Reciprocity Across Modes of Supply in the World Trade Organization : A Negotiating Formula
Negotiations on trade in services at the World Trade Organization (WTO) have so far produced little liberalization beyond levels countries have undertaken unilaterally. One reason: limited application of the traditional negotiating principle of reciprocity. In particular, participants have failed to exploit the scope of the services agreement (General Agreement on Trade in Services -GATS) for the exchange of market-access "concessions" across different modes of supply - cross-border delivery and the movement of capital and workers. Using the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek framework, the authors propose a negotiating formula that generalizes the fundamental WTO principle of reciprocity to include alternative modes of delivery. Adoption of this formula as a basis for negotiations could bring greater commitments to liberalization on all modes of delivery, producing substantial gains in global welfare and more balanced outcomes.
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dig-okr-10986198312024-08-08T18:10:59Z Reciprocity Across Modes of Supply in the World Trade Organization : A Negotiating Formula Mattoo, Aaditya Olarreaga, Marcelo AGRICULTURE BALANCE OF CONCESSIONS BILATERAL TRADE BORDER TRADE CAPITAL MARKET CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CENTRAL BANKS COMMERCIAL PRESENCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONSUMERS CROSS-BORDER DELIVERY CROSS-BORDER EXPORTS CROSS-BORDER TRADE CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC REFORM ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMISTS ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ENTITLEMENTS EQUILIBRIUM EXPORT VOLUME EXPORTERS FACTOR PRICE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FACTORS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN LABOR FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN SERVICE PROVIDERS FORESTRY GATS GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTS INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES JOINT IMPLEMENTATION MARKET ACCESS MODES OF SUPPLY MOVEMENT OF NATURAL PERSONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS NET EXPORTS NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRICE DIFFERENCES QUOTAS RECIPROCAL REDUCTION RECIPROCITY RETURNS TO SCALE SERVICE SECTOR SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES SERVICES AGREEMENT SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES SECTORS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS TARIFF REDUCTION TERMS OF TRADE TERMS OF TRADE EFFECTS TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE TRADE TRADE BALANCE TRADE EFFECT TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE OPENING TRADE PATTERN TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADING PARTNERS UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VOLUME OF TRADE WELFARE EFFECTS WELFARE GAINS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO Negotiations on trade in services at the World Trade Organization (WTO) have so far produced little liberalization beyond levels countries have undertaken unilaterally. One reason: limited application of the traditional negotiating principle of reciprocity. In particular, participants have failed to exploit the scope of the services agreement (General Agreement on Trade in Services -GATS) for the exchange of market-access "concessions" across different modes of supply - cross-border delivery and the movement of capital and workers. Using the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek framework, the authors propose a negotiating formula that generalizes the fundamental WTO principle of reciprocity to include alternative modes of delivery. Adoption of this formula as a basis for negotiations could bring greater commitments to liberalization on all modes of delivery, producing substantial gains in global welfare and more balanced outcomes. 2014-08-28T18:22:02Z 2014-08-28T18:22:02Z 2000-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/06/437123/reciprocity-across-modes-supply-world-trade-organization-negotiating-formula https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19831 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2373 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC |
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Banco Mundial |
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DSpace |
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Estados Unidos |
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US |
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Bibliográfico |
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En linea |
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dig-okr |
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biblioteca |
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America del Norte |
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Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
