Poverty and Economic Growth in Egypt, 1995-2000

After a decade of slow economic growth Egypt's rate of growth recovered in the late 1990s, averaging more than five percent a year. But the effect of this growth on poverty patterns has not been systematically examined using consistent, comparable household datasets. In this paper, the authors use the rich set of unit-level data from the most recent Egyptian household surveys (1995-96 and 1999-2000) to assess changes in poverty and inequality between 1995 and 2000. Their analysis is based on household-specific poverty lines that account for the differences in regional prices, as well as differences in the consumption preferences and size and age composition of poor households. The results show that average household expenditures rose in the second half of the 1990s and the poverty rate fell from 20 percent to less than 17 percent. But, in addition to the ongoing divide in the urban-rural standard of living, a new geographical/regional divide emerged in the late 1990s. Poverty was found predominantly among less-educated individuals, particularly those working in agriculture and construction, and among seasonal and occasional workers. These groups could suffer the most from the slowing economic growth evident after 1999-2000.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	El-Laithy, Heba, Lokshin, Michael, Banerji, Arup
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2003-06
Subjects:	POVERTY RATES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, CONSUMPTION PATTERNS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS, EQUALITY ADULT FEMALES, ANNUAL GROWTH, ANNUAL GROWTH RATE, ANNUAL RATE, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC NEEDS, CALORIC REQUIREMENT, CALORIC REQUIREMENTS, CAPACITY BUILDING, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, COST-OF-BASIC-NEEDS METHOD, CPI, DATA COLLECTION, DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION, DEMOGRAPHICS, DEPENDENT VARIABLE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT ISSUES, DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION, DOMESTIC PRODUCTS, ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS, ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES, ECONOMIC REVIEW, ECONOMIC WELFARE, ECONOMICS, ECONOMICS LETTERS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EDUCATION LEVEL, ELASTICITIES, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, ERROR TERM, ESCAPE POVERTY, ESTIMATED COEFFICIENTS, ESTIMATION RESULTS, EXPENDITURE DISTRIBUTION, EXPENDITURE QUINTILES, EXPLANATORY VARIABLES, EXTREME POVERTY, FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FOOD BASKET, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD EXPENDITURES, FOOD ITEMS, FOOD POVERTY, FOOD POVERTY LINE, FOOD SHARE, GINI COEFFICIENT, GROWTH COMPONENT, GROWTH RATES, GROWTH-INCIDENCE CURVES, GROWTH-REDISTRIBUTION DECOMPOSITION, HEADCOUNT INDEX, HOUSEHOLD, HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS, HOUSEHOLD DATA, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS, HOUSEHOLD POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HOUSEHOLD WELL-BEING, INCOME, INCOME COUNTRIES, INCOME GROUPS, INEQUALITY LEVELS, INFLATION, INFORMAL SECTOR, JOB LOSS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LIVING INDICES, LOW INEQUALITY, MACROECONOMIC POLICY, MEAN EXPENDITURE, MEASURING POVERTY, MILLION PEOPLE, NATIONAL AVERAGE, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POVERTY, NEGATIVE EFFECT, NONFOOD EXPENDITURE, NONFOOD ITEMS, NORMAL DISTRIBUTION, NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION LEVEL, PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE, POINT DECLINE, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLICY INITIATIVES, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY OPTIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PEOPLE, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY ANALYSIS, POVERTY COMPARISONS, POVERTY DYNAMICS, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY GAP INDEX, POVERTY HEADCOUNT, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY INCREASES, POVERTY LEVELS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY MEASUREMENT, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY PROFILE, POVERTY PROFILES, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION POLICY, POVERTY RISKS, POVERTY STATUS, POVERTY TRENDS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRO-POOR, PRO-POOR GROWTH, PUBLIC ENTERPRISES, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC USE, REDUCED POVERTY, REDUCING POVERTY, REGIONAL DECOMPOSITION, REGIONAL DIFFERENCES, REGIONAL POVERTY LINE, RELATIVE POVERTY, RELATIVE PRICES, RURAL AREAS, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, SAMPLE SIZE, SAMPLE SIZES, SAVINGS, SCHOOL GRADUATES, SIGNIFICANT EFFECT, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, SOCIAL POLICIES, SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, SPECIFIC POVERTY LINE, STANDARD DEVIATION, UNDERSTANDING POVERTY, URBAN AREAS, URBAN HOUSEHOLDS, WAGES, WATERSHED, WELFARE DISTRIBUTION, WELFARE INDICATOR, WELFARE LEVELS, EQUALITY, ADULT FEMALES,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/06/2390971/poverty-economic-growth-egypt-1995-2000 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/18165
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