Fiscal Deficits, Monetary Reform, and Inflation Stabilization in Romania
Unsustainable fiscal deficits were the chief reason for the inflation that has persisted in Eastern Europe since 1989. Deficits need to be cut back, but by how much for a given inflation target? The authors develop a simple framework for debt, the deficit, and inflation to study the interactions between fiscal and monetary policy in Romania's economy. This framework can be used to 1) determine the financeable deficit and the required deficit reduction for a given rate of output growth, inflation rate, and target for debt-output ratios, and 2) find the rate, and target for which no fiscal adjustment is needed. They use this framework to assess consistency between inflation, monetary reform, and fiscal policy in Romania. Many of the issues in Romania are similar to those in other countries. But Romania is an interesting case because of its history of unsuccessful stabilization attempts. The authors' results suggest that fiscal problems during 1992-94 were masked by shifting government expenses to the books of the National Bank of Romania so that the government deficit did not fully reflect public spending. In addition, the effects of delayed fiscal adjustment were mitigated by exchange rate overvaluation and favorable debt dynamics. In the late 1990s, however, debt dynamics worsened and the economy experienced significant real depreciation. That exacerbated the fiscal problems and increased the fiscal adjustment needed to restore consistency.
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dig-okr-10986223602024-08-08T18:10:39Z Fiscal Deficits, Monetary Reform, and Inflation Stabilization in Romania Budina, Nina van Wijnbergen, Sweder AGRICULTURE ASSETS BANK DEPOSITS BANK LOANS BASE YEAR BENCHMARK BUDGET CONSTRAINT BUDGET DEFICITS CAPITAL GAINS CENTRAL BANK CENTRAL BANK BALANCE SHEETS CENTRAL BANKS COMMERCIAL BANKS CORPORATE TAXES CPI CURRENCY CRISES CURRENT ACCOUNT DEBT ACCUMULATION DEBT FINANCING DEBT MANAGEMENT DEBT SERVICING DEBT SERVICING COSTS DEFICIT REDUCTION DEMAND DEPOSITS DOMESTIC INTEREST RATES DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICE LEVEL ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMIC STRUCTURES ELASTICITIES EQUILIBRIUM EVASION EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE CRISES EXCHANGE RATE DEPRECIATION EXCHANGE RATE DEVALUATION EXCHANGE RATE PEG EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES EXCHANGE RATE POLICY EXTERNAL DEBT FINANCIAL ASSETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL STRUCTURE FISCAL ADJUSTMENT FISCAL CRISES FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DEFICITS FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY FORECASTS FOREIGN BORROWING FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES FOREIGN INFLATION GOVERNMENT BALANCE GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT BUDGET DEFICIT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES INDIRECT INSTRUMENTS INFLATION RATE INFLATION RATES INFLATION STABILIZATION INFLATION TAX INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAFFER CURVE LIQUIDITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Unsustainable fiscal deficits were the chief reason for the inflation that has persisted in Eastern Europe since 1989. Deficits need to be cut back, but by how much for a given inflation target? The authors develop a simple framework for debt, the deficit, and inflation to study the interactions between fiscal and monetary policy in Romania's economy. This framework can be used to 1) determine the financeable deficit and the required deficit reduction for a given rate of output growth, inflation rate, and target for debt-output ratios, and 2) find the rate, and target for which no fiscal adjustment is needed. They use this framework to assess consistency between inflation, monetary reform, and fiscal policy in Romania. Many of the issues in Romania are similar to those in other countries. But Romania is an interesting case because of its history of unsuccessful stabilization attempts. The authors' results suggest that fiscal problems during 1992-94 were masked by shifting government expenses to the books of the National Bank of Romania so that the government deficit did not fully reflect public spending. In addition, the effects of delayed fiscal adjustment were mitigated by exchange rate overvaluation and favorable debt dynamics. In the late 1990s, however, debt dynamics worsened and the economy experienced significant real depreciation. That exacerbated the fiscal problems and increased the fiscal adjustment needed to restore consistency. 2015-07-31T16:06:09Z 2015-07-31T16:06:09Z 2000-03 Working Paper Document de travail Documento de trabajo http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/03/437890/fiscal-deficits-monetary-reform-inflation-stabilization-romania https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22360 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2298 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf World Bank, Washington, DC |
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Banco Mundial |
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DSpace |
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Estados Unidos |
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US |
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Bibliográfico |
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En linea |
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dig-okr |
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biblioteca |
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America del Norte |
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Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
