Poverty and Economic Growth in Egypt, 1995-2000
After a decade of slow economic growth Egypt's rate of growth recovered in the late 1990s, averaging more than five percent a year. But the effect of this growth on poverty patterns has not been systematically examined using consistent, comparable household datasets. In this paper, the authors use the rich set of unit-level data from the most recent Egyptian household surveys (1995-96 and 1999-2000) to assess changes in poverty and inequality between 1995 and 2000. Their analysis is based on household-specific poverty lines that account for the differences in regional prices, as well as differences in the consumption preferences and size and age composition of poor households. The results show that average household expenditures rose in the second half of the 1990s and the poverty rate fell from 20 percent to less than 17 percent. But, in addition to the ongoing divide in the urban-rural standard of living, a new geographical/regional divide emerged in the late 1990s. Poverty was found predominantly among less-educated individuals, particularly those working in agriculture and construction, and among seasonal and occasional workers. These groups could suffer the most from the slowing economic growth evident after 1999-2000.
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| topic |
POVERTY RATES ECONOMIC GROWTH HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS CONSUMPTION PATTERNS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS EQUALITY ADULT FEMALES ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE ANNUAL RATE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BASIC EDUCATION BASIC NEEDS CALORIC REQUIREMENT CALORIC REQUIREMENTS CAPACITY BUILDING CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES COST-OF-BASIC-NEEDS METHOD CPI DATA COLLECTION DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEMOGRAPHICS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT ISSUES DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT STUDIES DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION DOMESTIC PRODUCTS ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC WELFARE ECONOMICS ECONOMICS LETTERS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EDUCATION LEVEL ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT STATUS ERROR TERM ESCAPE POVERTY ESTIMATED COEFFICIENTS ESTIMATION RESULTS EXPENDITURE DISTRIBUTION EXPENDITURE QUINTILES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTREME POVERTY FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FOOD BASKET FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEMS FOOD POVERTY FOOD POVERTY LINE FOOD SHARE GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH COMPONENT GROWTH RATES GROWTH-INCIDENCE CURVES GROWTH-REDISTRIBUTION DECOMPOSITION HEADCOUNT INDEX HOUSEHOLD HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLD WELL-BEING INCOME INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME GROUPS INEQUALITY LEVELS INFLATION INFORMAL SECTOR JOB LOSS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LIVING INDICES LOW INEQUALITY MACROECONOMIC POLICY MEAN EXPENDITURE MEASURING POVERTY MILLION PEOPLE NATIONAL AVERAGE NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POVERTY NEGATIVE EFFECT NONFOOD EXPENDITURE NONFOOD ITEMS NORMAL DISTRIBUTION NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION LEVEL PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POINT DECLINE POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY INITIATIVES POLICY MAKERS POLICY OPTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY HEADCOUNT POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INCREASES POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILE POVERTY PROFILES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION POLICY POVERTY RISKS POVERTY STATUS POVERTY TRENDS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC USE REDUCED POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL DECOMPOSITION REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL POVERTY LINE RELATIVE POVERTY RELATIVE PRICES RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE SIZES SAVINGS SCHOOL GRADUATES SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS SOCIAL POLICIES SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPECIFIC POVERTY LINE STANDARD DEVIATION UNDERSTANDING POVERTY URBAN AREAS URBAN HOUSEHOLDS WAGES WATERSHED WELFARE DISTRIBUTION WELFARE INDICATOR WELFARE LEVELS EQUALITY ADULT FEMALES POVERTY RATES ECONOMIC GROWTH HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS CONSUMPTION PATTERNS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS EQUALITY ADULT FEMALES ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE ANNUAL RATE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BASIC EDUCATION BASIC NEEDS CALORIC REQUIREMENT CALORIC REQUIREMENTS CAPACITY BUILDING CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES COST-OF-BASIC-NEEDS METHOD CPI