Contract Teachers

In this paper authors use non-experimental data from government schools in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, two of the largest Indian states, to present average school outcomes by contract status of teachers. The authors find that after controlling for teacher characteristics and school fixed effects, contract teachers are associated with higher effort than civil service teachers with permanent tenures. Higher teacher effort is associated with better student performance after controlling for other school inputs and student characteristics. Given that salaries earned by contract teachers are one fourth or less of civil service teachers, contract teachers may be a more cost-effective resource. However, contracts 'as they are' appear weak. Not only do contract teachers have fairly low average effort in absolute terms, but those who have been on the job for at least one full tenure have lower effort than others who are in the first contract period.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Pandey, Priyanka, Goyal, Sangeeta
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2009-11
Subjects:	ATTENDANCE RATES, BASIC EDUCATION, BLACKBOARDS, CIVIL SERVICE, CIVIL SERVICE TEACHERS, CLASS SIZE, CLASSROOM, COLLEGE DEGREE, COMMUNITY TEACHERS, CURRICULUM, DISTRICT EDUCATION, EDUCATION LEVELS, EDUCATION QUALITY, EDUCATION SECTOR, EDUCATION SYSTEM, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, ELEMENTARY EDUCATION, EMPLOYMENT, ENROLLMENT, EXAM, FORMAL SCHOOLS, FORMAL TRAINING, GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLS, GRADE % TEACHERS, GRADE TEACHING, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, IN SERVICE TRAINING, INTERVENTIONS, LEARNING, LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS, LEARNING OUTCOMES, LITERACY, LITERACY RATE, LITERATURE, LOCAL TEACHERS, MALE TEACHERS, MATH SCORES, MATH TEACHER, MATH TEST, MATHEMATICS, OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN, PAPERS, PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING, PERMANENT TENURE, POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION, PRESERVICE TRAINING, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY GRADES, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, PRIVATE SCHOOLS, PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS, PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS, PROFESSIONAL TRAINING, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC SCHOOLS, PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO, QUALIFIED TEACHERS, READING, REGULAR TEACHER, REGULAR TEACHERS, RESEARCHERS, SCHOOL % CONTRACT, SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS, SCHOOL CERTIFICATE, SCHOOL CHILDREN, SCHOOL ENROLMENTS, SCHOOL FACILITIES, SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE, SCHOOL LEVEL, SCHOOL SYSTEM, SCHOOL YEAR, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SERVICE TRAINING, STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS, STUDENT LEARNING, STUDENT OUTCOMES, STUDENT PERFORMANCE, SUBJECT MATTER, SUBJECT MATTER KNOWLEDGE, SUBJECTS, TEACHER, TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS, TEACHER PERFORMANCE, TEACHER PUPIL RATIO, TEACHER QUALITY, TEACHER SALARIES, TEACHER SHORTAGES, TEACHER TRAINING, TEACHER-PUPIL RATIO, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TEACHING ACTIVITY, TEACHING EXPERIENCE, TEACHING FORCE, TEST SCORES, VILLAGE EDUCATION, VILLAGE EDUCATION COMMITTEE, WRITING SKILLS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2009/11/11630646/contract-teachers https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17961
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