Shaping the Future : A Long-Term Perspective of People and Job Mobility in the Middle East and North Africa

The objective of this study is to provide a long-term perspective for the ongoing policy dialogue on the management of labor migration in Europe and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. It is organized as follows. Chapter one puts the report and migration in the context of the economic and social development in MENA countries. Chapter two provides the historical context of MENA migration patterns and an overview of the presence and skill characteristics of migrants in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries today. This chapter also discusses the potential for insourcing, that is, migration of jobs into the region as an alternative or complement to labor migration. Chapter three analyzes the demand and supply framework for migration, the determinants of migration patterns, and the potential demand for labor in the European Union (EU), and the characteristics and trends of MENA labor supply. Chapter four looks to the worldwide impact of demographic and labor force developments in the decades ahead and their implications on labor and job mobility. The chapter analyzes the likely population and labor force growth in Europe and MENA, the challenges this growth poses, and the scope for demographic arbitrage between the two regions. This chapter provides the basis for the fifth and concluding chapter. Chapter five covers the institutional setup and the various economic and social protection policies and practices worldwide that have a strong and positive bearing on migration flows and presents a conceptual framework on both the labor and job sending and receiving sides that can be used by policy makers to articulate, defend, and implement a collaborative approach to the challenges ahead.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2009-01
Subjects:	ABUSE, ADULT POPULATION, AGE GROUP, AGGREGATE INCOME, AGRICULTURAL POLICIES, ASYLUM, ASYLUM POLICIES, ATTRITION, AVERAGE EDUCATION LEVEL, BRAIN DRAIN, CLIMATE CHANGE, COUNTRIES OF ORIGIN, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, DECLINES IN FERTILITY, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE, DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DISPLACEMENT, DISSEMINATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, EDUCATED MIGRANTS, EDUCATION SYSTEMS, ELDERLY, EMPLOYMENT CREATION, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT SITUATION, FAMILY FORMATION, FAMILY REUNIFICATION, FEMALE MIGRANTS, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATES, FEWER PEOPLE, FLOW OF MIGRANTS, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN LABOR, FOREIGN WORKERS, FUTURE GROWTH, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GLOBAL WORKFORCE, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH SERVICES, HIGH ILLITERACY RATES, HOME COUNTRIES, HOST COUNTRIES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RIGHTS, IMMIGRANT, IMMIGRANTS, IMMIGRATION, IMMIGRATION COUNTRIES, IMMIGRATION POLICIES, IMPACT OF MIGRATION, INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATES, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL POLICY, INTERNATIONAL REFUGEES, INTERNATIONALIZATION, INVESTMENTS IN EDUCATION, IRREGULAR MIGRANTS, IRREGULAR MIGRATION, JOB COUNSELING, JOB CREATION, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, JOB VACANCIES, JOB VACANCY, JOBS, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR EXPLOITATION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE GROWTH, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR FORCES, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET NEEDS, LABOR MARKET REFORMS, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR MIGRATION, LABOR MOBILITY, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, LABOR SHORTAGES, LABOR SUPPLY, LABOUR, LEGAL STATUS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCIES, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVING STANDARDS, LONG-TERM RESIDENTS, LONGER LIFE, LOW FERTILITY, LOW LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LOWER FERTILITY, MANPOWER, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MIGRANT, MIGRANT LABOR, MIGRANT POPULATIONS, MIGRANT WORKERS, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MIGRATION FLOWS, MIGRATION POLICIES, MIGRATION POLICY, MIGRATION STATISTICS, MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS, MOBILITY OF LABOR, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, NATIONAL BOUNDARIES, NATIONALS, NATIVE WORKERS, NATURAL DISASTERS, NET EMPLOYMENT, NURSES, OCCUPATION, OCCUPATIONS, OLD-AGE, PENSIONS, POLICY DIALOGUE, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLICY MAKERS, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION INCREASE, POPULATION MOVEMENTS, POTENTIAL MIGRANTS, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIME EXAMPLE, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECTOR JOB, PROGRESS, PROTECTED INDUSTRIES, PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, QUALITY OF LIFE, REAL WAGES, REASONABLE ASSUMPTIONS, RECIPIENT COUNTRIES, REFUGEE, REFUGEES, REMITTANCE, REMITTANCES, REPLACEMENT WORKERS, RESPECT, RETIREMENT, RETURN MIGRATION, RISING UNEMPLOYMENT, RISING UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, SAFETY NETS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY LEVELS OF EDUCATION, SERVICE SECTOR, SIGNIFICANT POLICY, SKILL LEVEL, SKILL SHORTAGES, SKILL STRUCTURE, SKILLED LABOR, SKILLED MANPOWER, SKILLED MIGRANTS, SKILLED PERSONNEL, SKILLED WORKER, SKILLED WORKERS, SKILLED WORKFORCE, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL CONFLICT, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL TENSIONS, SOCIAL WELFARE, STATE PLANNING, SUPPLIERS, TEMPORARY MIGRATION, TERRORIST, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TOTAL EMPLOYMENT, TOTAL LABOR FORCE, TRAINING CENTERS, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRANSPORTATION, UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANTS, UNDOCUMENTED MIGRATION, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT PROBLEM, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VULNERABILITY, WAR, WARS, WORKFORCE, WORKING CONDITIONS, WORKING-AGE POPULATION, WORLD POPULATION, XENOPHOBIA, YOUNG WORKERS, YOUTH ILLITERACY, YOUTH ILLITERACY RATE,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2009/01/11053888/shaping-future-long-term-perspective-people-job-mobility-middle-east-north-africa https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18546
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