AGRICULTURE ASSETS BANK DEPOSITS BANK LOANS BASE YEAR BENCHMARK BUDGET CONSTRAINT BUDGET DEFICITS CAPITAL GAINS CENTRAL BANK CENTRAL BANK BALANCE SHEETS CENTRAL BANKS COMMERCIAL BANKS CORPORATE TAXES CPI CURRENCY CRISES CURRENT ACCOUNT DEBT ACCUMULATION DEBT FINANCING DEBT MANAGEMENT DEBT SERVICING DEBT SERVICING COSTS DEFICIT REDUCTION DEMAND DEPOSITS DOMESTIC INTEREST RATES DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICE LEVEL ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMIC STRUCTURES ELASTICITIES EQUILIBRIUM EVASION EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE CRISES EXCHANGE RATE DEPRECIATION EXCHANGE RATE DEVALUATION EXCHANGE RATE PEG EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES EXCHANGE RATE POLICY EXTERNAL DEBT FINANCIAL ASSETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL STRUCTURE FISCAL ADJUSTMENT FISCAL CRISES FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DEFICITS FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY FORECASTS FOREIGN BORROWING FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES FOREIGN INFLATION GOVERNMENT BALANCE GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT BUDGET DEFICIT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES INDIRECT INSTRUMENTS INFLATION RATE INFLATION RATES INFLATION STABILIZATION INFLATION TAX INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAFFER CURVE LIQUIDITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AGRICULTURE ASSETS BANK DEPOSITS BANK LOANS BASE YEAR BENCHMARK BUDGET CONSTRAINT BUDGET DEFICITS CAPITAL GAINS CENTRAL BANK CENTRAL BANK BALANCE SHEETS CENTRAL BANKS COMMERCIAL BANKS CORPORATE TAXES CPI CURRENCY CRISES CURRENT ACCOUNT DEBT ACCUMULATION DEBT FINANCING DEBT MANAGEMENT DEBT SERVICING DEBT SERVICING COSTS DEFICIT REDUCTION DEMAND DEPOSITS DOMESTIC INTEREST RATES DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICE LEVEL ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMIC STRUCTURES ELASTICITIES EQUILIBRIUM EVASION EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE CRISES EXCHANGE RATE DEPRECIATION EXCHANGE RATE DEVALUATION EXCHANGE RATE PEG EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES EXCHANGE RATE POLICY EXTERNAL DEBT FINANCIAL ASSETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL STRUCTURE FISCAL ADJUSTMENT FISCAL CRISES FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DEFICITS FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY FORECASTS FOREIGN BORROWING FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES FOREIGN INFLATION GOVERNMENT BALANCE GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT BUDGET DEFICIT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES INDIRECT INSTRUMENTS INFLATION RATE INFLATION RATES INFLATION STABILIZATION INFLATION TAX INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAFFER CURVE LIQUIDITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS |
| spellingShingle |
AGRICULTURE ASSETS BANK DEPOSITS BANK LOANS BASE YEAR BENCHMARK BUDGET CONSTRAINT BUDGET DEFICITS CAPITAL GAINS CENTRAL BANK CENTRAL BANK BALANCE SHEETS CENTRAL BANKS COMMERCIAL BANKS CORPORATE TAXES CPI CURRENCY CRISES CURRENT ACCOUNT DEBT ACCUMULATION DEBT FINANCING DEBT MANAGEMENT DEBT SERVICING DEBT SERVICING COSTS DEFICIT REDUCTION DEMAND DEPOSITS DOMESTIC INTEREST RATES DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICE LEVEL ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMIC STRUCTURES ELASTICITIES EQUILIBRIUM EVASION EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE CRISES EXCHANGE RATE DEPRECIATION EXCHANGE RATE DEVALUATION EXCHANGE RATE PEG EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES EXCHANGE RATE POLICY EXTERNAL DEBT FINANCIAL ASSETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL STRUCTURE FISCAL ADJUSTMENT FISCAL CRISES FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DEFICITS FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY FORECASTS FOREIGN BORROWING FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES FOREIGN INFLATION GOVERNMENT BALANCE GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT BUDGET DEFICIT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES INDIRECT INSTRUMENTS INFLATION RATE INFLATION RATES INFLATION STABILIZATION INFLATION TAX INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAFFER CURVE LIQUIDITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AGRICULTURE ASSETS BANK DEPOSITS BANK LOANS BASE YEAR BENCHMARK BUDGET CONSTRAINT BUDGET DEFICITS CAPITAL GAINS CENTRAL BANK CENTRAL BANK BALANCE SHEETS CENTRAL BANKS COMMERCIAL BANKS CORPORATE TAXES CPI CURRENCY CRISES CURRENT ACCOUNT DEBT ACCUMULATION DEBT FINANCING DEBT MANAGEMENT DEBT SERVICING DEBT SERVICING COSTS DEFICIT REDUCTION DEMAND DEPOSITS DOMESTIC INTEREST RATES DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICE LEVEL ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMIC STRUCTURES ELASTICITIES EQUILIBRIUM EVASION EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE CRISES EXCHANGE RATE DEPRECIATION EXCHANGE RATE DEVALUATION EXCHANGE RATE PEG EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES EXCHANGE RATE POLICY EXTERNAL DEBT FINANCIAL ASSETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL STRUCTURE FISCAL ADJUSTMENT FISCAL CRISES FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DEFICITS FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY FORECASTS FOREIGN BORROWING FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES FOREIGN INFLATION GOVERNMENT BALANCE GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT BUDGET DEFICIT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES INDIRECT INSTRUMENTS INFLATION RATE INFLATION RATES INFLATION STABILIZATION INFLATION TAX INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAFFER CURVE LIQUIDITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS Budina, Nina van Wijnbergen, Sweder Fiscal Deficits, Monetary Reform, and Inflation Stabilization in Romania |
| description |
Unsustainable fiscal deficits were the
chief reason for the inflation that has persisted in Eastern
Europe since 1989. Deficits need to be cut back, but by how
much for a given inflation target? The authors develop a
simple framework for debt, the deficit, and inflation to
study the interactions between fiscal and monetary policy in
Romania's economy. This framework can be used to 1) determine
the financeable deficit and the required deficit reduction
for a given rate of output growth, inflation rate, and
target for debt-output ratios, and 2) find the rate, and
target for which no fiscal adjustment is needed. They use
this framework to assess consistency between inflation,
monetary reform, and fiscal policy in Romania. Many of the
issues in Romania are similar to those in other countries.