DATA COLLECTION DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEMOGRAPHICS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT ISSUES DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT STUDIES DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION DOMESTIC PRODUCTS ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC WELFARE ECONOMICS ECONOMICS LETTERS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EDUCATION LEVEL ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT STATUS ERROR TERM ESCAPE POVERTY ESTIMATED COEFFICIENTS ESTIMATION RESULTS EXPENDITURE DISTRIBUTION EXPENDITURE QUINTILES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTREME POVERTY FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FOOD BASKET FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEMS FOOD POVERTY FOOD POVERTY LINE FOOD SHARE GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH COMPONENT GROWTH RATES GROWTH-INCIDENCE CURVES GROWTH-REDISTRIBUTION DECOMPOSITION HEADCOUNT INDEX HOUSEHOLD HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLD WELL-BEING INCOME INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME GROUPS INEQUALITY LEVELS INFLATION INFORMAL SECTOR JOB LOSS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LIVING INDICES LOW INEQUALITY MACROECONOMIC POLICY MEAN EXPENDITURE MEASURING POVERTY MILLION PEOPLE NATIONAL AVERAGE NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POVERTY NEGATIVE EFFECT NONFOOD EXPENDITURE NONFOOD ITEMS NORMAL DISTRIBUTION NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION LEVEL PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POINT DECLINE POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY INITIATIVES POLICY MAKERS POLICY OPTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY HEADCOUNT POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INCREASES POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILE POVERTY PROFILES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION POLICY POVERTY RISKS POVERTY STATUS POVERTY TRENDS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC USE REDUCED POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL DECOMPOSITION REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL POVERTY LINE RELATIVE POVERTY RELATIVE PRICES RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE SIZES SAVINGS SCHOOL GRADUATES SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS SOCIAL POLICIES SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPECIFIC POVERTY LINE STANDARD DEVIATION UNDERSTANDING POVERTY URBAN AREAS URBAN HOUSEHOLDS WAGES WATERSHED WELFARE DISTRIBUTION WELFARE INDICATOR WELFARE LEVELS EQUALITY ADULT FEMALES |
| spellingShingle |
POVERTY RATES ECONOMIC GROWTH HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS CONSUMPTION PATTERNS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS EQUALITY ADULT FEMALES ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE ANNUAL RATE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BASIC EDUCATION BASIC NEEDS CALORIC REQUIREMENT CALORIC REQUIREMENTS CAPACITY BUILDING CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES COST-OF-BASIC-NEEDS METHOD CPI DATA COLLECTION DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEMOGRAPHICS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT ISSUES DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT STUDIES DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION DOMESTIC PRODUCTS ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC WELFARE ECONOMICS ECONOMICS LETTERS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EDUCATION LEVEL ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT STATUS ERROR TERM ESCAPE POVERTY ESTIMATED COEFFICIENTS ESTIMATION RESULTS EXPENDITURE DISTRIBUTION EXPENDITURE QUINTILES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTREME POVERTY FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FOOD BASKET FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEMS FOOD POVERTY FOOD POVERTY LINE FOOD SHARE GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH COMPONENT GROWTH RATES GROWTH-INCIDENCE CURVES GROWTH-REDISTRIBUTION DECOMPOSITION HEADCOUNT INDEX HOUSEHOLD HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLD WELL-BEING INCOME INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME GROUPS INEQUALITY LEVELS INFLATION INFORMAL SECTOR JOB LOSS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LIVING INDICES LOW INEQUALITY MACROECONOMIC POLICY MEAN EXPENDITURE MEASURING POVERTY MILLION PEOPLE NATIONAL AVERAGE NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POVERTY NEGATIVE EFFECT NONFOOD EXPENDITURE NONFOOD ITEMS NORMAL DISTRIBUTION NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION LEVEL PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POINT DECLINE POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY INITIATIVES POLICY MAKERS POLICY OPTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY HEADCOUNT POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INCREASES POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILE POVERTY PROFILES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION POLICY POVERTY RISKS POVERTY STATUS POVERTY TRENDS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC USE REDUCED POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL DECOMPOSITION REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL POVERTY LINE RELATIVE POVERTY RELATIVE PRICES RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE SIZES SAVINGS SCHOOL GRADUATES SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS SOCIAL POLICIES SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPECIFIC POVERTY LINE STANDARD DEVIATION UNDERSTANDING POVERTY URBAN AREAS URBAN HOUSEHOLDS WAGES WATERSHED WELFARE DISTRIBUTION WELFARE INDICATOR WELFARE LEVELS EQUALITY ADULT FEMALES POVERTY RATES ECONOMIC GROWTH HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS CONSUMPTION PATTERNS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS EQUALITY ADULT FEMALES ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE ANNUAL RATE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BASIC EDUCATION BASIC NEEDS CALORIC REQUIREMENT CALORIC REQUIREMENTS CAPACITY BUILDING CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES COST-OF-BASIC-NEEDS METHOD CPI DATA COLLECTION DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEMOGRAPHICS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT ISSUES DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT STUDIES DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION DOMESTIC PRODUCTS ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC WELFARE ECONOMICS ECONOMICS LETTERS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EDUCATION LEVEL ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT STATUS ERROR TERM ESCAPE POVERTY ESTIMATED COEFFICIENTS ESTIMATION RESULTS EXPENDITURE DISTRIBUTION EXPENDITURE QUINTILES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTREME POVERTY FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FOOD BASKET FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEMS FOOD POVERTY FOOD POVERTY LINE FOOD SHARE GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH COMPONENT GROWTH RATES GROWTH-INCIDENCE CURVES GROWTH-REDISTRIBUTION DECOMPOSITION HEADCOUNT INDEX HOUSEHOLD HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLD WELL-BEING INCOME INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME GROUPS INEQUALITY LEVELS INFLATION INFORMAL SECTOR JOB LOSS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LIVING INDICES LOW INEQUALITY MACROECONOMIC POLICY MEAN EXPENDITURE MEASURING POVERTY MILLION PEOPLE NATIONAL AVERAGE NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POVERTY NEGATIVE EFFECT NONFOOD EXPENDITURE NONFOOD ITEMS NORMAL DISTRIBUTION NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION LEVEL PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POINT DECLINE POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY INITIATIVES POLICY MAKERS POLICY OPTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY HEADCOUNT POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INCREASES POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILE POVERTY PROFILES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION POLICY POVERTY RISKS POVERTY STATUS POVERTY TRENDS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC USE REDUCED POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL DECOMPOSITION REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL POVERTY LINE RELATIVE POVERTY RELATIVE PRICES RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE SIZES SAVINGS SCHOOL GRADUATES SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS SOCIAL POLICIES SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPECIFIC POVERTY LINE STANDARD DEVIATION UNDERSTANDING POVERTY URBAN AREAS URBAN HOUSEHOLDS WAGES WATERSHED WELFARE DISTRIBUTION WELFARE INDICATOR WELFARE LEVELS EQUALITY ADULT FEMALES El-Laithy, Heba Lokshin, Michael Banerji, Arup Poverty and Economic Growth in Egypt, 1995-2000 |
| description |
After a decade of slow economic growth
Egypt's rate of growth recovered in the late 1990s,
averaging more than five percent a year. But the effect of
this growth on poverty patterns has not been systematically
examined using consistent, comparable household datasets. In
this paper, the authors use the rich set of unit-level data
from the most recent Egyptian household surveys (1995-96 and
1999-2000) to assess changes in poverty and inequality
between 1995 and 2000. Their analysis is based on
household-specific poverty lines that account for the
differences in regional prices, as well as differences in
the consumption preferences and size and age composition of
poor households. The results show that average household
expenditures rose in the second half of the 1990s and the
poverty rate fell from 20 percent to less than 17 percent.
