Trade Policy Reform in the East Asian Transition Economies
The performance of the East Asian transition economies in export and income growth has been strikingly better than that of countries in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The East Asian economies have achieved remarkably high growth rates in outputs and exports without the often large declines in output and exports observed in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. East Asian reformers have successfully made many of the parallel changes needed in both domestic and trade policies to secure export and income growth. (It makes no sense, for example, to introduce the trade policy instruments of a market economy when the domestic economy is still based on central planning.) But there has been no single magic formula for their success. The author discusses what each of the economies (Cambodia, China, Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Vietnam) has done. China experienced an extended transition process; the transition ws much shorter in other East Asian transition economies--especially Cambodia. Several of the East Asian transition economies used accession to a regional arrangement as part of their reform strategy. China focused mainly on unilateral reforms and, more recently, reforms associated with its accession to the World Trade Organization. Most have made extensive use of policies to attract foreign investment and to mitigate the burden of protection on manufacturing exporters. Most of the remaining trade policy problems, although difficult, appear to be problems more of development than of transition.
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AGREEMENT ON TRADE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE ANTIDUMPING APPAREL AUTONOMY AVERAGE TARIFF AVERAGE TARIFF RATE AVERAGE TARIFF RATES AVERAGE TARIFFS BENCHMARK BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENT CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL GOODS CAPITAL MARKET CAUSE FOR CONCERN CENTRAL PLANNING CHANGES IN TRADE CLOSED ECONOMY COAL COMMODITY PRICES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMER GOODS CONSUMERS CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS DUTIES DECENTRALIZATION DEVALUATION DEVELOPMENT DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC ECONOMY DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DISTORTIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INFORMATION ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMISTS EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPLOITATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT ORIENTATION EXPORT PRODUCTION EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORTERS EXPORTS FINAL GOODS FIXED PRICES FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAW FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREA FREE TRADE ZONES GDP GRAIN TRADE GROUPS OF COMMODITIES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES IMPORT PLANNING IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT SIDE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IMPORT TARIFF IMPORTS INCOME INCOME GROWTH INFANT INDUSTRY ARGUMENT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT POLICIES LABOR STANDARDS LAND USE LEGAL INSTITUTIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL CURRENCY MARKET PRICES MERCHANDISE TRADE MONOPOLIES NATURAL RESOURCES NONTARIFF BARRIER NONTARIFF BARRIERS OIL OPEN ECONOMY OPEN TRADE OPEN TRADE REGIME OPENNESS PLANNED ECONOMY POLICY INSTRUMENTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS QUOTAS RATES OF PROTECTION REGIONAL ARRANGEMENT REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETURN ON CAPITAL REVENUE RAISING STATIC BENEFITS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS TARIFF LINES TARIFF PROTECTION TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REFORM TARIFF STRUCTURE TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERS TIMBER TOTAL COSTS TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE MONOPOLY TRADE PARTNERS TRADE PERFORMANCE TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY INSTRUMENTS TRADE POLICY REFORM TRADE POLICY REFORMS TRADE REFORM TRADE REFORMS TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADING PARTNERS TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT UNDERLYING PROBLEM UNILATERAL ACTION VALUE ADDED WELFARE GAINS WORLD MARKET WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM AGREEMENT ON TRADE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE ANTIDUMPING APPAREL AUTONOMY AVERAGE TARIFF AVERAGE TARIFF RATE AVERAGE TARIFF RATES AVERAGE TARIFFS BENCHMARK BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENT CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL GOODS CAPITAL MARKET CAUSE FOR CONCERN CENTRAL PLANNING CHANGES IN TRADE CLOSED ECONOMY COAL COMMODITY PRICES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMER GOODS CONSUMERS CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS DUTIES DECENTRALIZATION DEVALUATION DEVELOPMENT DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC ECONOMY DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DISTORTIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INFORMATION ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMISTS EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPLOITATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT ORIENTATION EXPORT PRODUCTION EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORTERS EXPORTS FINAL GOODS FIXED PRICES FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAW FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREA FREE TRADE ZONES GDP GRAIN TRADE GROUPS OF COMMODITIES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES IMPORT PLANNING IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT SIDE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IMPORT TARIFF IMPORTS INCOME INCOME GROWTH INFANT INDUSTRY ARGUMENT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT POLICIES LABOR STANDARDS LAND USE LEGAL INSTITUTIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL CURRENCY MARKET PRICES MERCHANDISE TRADE MONOPOLIES NATURAL RESOURCES NONTARIFF BARRIER NONTARIFF BARRIERS OIL OPEN ECONOMY OPEN TRADE OPEN TRADE REGIME OPENNESS PLANNED ECONOMY POLICY INSTRUMENTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS QUOTAS RATES OF PROTECTION REGIONAL ARRANGEMENT REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETURN ON CAPITAL REVENUE RAISING STATIC BENEFITS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS TARIFF LINES TARIFF PROTECTION TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REFORM TARIFF STRUCTURE TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERS TIMBER TOTAL COSTS TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE MONOPOLY TRADE PARTNERS TRADE PERFORMANCE TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY INSTRUMENTS TRADE POLICY REFORM TRADE POLICY REFORMS TRADE REFORM TRADE REFORMS TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADING PARTNERS TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT UNDERLYING PROBLEM UNILATERAL ACTION VALUE ADDED WELFARE GAINS WORLD MARKET WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM |
| spellingShingle |
AGREEMENT ON TRADE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE ANTIDUMPING APPAREL AUTONOMY AVERAGE TARIFF AVERAGE TARIFF RATE AVERAGE TARIFF RATES AVERAGE TARIFFS BENCHMARK BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENT CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL GOODS CAPITAL MARKET CAUSE FOR CONCERN CENTRAL PLANNING CHANGES IN TRADE CLOSED ECONOMY COAL COMMODITY PRICES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMER GOODS CONSUMERS CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS DUTIES DECENTRALIZATION DEVALUATION DEVELOPMENT DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC ECONOMY DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DISTORTIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INFORMATION ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMISTS EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPLOITATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT ORIENTATION EXPORT PRODUCTION EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORTERS EXPORTS FINAL GOODS FIXED PRICES FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAW FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREA FREE TRADE ZONES GDP GRAIN TRADE GROUPS OF COMMODITIES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES IMPORT PLANNING IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT SIDE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IMPORT TARIFF IMPORTS INCOME INCOME GROWTH INFANT INDUSTRY ARGUMENT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT POLICIES LABOR STANDARDS LAND USE LEGAL INSTITUTIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL CURRENCY MARKET PRICES MERCHANDISE TRADE MONOPOLIES NATURAL RESOURCES NONTARIFF BARRIER NONTARIFF BARRIERS OIL OPEN ECONOMY OPEN TRADE OPEN TRADE REGIME OPENNESS PLANNED ECONOMY POLICY INSTRUMENTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS QUOTAS RATES OF PROTECTION REGIONAL ARRANGEMENT REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETURN ON CAPITAL REVENUE RAISING STATIC BENEFITS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS TARIFF LINES TARIFF PROTECTION TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REFORM TARIFF STRUCTURE TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERS TIMBER TOTAL COSTS TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE MONOPOLY TRADE PARTNERS TRADE PERFORMANCE TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY INSTRUMENTS TRADE POLICY REFORM TRADE POLICY REFORMS TRADE REFORM TRADE REFORMS TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADING PARTNERS TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT UNDERLYING PROBLEM UNILATERAL ACTION VALUE ADDED WELFARE GAINS WORLD MARKET WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM AGREEMENT ON TRADE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE ANTIDUMPING APPAREL AUTONOMY AVERAGE TARIFF AVERAGE TARIFF RATE AVERAGE TARIFF RATES AVERAGE TARIFFS BENCHMARK BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENT CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL GOODS CAPITAL MARKET CAUSE FOR CONCERN CENTRAL PLANNING CHANGES IN TRADE CLOSED ECONOMY COAL COMMODITY PRICES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMER GOODS CONSUMERS CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS DUTIES DECENTRALIZATION DEVALUATION DEVELOPMENT DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC ECONOMY DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DISTORTIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INFORMATION ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMISTS EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPLOITATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT ORIENTATION EXPORT PRODUCTION EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORTERS EXPORTS FINAL GOODS FIXED PRICES FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAW FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREA FREE TRADE ZONES GDP GRAIN TRADE GROUPS OF COMMODITIES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES IMPORT PLANNING IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT SIDE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IMPORT TARIFF IMPORTS INCOME INCOME GROWTH INFANT INDUSTRY ARGUMENT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT