International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation
The author examines the special role that trade liberalization in services industries can play in stimulating trade in both services, and goods. International trade in goods requires inputs from such trade services as transportation, insurance, and finance, for example. Restrictions on services across borders, and within foreign countries add costs, and barriers to international trade. Liberalizing trade in services could also facilitate trade in goods, providing more benefits than one might expect from analysis merely of the services trade. To emphasize the point, the author notes that the benefits for trade are arguably enhanced by the phenomenon of fragmentation. The more that production processes become split across locations, with the fragments tied together, and coordinated by various trade services, the greater the gains from reductions in the costs of services. The incentives for such fragmentation can be greater across countries, than within countries, because of the greater differences in factor prices, and technologies. But the service costs of international fragmentation can also be larger, especially if regulations, and restrictions impede the international provision of services. As a result, trade liberalization in services can stimulate the fragmentation of production of both goods, and services, thus increasing international trade, and the gains from trade even further. Since fragmentation seems to characterize an increasing portion of world specialization, the importance of service liberalization is growing apace.
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dig-okr-1098619703 |
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dig-okr-10986197032024-08-08T18:03:06Z International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation Deardorff, Alan V. AIRCRAFT AIRLINES APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY CARGO CARRIERS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSTRUCTION SERVICES CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS COST SAVINGS COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CURRENCY DEMAND CURVE DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCERS DOMESTIC PROVIDERS DOMESTIC REGULATIONS DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ECONOMISTS EQUILIBRIUM FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COSTS FOREIGN COMPANY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICE PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICES FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE TRADE GATS GATT IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INSURANCE INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INSURANCE SERVICES INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF GOODS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE IN GOODS LIBERALIZING TRADE LOADING MARKET ACCESS MULTILATERAL TRADE MUTUAL RECOGNITION NATIONAL SUPPLIERS OPENNESS PRICE OF IMPORTS PRODUCER SURPLUS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PROFESSIONAL SERVICES PROPERTY RIGHTS PROVISION OF SERVICES RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS SERVICE ACTIVITIES SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SECTORS SERVICE TRANSACTIONS SERVICES SERVICES INDUSTRIES SERVICES LIBERALIZATION SERVICES PROVIDERS SERVICES TRADE SHIPMENTS SHIPPING SHIPPING COSTS SPECIALIZATION TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF REDUCTION TARIFF REVENUE TRADE TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE COSTS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICY TRADE SERVICES TRADE THEORY TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TRAVEL SERVICES TRUCKS URUGUAY ROUND VERTICAL SPECIALIZATION WAGES WELFARE EFFECTS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO The author examines the special role that trade liberalization in services industries can play in stimulating trade in both services, and goods. International trade in goods requires inputs from such trade services as transportation, insurance, and finance, for example. Restrictions on services across borders, and within foreign countries add costs, and barriers to international trade. Liberalizing trade in services could also facilitate trade in goods, providing more benefits than one might expect from analysis merely of the services trade. To emphasize the point, the author notes that the benefits for trade are arguably enhanced by the phenomenon of fragmentation. The more that production processes become split across locations, with the fragments tied together, and coordinated by various trade services, the greater the gains from reductions in the costs of services. The incentives for such fragmentation can be greater across countries, than within countries, because of the greater differences in factor prices, and technologies. But the service costs of international fragmentation can also be larger, especially if regulations, and restrictions impede the international provision of services. As a result, trade liberalization in services can stimulate the fragmentation of production of both goods, and services, thus increasing international trade, and the gains from trade even further. Since fragmentation seems to characterize an increasing portion of world specialization, the importance of service liberalization is growing apace. 2014-08-26T19:03:06Z 2014-08-26T19:03:06Z 2001-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/02/1121177/international-provision-trade-services-trade-fragmentation https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19703 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2548 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC |
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Banco Mundial |
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Estados Unidos |
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US |
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Bibliográfico |
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En linea |
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dig-okr |
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biblioteca |
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America del Norte |
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Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