AGRICULTURE BALANCE OF CONCESSIONS BILATERAL TRADE BORDER TRADE CAPITAL MARKET CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CENTRAL BANKS COMMERCIAL PRESENCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONSUMERS CROSS-BORDER DELIVERY CROSS-BORDER EXPORTS CROSS-BORDER TRADE CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC REFORM ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMISTS ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ENTITLEMENTS EQUILIBRIUM EXPORT VOLUME EXPORTERS FACTOR PRICE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FACTORS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN LABOR FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN SERVICE PROVIDERS FORESTRY GATS GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTS INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES JOINT IMPLEMENTATION MARKET ACCESS MODES OF SUPPLY MOVEMENT OF NATURAL PERSONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS NET EXPORTS NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRICE DIFFERENCES QUOTAS RECIPROCAL REDUCTION RECIPROCITY RETURNS TO SCALE SERVICE SECTOR SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES SERVICES AGREEMENT SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES SECTORS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS TARIFF REDUCTION TERMS OF TRADE TERMS OF TRADE EFFECTS TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE TRADE TRADE BALANCE TRADE EFFECT TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE OPENING TRADE PATTERN TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADING PARTNERS UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VOLUME OF TRADE WELFARE EFFECTS WELFARE GAINS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO AGRICULTURE BALANCE OF CONCESSIONS BILATERAL TRADE BORDER TRADE CAPITAL MARKET CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CENTRAL BANKS COMMERCIAL PRESENCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONSUMERS CROSS-BORDER DELIVERY CROSS-BORDER EXPORTS CROSS-BORDER TRADE CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC REFORM ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMISTS ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ENTITLEMENTS EQUILIBRIUM EXPORT VOLUME EXPORTERS FACTOR PRICE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FACTORS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN LABOR FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN SERVICE PROVIDERS FORESTRY GATS GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTS INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES JOINT IMPLEMENTATION MARKET ACCESS MODES OF SUPPLY MOVEMENT OF NATURAL PERSONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS NET EXPORTS NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRICE DIFFERENCES QUOTAS RECIPROCAL REDUCTION RECIPROCITY RETURNS TO SCALE SERVICE SECTOR SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES SERVICES AGREEMENT SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES SECTORS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS TARIFF REDUCTION TERMS OF TRADE TERMS OF TRADE EFFECTS TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE TRADE TRADE BALANCE TRADE EFFECT TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE OPENING TRADE PATTERN TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADING PARTNERS UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VOLUME OF TRADE WELFARE EFFECTS WELFARE GAINS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO |
| spellingShingle |
AGRICULTURE BALANCE OF CONCESSIONS BILATERAL TRADE BORDER TRADE CAPITAL MARKET CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CENTRAL BANKS COMMERCIAL PRESENCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONSUMERS CROSS-BORDER DELIVERY CROSS-BORDER EXPORTS CROSS-BORDER TRADE CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC REFORM ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMISTS ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ENTITLEMENTS EQUILIBRIUM EXPORT VOLUME EXPORTERS FACTOR PRICE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FACTORS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN LABOR FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN SERVICE PROVIDERS FORESTRY GATS GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTS INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES JOINT IMPLEMENTATION MARKET ACCESS MODES OF SUPPLY MOVEMENT OF NATURAL PERSONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS NET EXPORTS NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRICE DIFFERENCES QUOTAS RECIPROCAL REDUCTION RECIPROCITY RETURNS TO SCALE SERVICE SECTOR SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES SERVICES AGREEMENT SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES SECTORS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS TARIFF REDUCTION TERMS OF TRADE TERMS OF TRADE EFFECTS TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE TRADE TRADE BALANCE TRADE EFFECT TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE OPENING TRADE PATTERN TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADING PARTNERS UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VOLUME OF TRADE WELFARE EFFECTS WELFARE GAINS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO AGRICULTURE BALANCE OF CONCESSIONS BILATERAL TRADE BORDER TRADE CAPITAL MARKET CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CENTRAL BANKS COMMERCIAL PRESENCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONSUMERS CROSS-BORDER DELIVERY CROSS-BORDER EXPORTS CROSS-BORDER TRADE CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC REFORM ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMISTS ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ENTITLEMENTS EQUILIBRIUM EXPORT VOLUME EXPORTERS FACTOR PRICE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FACTORS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN LABOR FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN SERVICE PROVIDERS FORESTRY GATS GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTS INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES JOINT IMPLEMENTATION MARKET ACCESS MODES OF SUPPLY MOVEMENT OF NATURAL PERSONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS NET EXPORTS NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRICE DIFFERENCES QUOTAS RECIPROCAL REDUCTION RECIPROCITY RETURNS TO SCALE SERVICE SECTOR SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES SERVICES AGREEMENT SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES SECTORS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS TARIFF REDUCTION TERMS OF TRADE TERMS OF TRADE EFFECTS TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE TRADE TRADE BALANCE TRADE EFFECT TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE OPENING TRADE PATTERN TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADING PARTNERS UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VOLUME OF TRADE WELFARE EFFECTS WELFARE GAINS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO Mattoo, Aaditya Olarreaga, Marcelo Reciprocity Across Modes of Supply in the World Trade Organization : A Negotiating Formula |
| description |
Negotiations on trade in services at the
World Trade Organization (WTO) have so far produced little
liberalization beyond levels countries have undertaken
unilaterally. One reason: limited application of the
traditional negotiating principle of reciprocity. In
particular, participants have failed to exploit the scope of
the services agreement (General Agreement on Trade in
Services -GATS) for the exchange of market-access
"concessions" across different modes of supply -
cross-border delivery and the movement of capital and
workers. Using the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek framework, the
authors propose a negotiating formula that generalizes the
fundamental WTO principle of reciprocity to include
alternative modes of delivery. Adoption of this formula as a
basis for negotiations could bring greater commitments to
liberalization on all modes of delivery, producing
substantial gains in global welfare and more balanced outcomes. |
| topic_facet |
AGRICULTURE BALANCE OF CONCESSIONS BILATERAL TRADE BORDER TRADE CAPITAL MARKET CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CENTRAL BANKS COMMERCIAL PRESENCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONSUMERS CROSS-BORDER DELIVERY CROSS-BORDER EXPORTS CROSS-BORDER TRADE CURRENT ACCOUNT CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC REFORM ECONOMIC THEORY ECONOMISTS ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ENTITLEMENTS EQUILIBRIUM EXPORT VOLUME EXPORTERS FACTOR PRICE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FACTORS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN LABOR FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN SERVICE PROVIDERS FORESTRY GATS GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES IMPORT VOLUME IMPORTS INCOME INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES JOINT IMPLEMENTATION MARKET ACCESS MODES OF SUPPLY MOVEMENT OF NATURAL PERSONS MULTILATERAL TRADE MULTILATERAL TRADE NEGOTIATIONS NET EXPORTS NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS NON-TARIFF BARRIERS OPENNESS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRICE DIFFERENCES QUOTAS RECIPROCAL REDUCTION RECIPROCITY RETURNS TO SCALE SERVICE SECTOR SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES SERVICES AGREEMENT SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES SECTORS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS TARIFF REDUCTION TERMS OF TRADE TERMS OF TRADE EFFECTS TOTAL OUTPUT TRADE TRADE TRADE BALANCE TRADE EFFECT TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE OPENING TRADE PATTERN TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADING PARTNERS UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION URUGUAY ROUND VOLUME OF TRADE WELFARE EFFECTS WELFARE GAINS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM WTO |
| author |
Mattoo, Aaditya Olarreaga, Marcelo |
| author_facet |
Mattoo, Aaditya Olarreaga, Marcelo |
| author_sort |
Mattoo, Aaditya |
| title |
Reciprocity Across Modes of Supply in the World Trade Organization : A Negotiating Formula |
| title_short |
Reciprocity Across Modes of Supply in the World Trade Organization : A Negotiating Formula |
| title_full |
Reciprocity Across Modes of Supply in the World Trade Organization : A Negotiating Formula |
| title_fullStr |
Reciprocity Across Modes of Supply in the World Trade Organization : A Negotiating Formula |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Reciprocity Across Modes of Supply in the World Trade Organization : A Negotiating Formula |
| title_sort |
reciprocity across modes of supply in the world trade organization : a negotiating formula |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2000-06 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/06/437123/reciprocity-across-modes-supply-world-trade-organization-negotiating-formula https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19831 |
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AT mattooaaditya reciprocityacrossmodesofsupplyintheworldtradeorganizationanegotiatingformula AT olarreagamarcelo reciprocityacrossmodesofsupplyintheworldtradeorganizationanegotiatingformula |
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