POLICIES LABOR STANDARDS LAND USE LEGAL INSTITUTIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL CURRENCY MARKET PRICES MERCHANDISE TRADE MONOPOLIES NATURAL RESOURCES NONTARIFF BARRIER NONTARIFF BARRIERS OIL OPEN ECONOMY OPEN TRADE OPEN TRADE REGIME OPENNESS PLANNED ECONOMY POLICY INSTRUMENTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS QUOTAS RATES OF PROTECTION REGIONAL ARRANGEMENT REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETURN ON CAPITAL REVENUE RAISING STATIC BENEFITS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS TARIFF LINES TARIFF PROTECTION TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REFORM TARIFF STRUCTURE TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERS TIMBER TOTAL COSTS TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE MONOPOLY TRADE PARTNERS TRADE PERFORMANCE TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY INSTRUMENTS TRADE POLICY REFORM TRADE POLICY REFORMS TRADE REFORM TRADE REFORMS TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADING PARTNERS TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT UNDERLYING PROBLEM UNILATERAL ACTION VALUE ADDED WELFARE GAINS WORLD MARKET WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM Martin, Will Trade Policy Reform in the East Asian Transition Economies |
| description |
The performance of the East Asian
transition economies in export and income growth has been
strikingly better than that of countries in Eastern Europe
and the former Soviet Union. The East Asian economies have
achieved remarkably high growth rates in outputs and exports
without the often large declines in output and exports
observed in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. East
Asian reformers have successfully made many of the parallel
changes needed in both domestic and trade policies to secure
export and income growth. (It makes no sense, for example,
to introduce the trade policy instruments of a market
economy when the domestic economy is still based on central
planning.) But there has been no single magic formula for
their success. The author discusses what each of the
economies (Cambodia, China, Lao People's Democratic
Republic, and Vietnam) has done. China experienced an
extended transition process; the transition ws much shorter
in other East Asian transition economies--especially
Cambodia. Several of the East Asian transition economies
used accession to a regional arrangement as part of their
reform strategy. China focused mainly on unilateral reforms
and, more recently, reforms associated with its accession to
the World Trade Organization. Most have made extensive use
of policies to attract foreign investment and to mitigate
the burden of protection on manufacturing exporters. Most of
the remaining trade policy problems, although difficult,
appear to be problems more of development than of transition. |
| topic_facet |
AGREEMENT ON TRADE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE ANTIDUMPING APPAREL AUTONOMY AVERAGE TARIFF AVERAGE TARIFF RATE AVERAGE TARIFF RATES AVERAGE TARIFFS BENCHMARK BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENT CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL GOODS CAPITAL MARKET CAUSE FOR CONCERN CENTRAL PLANNING CHANGES IN TRADE CLOSED ECONOMY COAL COMMODITY PRICES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMER GOODS CONSUMERS CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS DUTIES DECENTRALIZATION DEVALUATION DEVELOPMENT DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC ECONOMY DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DISTORTIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INFORMATION ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMISTS EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPLOITATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT ORIENTATION EXPORT PRODUCTION EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORTERS EXPORTS FINAL GOODS FIXED PRICES FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAW FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREA FREE TRADE ZONES GDP GRAIN TRADE GROUPS OF COMMODITIES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES IMPORT PLANNING IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT SIDE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IMPORT TARIFF IMPORTS INCOME INCOME GROWTH INFANT INDUSTRY ARGUMENT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT POLICIES LABOR STANDARDS LAND USE LEGAL INSTITUTIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL CURRENCY MARKET PRICES MERCHANDISE TRADE MONOPOLIES NATURAL RESOURCES NONTARIFF BARRIER NONTARIFF BARRIERS OIL OPEN ECONOMY OPEN TRADE OPEN TRADE REGIME OPENNESS PLANNED ECONOMY POLICY INSTRUMENTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS QUOTAS RATES OF PROTECTION REGIONAL ARRANGEMENT REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETURN ON CAPITAL REVENUE RAISING STATIC BENEFITS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS TARIFF LINES TARIFF PROTECTION TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REFORM TARIFF STRUCTURE TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERS TIMBER TOTAL COSTS TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE MONOPOLY TRADE PARTNERS TRADE PERFORMANCE TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY INSTRUMENTS TRADE POLICY REFORM TRADE POLICY REFORMS TRADE REFORM TRADE REFORMS TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADING PARTNERS TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT UNDERLYING PROBLEM UNILATERAL ACTION VALUE ADDED WELFARE GAINS WORLD MARKET WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM |
| author |
Martin, Will |
| author_facet |
Martin, Will |
| author_sort |
Martin, Will |
| title |
