMS
CREDITORS
CREDITORS COMMITTEE
CREDITS
DEBT COLLECTION
DEBT FORGIVENESS
DEBT RECOVERY
DEBT RESCHEDULING
DEBT RESOLUTION
DEBT RESTRUCTURING
DEBT RESTRUCTURING MECHANISMS
DEBTOR
DEBTORS
DEBTS
DEFAULTS
DEPOSIT
DEPOSIT INSURANCE
DEPOSIT INSURANCE FUND
DISPOSITION
DISPOSITIONS
DISSOLUTION
DISTRESSED ASSETS
DISTRESSED COMPANIES
DISTRESSED ENTERPRISES
DISTRIBUTIONS TO CREDITORS
EFFECTIVE INSOLVENCY
ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
ENFORCEMENT METHODS
ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURE
ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES
ENFORCEMENT RIGHTS
ENFORCEMENT SYSTEMS
EQUITY SWAPS
ESTATE
EVENT OF DEFAULT
EXISTING CREDIT
FINANCIAL CRISES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY
FINANCIAL DISTRESS
FINANCIAL HEALTH
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL PROBLEMS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FORECLOSURE PROCEDURES
FORECLOSURE PROCESS
FOREIGN BANK
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FORMAL BANKRUPTCY
FORMAL INSOLVENCY
FRAUD
FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS
GOOD FAITH
HOLDING
HOUSEHOLD DEBT
IMMOVABLE PROPERTY
INDEBTEDNESS
INFORMAL ARRANGEMENTS
INFORMAL WORKOUT
INFORMAL WORKOUT PROCEDURES
INJUNCTIONS
INSOLVENCY
INSOLVENCY CASES
INSOLVENCY LAWS
INSOLVENCY MECHANISMS
INSOLVENCY PROCESS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INVOLUNTARY BANKRUPTCY
JUDGMENT
JUDICIAL FORECLOSURE
JUDICIAL FORECLOSURES
JUDICIAL RESOLUTION
LAND AS COLLATERAL
LAND OWNERSHIP
LAND RECORDS
LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
LEGAL REMEDIES
LEGAL SYSTEM
LEGAL SYSTEMS
LEGITIMATE CLAIMS
LENDER
LENDERS
LIABILITY
LIQUIDATION
LIQUIDITY
LOAN
LOAN LOSS
LOAN MARKET
MAJORITY OF CREDITORS
MINORITY CREDITORS
MONETARY FUND
MORTGAGE
MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE
MORTGAGES
MOVABLE ASSETS
NATIONAL BANK
NEGOTIATION
NEGOTIATIONS
NONPERFORMING LOANS
NPL
OPEN BANK
ORDERLY EXIT
OUT-OF-COURT SETTLEMENTS
OUT-OF-COURT WORKOUT
OVERDUE DEBT
OWNERSHIP DATA
OWNERSHIP RIGHTS
PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS
PENALTIES
PENDING BANKRUPTCY
PETITIONING CREDITORS
PLEDGE LAW
PLEDGES
POSSESSION
POSSIBLE BANKRUPTCY
PRIOR LAW
PRIVATE REGISTRY
PROCEDURES FOR BANKRUPTCY
PROPERTY RIGHTS
PUBLIC AUCTIONS
RECEIVER
RECEIVERS
RECEIVERSHIP
RECOVERY RATE
RECOVERY RATES
REGISTRY SYSTEM
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
REORGANIZATION
REORGANIZATION PLAN
REORGANIZATION PLANS
REORGANIZATION PROCEDURE
REORGANIZATION PROCEDURES
REORGANIZATION PROCESS
REORGANIZATIONS
REPAYMENT
REPRESENTATIVE OF CREDITORS
RESOLUTION MECHANISMS
RESTRUCTURING PLAN
RETAIL DEBT
RIGHTS OF CREDITORS
SETTLEMENT
SIMILARLY SITUATED CREDITORS
SMALL BUSINESSES
SOLVENT
STATE BANKS
TOTAL DEBT
TRANSPARENCY
WORKOUT
WORKOUT AGREEMENTS
WORKOUTS
WRIT OF EXECUTION
International Monetary Fund
World Bank
Republic of Serbia Financial Sector Assessment Program Update