But, in addition to the ongoing divide in the urban-rural
standard of living, a new geographical/regional divide
emerged in the late 1990s. Poverty was found predominantly
among less-educated individuals, particularly those working
in agriculture and construction, and among seasonal and
occasional workers. These groups could suffer the most from
the slowing economic growth evident after 1999-2000. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| topic_facet |
POVERTY RATES ECONOMIC GROWTH HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS CONSUMPTION PATTERNS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS EQUALITY ADULT FEMALES ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE ANNUAL RATE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BASIC EDUCATION BASIC NEEDS CALORIC REQUIREMENT CALORIC REQUIREMENTS CAPACITY BUILDING CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES COST-OF-BASIC-NEEDS METHOD CPI DATA COLLECTION DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEMOGRAPHICS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT ISSUES DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT STUDIES DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION DOMESTIC PRODUCTS ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC WELFARE ECONOMICS ECONOMICS LETTERS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EDUCATION LEVEL ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT STATUS ERROR TERM ESCAPE POVERTY ESTIMATED COEFFICIENTS ESTIMATION RESULTS EXPENDITURE DISTRIBUTION EXPENDITURE QUINTILES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTREME POVERTY FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FOOD BASKET FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEMS FOOD POVERTY FOOD POVERTY LINE FOOD SHARE GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH COMPONENT GROWTH RATES GROWTH-INCIDENCE CURVES GROWTH-REDISTRIBUTION DECOMPOSITION HEADCOUNT INDEX HOUSEHOLD HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLD WELL-BEING INCOME INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME GROUPS INEQUALITY LEVELS INFLATION INFORMAL SECTOR JOB LOSS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LIVING INDICES LOW INEQUALITY MACROECONOMIC POLICY MEAN EXPENDITURE MEASURING POVERTY MILLION PEOPLE NATIONAL AVERAGE NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POVERTY NEGATIVE EFFECT NONFOOD EXPENDITURE NONFOOD ITEMS NORMAL DISTRIBUTION NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION LEVEL PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POINT DECLINE POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY INITIATIVES POLICY MAKERS POLICY OPTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY HEADCOUNT POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INCREASES POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILE POVERTY PROFILES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION POLICY POVERTY RISKS POVERTY STATUS POVERTY TRENDS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC USE REDUCED POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL DECOMPOSITION REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL POVERTY LINE RELATIVE POVERTY RELATIVE PRICES RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE SIZES SAVINGS SCHOOL GRADUATES SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS SOCIAL POLICIES SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPECIFIC POVERTY LINE STANDARD DEVIATION UNDERSTANDING POVERTY URBAN AREAS URBAN HOUSEHOLDS WAGES WATERSHED WELFARE DISTRIBUTION WELFARE INDICATOR WELFARE LEVELS EQUALITY ADULT FEMALES |
| author |
El-Laithy, Heba Lokshin, Michael Banerji, Arup |
| author_facet |
El-Laithy, Heba Lokshin, Michael Banerji, Arup |
| author_sort |
El-Laithy, Heba |
| title |
Poverty and Economic Growth in Egypt, 1995-2000 |
| title_short |
Poverty and Economic Growth in Egypt, 1995-2000 |
| title_full |
Poverty and Economic Growth in Egypt, 1995-2000 |
| title_fullStr |
Poverty and Economic Growth in Egypt, 1995-2000 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Poverty and Economic Growth in Egypt, 1995-2000 |
| title_sort |
poverty and economic growth in egypt, 1995-2000 |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2003-06 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/06/2390971/poverty-economic-growth-egypt-1995-2000 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18165 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT ellaithyheba povertyandeconomicgrowthinegypt19952000 AT lokshinmichael povertyandeconomicgrowthinegypt19952000 AT banerjiarup povertyandeconomicgrowthinegypt19952000 |
| _version_ |
1756573458283626496 |
| spelling |