Trade Policy Reform in the East Asian Transition Economies |
| title_short |
Trade Policy Reform in the East Asian Transition Economies |
| title_full |
Trade Policy Reform in the East Asian Transition Economies |
| title_fullStr |
Trade Policy Reform in the East Asian Transition Economies |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Trade Policy Reform in the East Asian Transition Economies |
| title_sort |
trade policy reform in the east asian transition economies |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2001-01 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/01/891731/trade-policy-reform-east-asian-transition-economies https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19717 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT martinwill tradepolicyreformintheeastasiantransitioneconomies |
| _version_ |
1807158313658351616 |
| spelling |
dig-okr-10986197172024-08-08T18:04:43Z Trade Policy Reform in the East Asian Transition Economies Martin, Will AGREEMENT ON TRADE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE ANTIDUMPING APPAREL AUTONOMY AVERAGE TARIFF AVERAGE TARIFF RATE AVERAGE TARIFF RATES AVERAGE TARIFFS BENCHMARK BILATERAL TRADE BILATERAL TRADE AGREEMENT CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CAPITAL GOODS CAPITAL MARKET CAUSE FOR CONCERN CENTRAL PLANNING CHANGES IN TRADE CLOSED ECONOMY COAL COMMODITY PRICES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSUMER GOODS CONSUMERS CURRENCY CUSTOMS CUSTOMS DUTIES DECENTRALIZATION DEVALUATION DEVELOPMENT DOMESTIC DEMAND DOMESTIC ECONOMY DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCTION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DISTORTIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INFORMATION ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMISTS EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPLOITATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT ORIENTATION EXPORT PRODUCTION EXPORT SUBSIDIES EXPORTERS EXPORTS FINAL GOODS FIXED PRICES FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENT LAW FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN TRADE FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREA FREE TRADE ZONES GDP GRAIN TRADE GROUPS OF COMMODITIES GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES IMPORT PLANNING IMPORT QUOTAS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORT SIDE IMPORT SUBSTITUTION IMPORT TARIFF IMPORTS INCOME INCOME GROWTH INFANT INDUSTRY ARGUMENT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTERMEDIATE INPUTS INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVESTMENT POLICIES LABOR STANDARDS LAND USE LEGAL INSTITUTIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL CURRENCY MARKET PRICES MERCHANDISE TRADE MONOPOLIES NATURAL RESOURCES NONTARIFF BARRIER NONTARIFF BARRIERS OIL OPEN ECONOMY OPEN TRADE OPEN TRADE REGIME OPENNESS PLANNED ECONOMY POLICY INSTRUMENTS POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROPERTY RIGHTS QUOTAS RATES OF PROTECTION REGIONAL ARRANGEMENT REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RETURN ON CAPITAL REVENUE RAISING STATIC BENEFITS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF EQUIVALENTS TARIFF LINES TARIFF PROTECTION TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF REDUCTIONS TARIFF REFORM TARIFF STRUCTURE TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERS TIMBER TOTAL COSTS TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE MONOPOLY TRADE PARTNERS TRADE PERFORMANCE TRADE POLICIES TRADE POLICY TRADE POLICY INSTRUMENTS TRADE POLICY REFORM TRADE POLICY REFORMS TRADE REFORM TRADE REFORMS TRADE REGIME TRADE REGIMES TRADING PARTNERS TRANSITION ECONOMIES TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT UNDERLYING PROBLEM UNILATERAL ACTION VALUE ADDED WELFARE GAINS WORLD MARKET WORLD MARKETS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WORLD TRADING SYSTEM The performance of the East Asian transition economies in export and income growth has been strikingly better than that of countries in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The East Asian economies have achieved remarkably high growth rates in outputs and exports without the often large declines in output and exports observed in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. East Asian reformers have successfully made many of the parallel changes needed in both domestic and trade policies to secure export and income growth. (It makes no sense, for example, to introduce the trade policy instruments of a market economy when the domestic economy is still based on central planning.) But there has been no single magic formula for their success. The author discusses what each of the economies (Cambodia, China, Lao People's Democratic Republic, and Vietnam) has done. China experienced an extended transition process; the transition ws much shorter in other East Asian transition economies--especially Cambodia. Several of the East Asian transition economies used accession to a regional arrangement as part of their reform strategy. China focused mainly on unilateral reforms and, more recently, reforms associated with its accession to the World Trade Organization. Most have made extensive use of policies to attract foreign investment and to mitigate the burden of protection on manufacturing exporters. Most of the remaining trade policy problems, although difficult, appear to be problems more of development than of transition. 2014-08-26T20:11:04Z 2014-08-26T20:11:04Z 2001-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/01/891731/trade-policy-reform-east-asian-transition-economies https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19717 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2535 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC |