Push and Pull
This paper studies migration choices in the presence of liquidity constraints and varying costs of migration. This paper presents a simple theoretical framework that analyzes migration response to both push and pull factors in such settings. This framework implies that a shock to the push factors in the origin leads to differential observed response to migration to various destinations, as the shocks affect different parts of the wealth distribution. The implications of this framework are tested in the context of international migration from Nepal, using a panel of 452 villages observed at three periods in the 2000s. The analysis uses rainfall shocks and deaths due to conflict as "push" shocks and growth in manufacturing and construction in destination countries as "pull" shocks. The findings show that a rainfall shock that increases household income by US$ 100 increases migration to India by 54 percent but has no effect on migration elsewhere. An increase in conflict, which reduces consumption and amenity of the wealthier more, increases migration abroad, especially from urban areas. An increase in demand from the destination countries, especially the Gulf countries and Malaysia, has strong effects on migration to those destinations. These findings are consistent with the theoretical framework, and suggest the presence of large liquidity constraints. An increase in income can boost migration to India, whereas a reduction in the cost of migration might increase profitable migration elsewhere. The responsiveness to "pull" shocks suggests that households are willing to take advantage of these opportunities.
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| Format: | Working Paper biblioteca |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2017-02
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| Subjects: | migration, conflict, liquidity constraints, remittances, rainfall, |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/318581486560991532/Push-and-pull-a-study-of-international-migration-from-Nepal https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26024 |
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dig-okr-10986260242024-06-23T08:56:56Z Push and Pull A Study of International Migration from Nepal Shrestha, Maheshwor migration conflict liquidity constraints remittances rainfall This paper studies migration choices in the presence of liquidity constraints and varying costs of migration. This paper presents a simple theoretical framework that analyzes migration response to both push and pull factors in such settings. This framework implies that a shock to the push factors in the origin leads to differential observed response to migration to various destinations, as the shocks affect different parts of the wealth distribution. The implications of this framework are tested in the context of international migration from Nepal, using a panel of 452 villages observed at three periods in the 2000s. The analysis uses rainfall shocks and deaths due to conflict as "push" shocks and growth in manufacturing and construction in destination countries as "pull" shocks. The findings show that a rainfall shock that increases household income by US$ 100 increases migration to India by 54 percent but has no effect on migration elsewhere. An increase in conflict, which reduces consumption and amenity of the wealthier more, increases migration abroad, especially from urban areas. An increase in demand from the destination countries, especially the Gulf countries and Malaysia, has strong effects on migration to those destinations. These findings are consistent with the theoretical framework, and suggest the presence of large liquidity constraints. An increase in income can boost migration to India, whereas a reduction in the cost of migration might increase profitable migration elsewhere. The responsiveness to "pull" shocks suggests that households are willing to take advantage of these opportunities. 2017-02-08T22:34:23Z 2017-02-08T22:34:23Z 2017-02 Working Paper Document de travail Documento de trabajo http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/318581486560991532/Push-and-pull-a-study-of-international-migration-from-Nepal https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26024 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7965 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC |
| institution |
Banco Mundial |
| collection |
DSpace |
| country |
Estados Unidos |
| countrycode |
US |
| component |
Bibliográfico |
| access |
En linea |
| databasecode |
dig-okr |
| tag |
biblioteca |
| region |
America del Norte |
| libraryname |
Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
migration conflict liquidity constraints remittances rainfall migration conflict liquidity constraints remittances rainfall |
| spellingShingle |
migration conflict liquidity constraints remittances rainfall migration conflict liquidity constraints remittances rainfall Shrestha, Maheshwor Push and Pull |
| description |
This paper studies migration choices in
the presence of liquidity constraints and varying costs of
migration. This paper presents a simple theoretical
framework that analyzes migration response to both push and
pull factors in such settings. This framework implies that a
shock to the push factors in the origin leads to
differential observed response to migration to various
destinations, as the shocks affect different parts of the
wealth distribution. The implications of this framework are
tested in the context of international migration from Nepal,
using a panel of 452 villages observed at three periods in
the 2000s. The analysis uses rainfall shocks and deaths due
to conflict as "push" shocks and growth in
manufacturing and construction in destination countries as
"pull" shocks. The findings show that a rainfall
shock that increases household income by US$ 100 increases
migration to India by 54 percent but has no effect on
migration elsewhere. An increase in conflict, which reduces
consumption and amenity of the wealthier more, increases
migration abroad, especially from urban areas. An increase
in demand from the destination countries, especially the
Gulf countries and Malaysia, has strong effects on migration
to those destinations. These findings are consistent with
the theoretical framework, and suggest the presence of large
liquidity constraints. An increase in income can boost
migration to India, whereas a reduction in the cost of
migration might increase profitable migration elsewhere. The
responsiveness to "pull" shocks suggests that
households are willing to take advantage of these opportunities. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| topic_facet |
migration conflict liquidity constraints remittances rainfall |
| author |
Shrestha, Maheshwor |
| author_facet |
Shrestha, Maheshwor |
| author_sort |
Shrestha, Maheshwor |
| title |
Push and Pull |
| title_short |
Push and Pull |
| title_full |
Push and Pull |
| title_fullStr |
Push and Pull |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Push and Pull |
| title_sort |
push and pull |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2017-02 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/318581486560991532/Push-and-pull-a-study-of-international-migration-from-Nepal https://hdl.handle.net/10986/26024 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT shresthamaheshwor pushandpull AT shresthamaheshwor astudyofinternationalmigrationfromnepal |
| _version_ |
1802820893021306880 |