dig-okr-10986181652021-04-23T14:03:41Z Poverty and Economic Growth in Egypt, 1995-2000 El-Laithy, Heba Lokshin, Michael Banerji, Arup POVERTY RATES ECONOMIC GROWTH HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS CONSUMPTION PATTERNS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS EQUALITY ADULT FEMALES ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE ANNUAL RATE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BASIC EDUCATION BASIC NEEDS CALORIC REQUIREMENT CALORIC REQUIREMENTS CAPACITY BUILDING CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES COST-OF-BASIC-NEEDS METHOD CPI DATA COLLECTION DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION DEMOGRAPHICS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT ISSUES DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT STUDIES DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION DOMESTIC PRODUCTS ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMIC WELFARE ECONOMICS ECONOMICS LETTERS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EDUCATION LEVEL ELASTICITIES EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT STATUS ERROR TERM ESCAPE POVERTY ESTIMATED COEFFICIENTS ESTIMATION RESULTS EXPENDITURE DISTRIBUTION EXPENDITURE QUINTILES EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXTREME POVERTY FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FOOD BASKET FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD EXPENDITURES FOOD ITEMS FOOD POVERTY FOOD POVERTY LINE FOOD SHARE GINI COEFFICIENT GROWTH COMPONENT GROWTH RATES GROWTH-INCIDENCE CURVES GROWTH-REDISTRIBUTION DECOMPOSITION HEADCOUNT INDEX HOUSEHOLD HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES HOUSEHOLD HEAD HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS HOUSEHOLD POVERTY HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WELFARE HOUSEHOLD WELL-BEING INCOME INCOME COUNTRIES INCOME GROUPS INEQUALITY LEVELS INFLATION INFORMAL SECTOR JOB LOSS LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LIVING INDICES LOW INEQUALITY MACROECONOMIC POLICY MEAN EXPENDITURE MEASURING POVERTY MILLION PEOPLE NATIONAL AVERAGE NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POVERTY NEGATIVE EFFECT NONFOOD EXPENDITURE NONFOOD ITEMS NORMAL DISTRIBUTION NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION LEVEL PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE POINT DECLINE POLICY FRAMEWORK POLICY INITIATIVES POLICY MAKERS POLICY OPTIONS POLICY RESEARCH POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY ANALYSIS POVERTY COMPARISONS POVERTY DYNAMICS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY HEADCOUNT POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY INCREASES POVERTY LEVELS POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASUREMENT POVERTY MEASURES POVERTY PROFILE POVERTY PROFILES POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY REDUCTION POLICY POVERTY RISKS POVERTY STATUS POVERTY TRENDS PRIMARY EDUCATION PRO-POOR PRO-POOR GROWTH PUBLIC ENTERPRISES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC USE REDUCED POVERTY REDUCING POVERTY REGIONAL DECOMPOSITION REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL POVERTY LINE RELATIVE POVERTY RELATIVE PRICES RURAL AREAS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS SAMPLE SIZE SAMPLE SIZES SAVINGS SCHOOL GRADUATES SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS SOCIAL POLICIES SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION SPECIFIC POVERTY LINE STANDARD DEVIATION UNDERSTANDING POVERTY URBAN AREAS URBAN HOUSEHOLDS WAGES WATERSHED WELFARE DISTRIBUTION WELFARE INDICATOR WELFARE LEVELS EQUALITY ADULT FEMALES After a decade of slow economic growth Egypt's rate of growth recovered in the late 1990s, averaging more than five percent a year. But the effect of this growth on poverty patterns has not been systematically examined using consistent, comparable household datasets. In this paper, the authors use the rich set of unit-level data from the most recent Egyptian household surveys (1995-96 and 1999-2000) to assess changes in poverty and inequality between 1995 and 2000. Their analysis is based on household-specific poverty lines that account for the differences in regional prices, as well as differences in the consumption preferences and size and age composition of poor households. The results show that average household expenditures rose in the second half of the 1990s and the poverty rate fell from 20 percent to less than 17 percent. But, in addition to the ongoing divide in the urban-rural standard of living, a new geographical/regional divide emerged in the late 1990s. Poverty was found predominantly among less-educated individuals, particularly those working in agriculture and construction, and among seasonal and occasional workers. These groups could suffer the most from the slowing economic growth evident after 1999-2000. 2014-05-05T19:50:33Z 2014-05-05T19:50:33Z 2003-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/06/2390971/poverty-economic-growth-egypt-1995-2000 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18165 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 3068 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Middle East and North Africa Egypt, Arab Republic of |