Kingdom of Bhutan Human Development Public Expenditure Review

Bhutan is situated between the Tibetan Plateau in the North and Indian plains in the south. The development philosophy in Bhutan is embedded in the concept of Gross National Happiness (GNH) that, as a public policy strategy, seeks to address a more meaningful purpose of development that goes beyond the fulfillment of material satisfaction. The concept is grounded in the four pillars of development; socio-economic, environment, culture, and good governance. Bhutan s record on growth and development has made it a top performer in the South Asian region. The average annual growth rate of GDP over 1980-2010 in country was more than 7.6 percent, one of the highest in the South Asian sub-continent (SAS). Bhutan, with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita of about US$2,000, is now classified as a lower-middle income country. However, one of the most notable features about Bhutan s macro economy is its lack of diversification, dependence on and exposure to external developments, and the high levels of year-to-year volatility in its economic growth. Public Expenditure Review (PER) begins with an overview of the macro-economic context (chapter two) and public sector management (chapter three) in Bhutan. This is followed by an analytical summary of achievements to date in the health and education sectors (chapters four and five). The PER concludes (chapter six) with policy options and recommendations which are intended to spur discussion and analysis among policy-makers in Bhutan as they look into different possibilities to increase fiscal space in domestic resources while enhancing the quality of expenditures and improving outcomes in the health and education systems.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Opper, Susan, Nagpal, Somil
Format:	Report biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013-03
Subjects:	ACCOUNTING, ADMINISTRATIVE CLASSIFICATION, AGGREGATE DEMAND, AGGREGATE FISCAL, AGGREGATE FISCAL DISCIPLINE, AGING, ANNUAL BUDGET, ANNUAL RATE, ANNUAL REPORT, APPROPRIATIONS, ARTICLE, BLOCK GRANTS, BUDGET ALLOCATION, BUDGET ALLOCATIONS, BUDGET COVERS, BUDGET DEPARTMENT, BUDGET DOCUMENTS, BUDGET ESTIMATES, BUDGET EXECUTION, BUDGET FORMULATION, BUDGET OUTTURN, BUDGET POLICY, BUDGET PROCESS, BUDGET REPORT, BUDGET REVIEW, BUDGET SYSTEM, CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS, CAPITAL ACCOUNT, CAPITAL EXPENDITURE, CAPITAL EXPENDITURES, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, CASH BALANCE, CASH BASIS, CASH FLOW, CENTRAL BANK, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, CENTRAL GOVERNMENT DEFICIT, CIVIL SERVANTS, CIVIL SERVICE, CIVIL SERVICE RULES, CLINICS, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, DATA ANALYSIS, DEBT, DEBT SUSTAINABILITY, DECENTRALIZATION, DECENTRALIZATION OF SERVICE DELIVERY, DECISION MAKING, DISASTERS, DISCRETIONARY FUNDS, DOMESTIC DEBT, DOMESTIC DEMAND, DOMESTIC REVENUE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC GROWTH RATE, ECONOMIC GROWTH RATES, ECONOMIC VOLATILITY, EDUCATION EXPENDITURES, EDUCATION SERVICES, EDUCATION SPENDING, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EFFECTIVENESS OF SERVICE DELIVERY, EFFICIENCY GAINS, ELASTICITIES, EXPENDITURE DATA, EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, EXPENDITURE PLANNING, EXPENDITURES, EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE, EXTERNAL DEBT, EXTERNAL FINANCING, EXTERNAL GRANTS, FAMILIES, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL STATEMENT, FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FISCAL BALANCE, FISCAL DEFICIT, FISCAL DEFICIT TARGET, FISCAL DEFICITS, FISCAL FRAMEWORK, FISCAL IMPACT, FISCAL POSITION, FISCAL PRUDENCE, FISCAL REPORTING, FISCAL STRATEGY, FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY, FOREIGN GRANTS, FOREIGN RESERVES, GOVERNMENT DEBT, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE, GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROWTH RATE, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CLINICS, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH EXPENDITURE, HEALTH FINANCING, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH MANAGEMENT, HEALTH MINISTRY, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SPENDING, HEALTH SYSTEMS, HEALTH UNITS, HEALTH WORKERS, HOSPITALS, IMMUNIZATION, INFLATION, INFLATION RATE, INFLATIONARY PRESSURES, INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, INTERNAL CONTROL, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, INTERVENTION, IRON, LAWS, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIQUIDITY, MACROECONOMIC FRAMEWORK, MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS, MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, MACROECONOMIC POLICY, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MARGINAL COST, MEDIUM-TERM PERSPECTIVE, MEDIUM-TERM PROGRAM, MENTAL HEALTH, MIGRATION, MINISTRY OF FINANCE, MONETARY POLICY, MORTALITY, NATIONAL BUDGET, NATIONAL STATISTICS, NET LENDING, NURSES, NUTRITION, PATIENT, PATIENTS, PERFORMANCE AUDIT, PERFORMANCE CONTRACTS, PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT, POVERTY INDICATORS, POVERTY REDUCTION, PREGNANT WOMEN, PRICE INDEX, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR INVOLVEMENT, PROGNOSIS, PROGRAMS, PUBLIC ACCOUNTS, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, PUBLIC AGENCIES, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE REVIEW, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC FINANCE, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES, PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC PROCUREMENT, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTING, PUBLIC SECTOR DEBT, PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC SPENDING, QUALITY ASSURANCE, RECURRENT EXPENDITURE, RECURRENT EXPENDITURES, REFORM AGENDA, REFORM EFFORTS, REFORM PROCESS, REGULATORY PROCESS, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS, RESOURCE FLOWS, ROAD NETWORK, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SECTOR BUDGET, SECTOR MANAGERS, SECTOR MINISTRIES, SECTOR MINISTRY, SERVICE PROVISION, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SERVICES, SUPREME AUDIT INSTITUTIONS, SUSTAINABILITY ANALYSIS, TOTAL EXPENDITURE, TOTAL EXPENDITURES, UNCERTAINTY, UNEMPLOYMENT, WALKING, WELFARE PROGRAM, WORKERS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/350141490897226162/Bhutan-Human-development-public-expenditure-review https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26378
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