Meeting the Energy Needs of the Urban Poor : Lessons from Electrification Practitioners
The present report was prepared on the basis of the findings of an international workshop held from September 12-14, 2005, in Salvador da Bahia, and was attended by delegations of three to five practitioners from 12 cities in Latin America, Africa and Asia. It had two main objectives: (a) to share experiences on innovative solutions to provide electricity services in poor peri-urban and urban areas; and (b) to develop a body of knowledge to be disseminated and used by a wide array of practitioners involved in the provision of energy services in those areas. One of the most important conclusions of the Bahia workshop was that excluding part of the population from access to energy on account of their poverty, marginalization and the informality of the settlements has enormous long-term social, economic and financial costs. The root cause of the contemporary difficulty in providing electricity and other infrastructure services through public or private utilities is decades of such social exclusion, poverty and marginalization which have led to total distrust between formal structures and consumers, and to the rise of illegal and costly electricity distribution systems, often managed by private illegal entrepreneurs. Do current regulatory systems support slum electrification? At the institutional level, it was confirmed that in the majority of the countries participating in the workshop, except for Brazil, electrification programs for poor peri-urban and urban areas are being deployed with a lack of appropriate regulatory frameworks to support these efforts. The regulatory frameworks which have been developed for the general model of public-private partnership do not meet the need of distribution companies working in predominantly poor areas. In particular, they do not reflect the need for innovative technical characteristics and the informal sector relationships which characterize poor urban and peri-urban areas, nor are there regulatory mechanisms for risk-sharing or resolving disputes, for example, when the infrastructure is damaged. It would be important, therefore, to adapt regulatory frameworks for the various business models used to extend the grids to slums. Currently, utilities are left to their own devices to find out practical solutions. This is an area which was identified as needing more analytical work.
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| topic |
ACCESS COSTS ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACCESS TO ENERGY AIR POLLUTION ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPROACH ARCHITECTURE BALANCE BARRIO BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BENEFICIARIES BEST PRACTICE BUDGETARY CONSTRAINTS CASH FLOW CASH FLOWS CITIES CITIZENS COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY HEALTH COMMUNITY LEADERS COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS COMMUNITY RELATIONS CONSUMER CONSUMER BEHAVIOR CONSUMER RIGHTS CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY CONTINGENCIES CONTRIBUTION COST OF ELECTRICITY COSTS OF ELECTRICITY CURRENCY DAY-CARE DEBT DEBT ARREARS DELIVERY MECHANISMS DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DISEASES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISSEMINATION DISTANCE LEARNING DISTANCE LEARNING COURSE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DWELLINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES EDUCATION PROGRAMS EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION ELECTRICITY SERVICES ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ELECTRICITY USAGE ELECTRICITY UTILITIES ELECTRIFICATION ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EXPENDITURE ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SUPPLY ENERGY USAGE ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ESSENTIAL NEEDS FAVELA FEMALE FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FINANCIAL ASPECTS FINANCIAL COSTS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY FUELS GENERATION GOVERNMENT AGENCIES HEALTH IMPACT HIGH POPULATION GROWTH HOME IMPROVEMENTS HOME VISITS HOMES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HOUSING IMPROVEMENTS HYGIENE ILLEGAL SETTLEMENTS ILLITERACY IMMIGRATION INCOME INCOME GROUPS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INCOMES INDOOR AIR POLLUTION INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INHABITANTS INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS INSURANCE INSURANCE POLICIES INTERVENTION INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES INVESTMENT DECISIONS KEROSENE LAND OWNERSHIP LAND TENURE LEGAL RECOURSE LEGAL STATUS LIVING CONDITIONS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES LOCALITIES LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MAYORS MIGRANTS