AIRCRAFT AIRLINES APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY CARGO CARRIERS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSTRUCTION SERVICES CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS COST SAVINGS COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CURRENCY DEMAND CURVE DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCERS DOMESTIC PROVIDERS DOMESTIC REGULATIONS DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ECONOMISTS EQUILIBRIUM FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COSTS FOREIGN COMPANY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICE PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICES FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE TRADE GATS GATT IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INSURANCE INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INSURANCE SERVICES INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF GOODS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE IN GOODS LIBERALIZING TRADE LOADING MARKET ACCESS MULTILATERAL TRADE MUTUAL RECOGNITION NATIONAL SUPPLIERS OPENNESS PRICE OF IMPORTS PRODUCER SURPLUS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PROFESSIONAL SERVICES PROPERTY RIGHTS PROVISION OF SERVICES RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS SERVICE ACTIVITIES SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SECTORS SERVICE TRANSACTIONS SERVICES SERVICES INDUSTRIES SERVICES LIBERALIZATION SERVICES PROVIDERS SERVICES TRADE SHIPMENTS SHIPPING SHIPPING COSTS SPECIALIZATION TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF REDUCTION TARIFF REVENUE TRADE TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE COSTS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICY TRADE SERVICES TRADE THEORY TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TRAVEL SERVICES TRUCKS URUGUAY ROUND VERTICAL SPECIALIZATION WAGES WELFARE EFFECTS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO AIRCRAFT AIRLINES APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY CARGO CARRIERS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSTRUCTION SERVICES CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS COST SAVINGS COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CURRENCY DEMAND CURVE DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCERS DOMESTIC PROVIDERS DOMESTIC REGULATIONS DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ECONOMISTS EQUILIBRIUM FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COSTS FOREIGN COMPANY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICE PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICES FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE TRADE GATS GATT IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INSURANCE INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INSURANCE SERVICES INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF GOODS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE IN GOODS LIBERALIZING TRADE LOADING MARKET ACCESS MULTILATERAL TRADE MUTUAL RECOGNITION NATIONAL SUPPLIERS OPENNESS PRICE OF IMPORTS PRODUCER SURPLUS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PROFESSIONAL SERVICES PROPERTY RIGHTS PROVISION OF SERVICES RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS SERVICE ACTIVITIES SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SECTORS SERVICE TRANSACTIONS SERVICES SERVICES INDUSTRIES SERVICES LIBERALIZATION SERVICES PROVIDERS SERVICES TRADE SHIPMENTS SHIPPING SHIPPING COSTS SPECIALIZATION TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF REDUCTION TARIFF REVENUE TRADE TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE COSTS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICY TRADE SERVICES TRADE THEORY TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TRAVEL SERVICES TRUCKS URUGUAY ROUND VERTICAL SPECIALIZATION WAGES WELFARE EFFECTS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO |
| spellingShingle |
AIRCRAFT AIRLINES APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY CARGO CARRIERS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSTRUCTION SERVICES CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS COST SAVINGS COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CURRENCY DEMAND CURVE DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCERS DOMESTIC PROVIDERS DOMESTIC REGULATIONS DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ECONOMISTS EQUILIBRIUM FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COSTS FOREIGN COMPANY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICE PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICES FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE TRADE GATS GATT IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INSURANCE INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INSURANCE SERVICES INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF GOODS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE IN GOODS LIBERALIZING TRADE LOADING MARKET ACCESS MULTILATERAL TRADE MUTUAL RECOGNITION NATIONAL SUPPLIERS OPENNESS PRICE OF IMPORTS PRODUCER SURPLUS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PROFESSIONAL SERVICES PROPERTY RIGHTS PROVISION OF SERVICES RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS SERVICE ACTIVITIES SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SECTORS SERVICE TRANSACTIONS SERVICES SERVICES INDUSTRIES SERVICES LIBERALIZATION SERVICES PROVIDERS SERVICES TRADE SHIPMENTS SHIPPING SHIPPING COSTS SPECIALIZATION TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF REDUCTION TARIFF REVENUE TRADE TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE COSTS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICY TRADE SERVICES TRADE THEORY TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TRAVEL SERVICES TRUCKS URUGUAY ROUND VERTICAL SPECIALIZATION WAGES WELFARE EFFECTS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO AIRCRAFT AIRLINES APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY CARGO CARRIERS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSTRUCTION SERVICES CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS COST SAVINGS COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CURRENCY DEMAND CURVE DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCERS DOMESTIC PROVIDERS DOMESTIC REGULATIONS DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ECONOMISTS EQUILIBRIUM FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COSTS FOREIGN COMPANY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICE PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICES FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE TRADE GATS GATT IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INSURANCE INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INSURANCE SERVICES INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF GOODS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE IN GOODS LIBERALIZING TRADE LOADING MARKET ACCESS MULTILATERAL TRADE MUTUAL RECOGNITION NATIONAL SUPPLIERS OPENNESS PRICE OF IMPORTS PRODUCER SURPLUS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PROFESSIONAL SERVICES PROPERTY RIGHTS PROVISION OF SERVICES RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS SERVICE ACTIVITIES SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SECTORS SERVICE TRANSACTIONS SERVICES SERVICES INDUSTRIES SERVICES LIBERALIZATION SERVICES PROVIDERS SERVICES TRADE SHIPMENTS SHIPPING SHIPPING COSTS SPECIALIZATION TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF REDUCTION TARIFF REVENUE TRADE TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE COSTS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICY TRADE SERVICES TRADE THEORY TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TRAVEL SERVICES TRUCKS URUGUAY ROUND VERTICAL SPECIALIZATION WAGES WELFARE EFFECTS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Deardorff, Alan V. International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation |
| description |
The author examines the special role
that trade liberalization in services industries can play in
stimulating trade in both services, and goods. International
trade in goods requires inputs from such trade services as
transportation, insurance, and finance, for example.