But Romania is an interesting case because of its history of
unsuccessful stabilization attempts. The authors' results
suggest that fiscal problems during 1992-94 were masked by
shifting government expenses to the books of the National
Bank of Romania so that the government deficit did not fully
reflect public spending. In addition, the effects of delayed
fiscal adjustment were mitigated by exchange rate
overvaluation and favorable debt dynamics. In the late
1990s, however, debt dynamics worsened and the economy
experienced significant real depreciation. That exacerbated
the fiscal problems and increased the fiscal adjustment
needed to restore consistency. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| topic_facet |
AGRICULTURE ASSETS BANK DEPOSITS BANK LOANS BASE YEAR BENCHMARK BUDGET CONSTRAINT BUDGET DEFICITS CAPITAL GAINS CENTRAL BANK CENTRAL BANK BALANCE SHEETS CENTRAL BANKS COMMERCIAL BANKS CORPORATE TAXES CPI CURRENCY CRISES CURRENT ACCOUNT DEBT ACCUMULATION DEBT FINANCING DEBT MANAGEMENT DEBT SERVICING DEBT SERVICING COSTS DEFICIT REDUCTION DEMAND DEPOSITS DOMESTIC INTEREST RATES DOMESTIC PRICE DOMESTIC PRICE LEVEL ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SECTORS ECONOMIC STRUCTURE ECONOMIC STRUCTURES ELASTICITIES EQUILIBRIUM EVASION EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATE CRISES EXCHANGE RATE DEPRECIATION EXCHANGE RATE DEVALUATION EXCHANGE RATE PEG EXCHANGE RATE POLICIES EXCHANGE RATE POLICY EXTERNAL DEBT FINANCIAL ASSETS FINANCIAL SECTOR FINANCIAL STRUCTURE FISCAL ADJUSTMENT FISCAL CRISES FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DEFICITS FISCAL POLICIES FISCAL POLICY FISCAL SUSTAINABILITY FORECASTS FOREIGN BORROWING FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES FOREIGN INFLATION GOVERNMENT BALANCE GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT BUDGET DEFICIT GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES INDIRECT INSTRUMENTS INFLATION RATE INFLATION RATES INFLATION STABILIZATION INFLATION TAX INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAFFER CURVE LIQUIDITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS |
| author |
Budina, Nina van Wijnbergen, Sweder |
| author_facet |
Budina, Nina van Wijnbergen, Sweder |
| author_sort |
Budina, Nina |
| title |
Fiscal Deficits, Monetary Reform, and Inflation Stabilization in Romania |
| title_short |
Fiscal Deficits, Monetary Reform, and Inflation Stabilization in Romania |
| title_full |
Fiscal Deficits, Monetary Reform, and Inflation Stabilization in Romania |
| title_fullStr |
Fiscal Deficits, Monetary Reform, and Inflation Stabilization in Romania |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Fiscal Deficits, Monetary Reform, and Inflation Stabilization in Romania |
| title_sort |
fiscal deficits, monetary reform, and inflation stabilization in romania |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2000-03 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/03/437890/fiscal-deficits-monetary-reform-inflation-stabilization-romania https://hdl.handle.net/10986/22360 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT budinanina fiscaldeficitsmonetaryreformandinflationstabilizationinromania AT vanwijnbergensweder fiscaldeficitsmonetaryreformandinflationstabilizationinromania |
| _version_ |
1807156265126723584 |