MOBILITY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS MUNICIPALITY NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOODS OWNERSHIP OF LAND PERMANENT SETTLEMENT PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS PILOT PROJECTS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL SUPPORT POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION GROWTH RATE POVERTY LEVEL POWER POWER DISTRIBUTION POWER SECTOR POWER SYSTEMS PRACTITIONERS PROGRESS PUBLIC AWARENESS PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS QUALITY ENERGY RADIO RADIO PROGRAM RAPID GROWTH REGIONAL DISPARITIES REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS RESETTLEMENT RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS RESPECT RESPONSIBILITIES RISK PROFILE RURAL AREAS SAFE WATER SAFETY SANITATION SAVINGS SELF-ESTEEM SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SETTLEMENT SHANTY TOWN SHANTY TOWNS SHANTYTOWNS SLUM SLUM AREA SLUM AREAS SLUM DWELLERS SLUMS SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL STATUS SOCIAL WORKERS STAKEHOLDER STAKEHOLDERS STATE BUDGETS STATE GOVERNMENT STATE UNIVERSITY STREET LIGHTING STREETS SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TRADITIONAL BIOMASS TRANSACTION UNEMPLOYED URBAN AREAS URBAN GROWTH URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION USE OF ENERGY USE OF RESOURCES UTILITIES VIOLENCE ON WOMEN VOLTAGE VULNERABILITY WAR WORTH ZONING ACCESS COSTS ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACCESS TO ENERGY AIR POLLUTION ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPROACH ARCHITECTURE BALANCE BARRIO BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BENEFICIARIES BEST PRACTICE BUDGETARY CONSTRAINTS CASH FLOW CASH FLOWS CITIES CITIZENS COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY HEALTH COMMUNITY LEADERS COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS COMMUNITY RELATIONS CONSUMER CONSUMER BEHAVIOR CONSUMER RIGHTS CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY CONTINGENCIES CONTRIBUTION COST OF ELECTRICITY COSTS OF ELECTRICITY CURRENCY DAY-CARE DEBT DEBT ARREARS DELIVERY MECHANISMS DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DISEASES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISSEMINATION DISTANCE LEARNING DISTANCE LEARNING COURSE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DWELLINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES EDUCATION PROGRAMS EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION ELECTRICITY SERVICES ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ELECTRICITY USAGE ELECTRICITY UTILITIES ELECTRIFICATION ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EXPENDITURE ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SUPPLY ENERGY USAGE ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ESSENTIAL NEEDS FAVELA FEMALE FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FINANCIAL ASPECTS FINANCIAL COSTS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY FUELS GENERATION GOVERNMENT AGENCIES HEALTH IMPACT HIGH POPULATION GROWTH HOME IMPROVEMENTS HOME VISITS HOMES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HOUSING IMPROVEMENTS HYGIENE ILLEGAL SETTLEMENTS ILLITERACY IMMIGRATION INCOME INCOME GROUPS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INCOMES INDOOR AIR POLLUTION INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INHABITANTS INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS INSURANCE INSURANCE POLICIES INTERVENTION INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES INVESTMENT DECISIONS KEROSENE LAND OWNERSHIP LAND TENURE LEGAL RECOURSE LEGAL STATUS LIVING CONDITIONS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES LOCALITIES LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MAYORS MIGRANTS MOBILITY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS MUNICIPALITY NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOODS OWNERSHIP OF LAND PERMANENT SETTLEMENT PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS PILOT PROJECTS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL SUPPORT POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION GROWTH RATE POVERTY LEVEL POWER POWER DISTRIBUTION POWER SECTOR POWER SYSTEMS PRACTITIONERS PROGRESS PUBLIC AWARENESS PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS QUALITY ENERGY RADIO RADIO PROGRAM RAPID GROWTH REGIONAL DISPARITIES REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS RESETTLEMENT RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS RESPECT RESPONSIBILITIES RISK PROFILE RURAL AREAS SAFE WATER SAFETY SANITATION SAVINGS SELF-ESTEEM SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SETTLEMENT SHANTY TOWN SHANTY TOWNS SHANTYTOWNS SLUM SLUM AREA SLUM AREAS SLUM DWELLERS SLUMS SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL STATUS SOCIAL WORKERS STAKEHOLDER