Restrictions on services across borders, and within foreign
countries add costs, and barriers to international trade.
Liberalizing trade in services could also facilitate trade
in goods, providing more benefits than one might expect from
analysis merely of the services trade. To emphasize the
point, the author notes that the benefits for trade are
arguably enhanced by the phenomenon of fragmentation. The
more that production processes become split across
locations, with the fragments tied together, and coordinated
by various trade services, the greater the gains from
reductions in the costs of services. The incentives for such
fragmentation can be greater across countries, than within
countries, because of the greater differences in factor
prices, and technologies. But the service costs of
international fragmentation can also be larger, especially
if regulations, and restrictions impede the international
provision of services. As a result, trade liberalization in
services can stimulate the fragmentation of production of
both goods, and services, thus increasing international
trade, and the gains from trade even further. Since
fragmentation seems to characterize an increasing portion of
world specialization, the importance of service
liberalization is growing apace. |
| topic_facet |
AIRCRAFT AIRLINES APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY CARGO CARRIERS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSTRUCTION SERVICES CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS COST SAVINGS COUNTRY OF ORIGIN CURRENCY DEMAND CURVE DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC PRODUCERS DOMESTIC PROVIDERS DOMESTIC REGULATIONS DOMESTIC SUPPLIERS ECONOMIES OF SCALE ECONOMISTS EQUILIBRIUM FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COSTS FOREIGN COMPANY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN MARKETS FOREIGN PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICE PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICES FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE TRADE GATS GATT IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCREASING RETURNS INCREASING RETURNS TO SCALE INSURANCE INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INSURANCE SERVICES INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF GOODS INTERNATIONAL TRADE INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE IN GOODS LIBERALIZING TRADE LOADING MARKET ACCESS MULTILATERAL TRADE MUTUAL RECOGNITION NATIONAL SUPPLIERS OPENNESS PRICE OF IMPORTS PRODUCER SURPLUS PRODUCERS PRODUCTION PROCESSES PROFESSIONAL SERVICES PROPERTY RIGHTS PROVISION OF SERVICES RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS SERVICE ACTIVITIES SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SECTORS SERVICE TRANSACTIONS SERVICES SERVICES INDUSTRIES SERVICES LIBERALIZATION SERVICES PROVIDERS SERVICES TRADE SHIPMENTS SHIPPING SHIPPING COSTS SPECIALIZATION TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF REDUCTION TARIFF REVENUE TRADE TRADE TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE COSTS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE LIBERALIZATION TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRADE POLICY TRADE SERVICES TRADE THEORY TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES TRANSPORTATION SERVICES TRAVEL SERVICES TRUCKS URUGUAY ROUND VERTICAL SPECIALIZATION WAGES WELFARE EFFECTS WORLD PRICES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO |
| author |
Deardorff, Alan V. |
| author_facet |
Deardorff, Alan V. |
| author_sort |
Deardorff, Alan V. |
| title |
International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation |
| title_short |
International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation |
| title_full |
International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation |
| title_fullStr |
International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation |
| title_full_unstemmed |
International Provision of Trade Services, Trade, and Fragmentation |
| title_sort |
international provision of trade services, trade, and fragmentation |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2001-02 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/02/1121177/international-provision-trade-services-trade-fragmentation https://hdl.handle.net/10986/19703 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT deardorffalanv internationalprovisionoftradeservicestradeandfragmentation |
| _version_ |
1807154797947650048 |