description Nonperforming Loans (NPLs) in the banking system constituted 16.5 percent of total loans, owing primarily to the corporate sector. The Credit Bureau, maintained by the Association of Serbian Banks, also discloses dramatic increases in corporate and retail defaults over the past year. NPL resolution and loan loss mitigation is hampered by a still evolving but uneven collateral and enforcement framework that complicates restructuring and leads to delays and lower recoveries in execution procedures. Corporate debt resolution is further complicated by a pattern of corporate misconduct designed to circumvent a creditor's legitimate enforcement rights. This is particularly acute in response to account blockages. In an effort to survive, business owners frequently engage in a pattern of corporate fraud to avoid their legitimate obligations by creating alter ego or shell companies through which to conduct their ongoing business activities, with all funds passing through the new legal entity. That entity is free from debt and can open bank accounts, engage in contracts, and carry on business as usual using the corporate assets of the prior legal entity under cleverly disguised lease or contractual use obligations. In most modern economies, such practices constitute fraud or fraudulent transfers that can carry stiff penalties, including loss of business privileges. Other reported abuses include applying for voluntary dissolution during which the owner or a friendly receiver continues to operate the business for years in an apparent wind-down of the business, while ignoring creditor claims.
format Report
topic_facet ACCURATE INFORMATION
ACTIONS BY CREDITORS
ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS
AFFECTED CREDITORS
AGRICULTURAL LOANS
ARREARAGES
ASSET MANAGEMENT
ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY
ASSET SALES
ASSETS
AUCTION PROCEDURES
BALANCE SHEET
BANK ACCOUNTS
BANK CREDITORS
BANK CREDITS
BANK DEBT
BANKING SYSTEM
BANKRUPTCY
BANKRUPTCY CASES
BANKRUPTCY COMMENCEMENT
BANKRUPTCY LAW
BANKRUPTCY LAW AMENDMENTS
BANKRUPTCY LAWS
BANKRUPTCY PETITION
BANKRUPTCY PROCESS
BILLS OF EXCHANGE
BORROWER
CADASTRE
CAPITAL MARKETS
CASH COLLATERAL
CASH MANAGEMENT
CLAIM
CLASSES OF CREDITORS
COLLATERAL
COLLECTION OF DEBTS
COMMERCIAL COURT
COMPANY LAW
CORPORATE BANKRUPTCY
CORPORATE DEBT
CORPORATE DEBTS
CORPORATE DISTRESS
CORPORATE FINANCIAL DISTRESS
CORPORATE FRAUD
CORPORATE INSOLVENCY
CORPORATE INSOLVENCY LAW
CORPORATE LAW
CORPORATE REORGANIZATIONS
CORPORATE WORKOUT
COURT AGREEMENTS
COURT APPROVAL
COURT DECISIONS
COURT PRACTICES
COURT PROCEEDINGS
COURT RULINGS
COURT SYSTEM
CREDIT BUREAU
CREDIT CULTURE
CREDIT PROVIDERS
CREDITOR
CREDITOR APPROVAL
CREDITOR BODY
CREDITOR CLAIMS
CREDITOR PASSIVITY
CREDITOR PROTECTIONS
CREDITOR RIGHTS
CREDITOR RIGHTS SYSTEMS
CREDITORS
CREDITORS COMMITTEE
CREDITS
DEBT COLLECTION
DEBT FORGIVENESS
DEBT RECOVERY
DEBT RESCHEDULING
DEBT RESOLUTION
DEBT RESTRUCTURING
DEBT RESTRUCTURING MECHANISMS
DEBTOR
DEBTORS
DEBTS
DEFAULTS
DEPOSIT
DEPOSIT INSURANCE
DEPOSIT INSURANCE FUND
DISPOSITION
DISPOSITIONS
DISSOLUTION
DISTRESSED ASSETS
DISTRESSED COMPANIES
DISTRESSED ENTERPRISES
DISTRIBUTIONS TO CREDITORS
EFFECTIVE INSOLVENCY
ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS
ENFORCEMENT METHODS
ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURE
ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES
ENFORCEMENT RIGHTS
ENFORCEMENT SYSTEMS
EQUITY SWAPS
ESTATE
EVENT OF DEFAULT
EXISTING CREDIT
FINANCIAL CRISES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY
FINANCIAL DISTRESS
FINANCIAL HEALTH
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
FINANCIAL PROBLEMS
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FORECLOSURE PROCEDURES
FORECLOSURE PROCESS
FOREIGN BANK
FOREIGN INVESTMENT
FORMAL BANKRUPTCY
FORMAL INSOLVENCY
FRAUD
FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS
GOOD FAITH
HOLDING
HOUSEHOLD DEBT
IMMOVABLE PROPERTY
INDEBTEDNESS
INFORMAL ARRANGEMENTS
INFORMAL WORKOUT
INFORMAL WORKOUT PROCEDURES
INJUNCTIONS
INSOLVENCY
INSOLVENCY CASES
INSOLVENCY LAWS
INSOLVENCY MECHANISMS
INSOLVENCY PROCESS
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INVOLUNTARY BANKRUPTCY
JUDGMENT
JUDICIAL FORECLOSURE
JUDICIAL FORECLOSURES
JUDICIAL RESOLUTION
LAND AS COLLATERAL
LAND OWNERSHIP
LAND RECORDS
LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
LEGAL REMEDIES
LEGAL SYSTEM
LEGAL SYSTEMS
LEGITIMATE CLAIMS
LENDER
LENDERS
LIABILITY
LIQUIDATION
LIQUIDITY
LOAN
LOAN LOSS
LOAN MARKET
MAJORITY OF CREDITORS
MINORITY CREDITORS
MONETARY FUND
MORTGAGE
MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE
MORTGAGES
MOVABLE ASSETS
NATIONAL BANK
NEGOTIATION
NEGOTIATIONS
NONPERFORMING LOANS
NPL
OPEN BANK
ORDERLY EXIT
OUT-OF-COURT SETTLEMENTS
OUT-OF-COURT WORKOUT
OVERDUE DEBT
OWNERSHIP DATA
OWNERSHIP RIGHTS
PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS
PENALTIES
PENDING BANKRUPTCY
PETITIONING CREDITORS
PLEDGE LAW
PLEDGES
POSSESSION
POSSIBLE BANKRUPTCY
PRIOR LAW
PRIVATE REGISTRY
PROCEDURES FOR BANKRUPTCY
PROPERTY RIGHTS
PUBLIC AUCTIONS
RECEIVER
RECEIVERS
RECEIVERSHIP
RECOVERY RATE
RECOVERY RATES
REGISTRY SYSTEM
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
REORGANIZATION
REORGANIZATION PLAN
REORGANIZATION PLANS
REORGANIZATION PROCEDURE
REORGANIZATION PROCEDURES
REORGANIZATION PROCESS
REORGANIZATIONS
REPAYMENT
REPRESENTATIVE OF CREDITORS
RESOLUTION MECHANISMS
RESTRUCTURING PLAN
RETAIL DEBT
RIGHTS OF CREDITORS
SETTLEMENT
SIMILARLY SITUATED CREDITORS
SMALL BUSINESSES
SOLVENT
STATE BANKS
TOTAL DEBT
TRANSPARENCY
WORKOUT
WORKOUT AGREEMENTS
WORKOUTS
WRIT OF EXECUTION
author International Monetary Fund
World Bank
author_facet International Monetary Fund
World Bank
author_sort International Monetary Fund
title Republic of Serbia Financial Sector Assessment Program Update
title_short Republic of Serbia Financial Sector Assessment Program Update
title_full Republic of Serbia Financial Sector Assessment Program Update
title_fullStr Republic of Serbia Financial Sector Assessment Program Update
title_full_unstemmed Republic of Serbia Financial Sector Assessment Program Update
title_sort republic of serbia financial sector assessment program update
publisher Washington, DC
publishDate 2009-10
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/996791468103149002/Serbia-Corporate-and-household-debt-restructuring-technical-note
https://hdl.handle.net/10986/28121
work_keys_str_mv AT internationalmonetaryfund republicofserbiafinancialsectorassessmentprogramupdate
AT worldbank republicofserbiafinancialsectorassessmentprogramupdate
AT internationalmonetaryfund corporateandhouseholddebtrestructuring
AT worldbank corporateandhouseholddebtrestructuring
_version_ 1807159699544473600
spelling dig-okr-10986281212024-08-08T14:25:30Z Republic of Serbia Financial Sector Assessment Program Update Corporate and Household Debt Restructuring International Monetary Fund World Bank ACCURATE INFORMATION ACTIONS BY CREDITORS ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS AFFECTED CREDITORS AGRICULTURAL LOANS ARREARAGES ASSET MANAGEMENT ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY ASSET SALES ASSETS AUCTION PROCEDURES BALANCE SHEET BANK ACCOUNTS BANK CREDITORS BANK CREDITS BANK DEBT BANKING SYSTEM BANKRUPTCY BANKRUPTCY CASES BANKRUPTCY COMMENCEMENT BANKRUPTCY LAW BANKRUPTCY LAW AMENDMENTS BANKRUPTCY LAWS BANKRUPTCY PETITION BANKRUPTCY PROCESS BILLS OF EXCHANGE BORROWER CADASTRE CAPITAL MARKETS CASH COLLATERAL CASH MANAGEMENT CLAIM CLASSES OF CREDITORS COLLATERAL COLLECTION OF DEBTS COMMERCIAL COURT COMPANY LAW CORPORATE BANKRUPTCY CORPORATE DEBT CORPORATE DEBTS CORPORATE DISTRESS CORPORATE FINANCIAL DISTRESS CORPORATE FRAUD CORPORATE INSOLVENCY CORPORATE INSOLVENCY LAW CORPORATE LAW CORPORATE REORGANIZATIONS CORPORATE WORKOUT COURT AGREEMENTS COURT APPROVAL COURT DECISIONS COURT PRACTICES COURT PROCEEDINGS COURT RULINGS COURT SYSTEM CREDIT BUREAU CREDIT CULTURE CREDIT PROVIDERS CREDITOR CREDITOR APPROVAL CREDITOR BODY CREDITOR CLAIMS CREDITOR PASSIVITY CREDITOR PROTECTIONS CREDITOR RIGHTS CREDITOR RIGHTS SYSTEMS CREDITORS CREDITORS COMMITTEE CREDITS DEBT COLLECTION DEBT FORGIVENESS DEBT RECOVERY DEBT RESCHEDULING DEBT RESOLUTION DEBT RESTRUCTURING DEBT RESTRUCTURING MECHANISMS DEBTOR DEBTORS DEBTS DEFAULTS DEPOSIT DEPOSIT INSURANCE DEPOSIT INSURANCE FUND DISPOSITION DISPOSITIONS DISSOLUTION DISTRESSED ASSETS DISTRESSED COMPANIES DISTRESSED ENTERPRISES DISTRIBUTIONS TO CREDITORS EFFECTIVE INSOLVENCY ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS ENFORCEMENT METHODS ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURE ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES ENFORCEMENT RIGHTS ENFORCEMENT SYSTEMS EQUITY SWAPS ESTATE EVENT OF DEFAULT EXISTING CREDIT FINANCIAL CRISES FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL DIFFICULTY FINANCIAL DISTRESS FINANCIAL HEALTH FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES FINANCIAL PROBLEMS FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FORECLOSURE PROCEDURES FORECLOSURE PROCESS FOREIGN BANK FOREIGN INVESTMENT FORMAL BANKRUPTCY FORMAL INSOLVENCY FRAUD FRAUDULENT TRANSFERS GOOD FAITH HOLDING HOUSEHOLD DEBT IMMOVABLE PROPERTY INDEBTEDNESS INFORMAL ARRANGEMENTS INFORMAL WORKOUT INFORMAL WORKOUT PROCEDURES INJUNCTIONS INSOLVENCY INSOLVENCY CASES INSOLVENCY LAWS INSOLVENCY MECHANISMS INSOLVENCY PROCESS INTERNATIONAL BANK INVOLUNTARY BANKRUPTCY JUDGMENT JUDICIAL FORECLOSURE JUDICIAL FORECLOSURES JUDICIAL RESOLUTION LAND AS COLLATERAL LAND OWNERSHIP LAND RECORDS LEGAL ENVIRONMENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK LEGAL PROCEEDINGS LEGAL REMEDIES LEGAL SYSTEM LEGAL SYSTEMS LEGITIMATE CLAIMS LENDER LENDERS LIABILITY LIQUIDATION LIQUIDITY LOAN LOAN LOSS LOAN MARKET MAJORITY OF CREDITORS MINORITY CREDITORS MONETARY FUND MORTGAGE MORTGAGE FORECLOSURE MORTGAGES MOVABLE ASSETS NATIONAL BANK NEGOTIATION NEGOTIATIONS NONPERFORMING LOANS NPL OPEN BANK ORDERLY EXIT OUT-OF-COURT SETTLEMENTS OUT-OF-COURT WORKOUT OVERDUE DEBT OWNERSHIP DATA OWNERSHIP RIGHTS PAYMENT OBLIGATIONS PENALTIES PENDING BANKRUPTCY PETITIONING CREDITORS PLEDGE LAW PLEDGES POSSESSION POSSIBLE BANKRUPTCY PRIOR LAW PRIVATE REGISTRY PROCEDURES FOR BANKRUPTCY PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC AUCTIONS RECEIVER RECEIVERS RECEIVERSHIP RECOVERY RATE RECOVERY RATES REGISTRY SYSTEM REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS REORGANIZATION REORGANIZATION PLAN REORGANIZATION PLANS REORGANIZATION PROCEDURE REORGANIZATION PROCEDURES REORGANIZATION PROCESS REORGANIZATIONS REPAYMENT REPRESENTATIVE OF CREDITORS RESOLUTION MECHANISMS RESTRUCTURING PLAN RETAIL DEBT RIGHTS OF CREDITORS SETTLEMENT SIMILARLY SITUATED CREDITORS SMALL BUSINESSES SOLVENT STATE BANKS TOTAL DEBT TRANSPARENCY WORKOUT WORKOUT AGREEMENTS WORKOUTS WRIT OF EXECUTION Nonperforming Loans (NPLs) in the banking system constituted 16.5 percent of total loans, owing primarily to the corporate sector. The Credit Bureau, maintained by the Association of Serbian Banks, also discloses dramatic increases in corporate and retail defaults over the past year. NPL resolution and loan loss mitigation is hampered by a still evolving but uneven collateral and enforcement framework that complicates restructuring and leads to delays and lower recoveries in execution procedures. Corporate debt resolution is further complicated by a pattern of corporate misconduct designed to circumvent a creditor's legitimate enforcement rights. This is particularly acute in response to account blockages. In an effort to survive, business owners frequently engage in a pattern of corporate fraud to avoid their legitimate obligations by creating alter ego or shell companies through which to conduct their ongoing business activities, with all funds passing through the new legal entity. That entity is free from debt and can open bank accounts, engage in contracts, and carry on business as usual using the corporate assets of the prior legal entity under cleverly disguised lease or contractual use obligations. In most modern economies, such practices constitute fraud or fraudulent transfers that can carry stiff penalties, including loss of business privileges. Other reported abuses include applying for voluntary dissolution during which the owner or a friendly receiver continues to operate the business for years in an apparent wind-down of the business, while ignoring creditor claims. 2017-09-06T19:57:31Z 2017-09-06T19:57:31Z 2009-10 Report Rapport Informe http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/996791468103149002/Serbia-Corporate-and-household-debt-restructuring-technical-note https://hdl.handle.net/10986/28121 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank application/pdf text/plain Washington, DC