STAKEHOLDERS STATE BUDGETS STATE GOVERNMENT STATE UNIVERSITY STREET LIGHTING STREETS SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TRADITIONAL BIOMASS TRANSACTION UNEMPLOYED URBAN AREAS URBAN GROWTH URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION USE OF ENERGY USE OF RESOURCES UTILITIES VIOLENCE ON WOMEN VOLTAGE VULNERABILITY WAR WORTH ZONING |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS COSTS ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACCESS TO ENERGY AIR POLLUTION ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPROACH ARCHITECTURE BALANCE BARRIO BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BENEFICIARIES BEST PRACTICE BUDGETARY CONSTRAINTS CASH FLOW CASH FLOWS CITIES CITIZENS COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY HEALTH COMMUNITY LEADERS COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS COMMUNITY RELATIONS CONSUMER CONSUMER BEHAVIOR CONSUMER RIGHTS CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY CONTINGENCIES CONTRIBUTION COST OF ELECTRICITY COSTS OF ELECTRICITY CURRENCY DAY-CARE DEBT DEBT ARREARS DELIVERY MECHANISMS DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DISEASES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISSEMINATION DISTANCE LEARNING DISTANCE LEARNING COURSE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DWELLINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES EDUCATION PROGRAMS EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION ELECTRICITY SERVICES ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ELECTRICITY USAGE ELECTRICITY UTILITIES ELECTRIFICATION ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EXPENDITURE ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SUPPLY ENERGY USAGE ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ESSENTIAL NEEDS FAVELA FEMALE FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FINANCIAL ASPECTS FINANCIAL COSTS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY FUELS GENERATION GOVERNMENT AGENCIES HEALTH IMPACT HIGH POPULATION GROWTH HOME IMPROVEMENTS HOME VISITS HOMES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HOUSING IMPROVEMENTS HYGIENE ILLEGAL SETTLEMENTS ILLITERACY IMMIGRATION INCOME INCOME GROUPS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INCOMES INDOOR AIR POLLUTION INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INHABITANTS INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS INSURANCE INSURANCE POLICIES INTERVENTION INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES INVESTMENT DECISIONS KEROSENE LAND OWNERSHIP LAND TENURE LEGAL RECOURSE LEGAL STATUS LIVING CONDITIONS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES LOCALITIES LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MAYORS MIGRANTS MOBILITY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS MUNICIPALITY NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOODS OWNERSHIP OF LAND PERMANENT SETTLEMENT PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS PILOT PROJECTS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL SUPPORT POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION GROWTH RATE POVERTY LEVEL POWER POWER DISTRIBUTION POWER SECTOR POWER SYSTEMS PRACTITIONERS PROGRESS PUBLIC AWARENESS PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS QUALITY ENERGY RADIO RADIO PROGRAM RAPID GROWTH REGIONAL DISPARITIES REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS RESETTLEMENT RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS RESPECT RESPONSIBILITIES RISK PROFILE RURAL AREAS SAFE WATER SAFETY SANITATION SAVINGS SELF-ESTEEM SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SETTLEMENT SHANTY TOWN SHANTY TOWNS SHANTYTOWNS SLUM SLUM AREA SLUM AREAS SLUM DWELLERS SLUMS SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL STATUS SOCIAL WORKERS STAKEHOLDER STAKEHOLDERS STATE BUDGETS STATE GOVERNMENT STATE UNIVERSITY STREET LIGHTING STREETS SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TRADITIONAL BIOMASS TRANSACTION UNEMPLOYED URBAN AREAS URBAN GROWTH URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION USE OF ENERGY USE OF RESOURCES UTILITIES VIOLENCE ON WOMEN VOLTAGE VULNERABILITY WAR WORTH ZONING ACCESS COSTS ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACCESS TO ENERGY AIR POLLUTION ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPROACH ARCHITECTURE BALANCE BARRIO BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BENEFICIARIES BEST PRACTICE BUDGETARY CONSTRAINTS CASH FLOW CASH FLOWS CITIES CITIZENS COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY HEALTH COMMUNITY LEADERS COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS COMMUNITY RELATIONS CONSUMER CONSUMER BEHAVIOR CONSUMER RIGHTS CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY CONTINGENCIES CONTRIBUTION COST OF ELECTRICITY COSTS OF ELECTRICITY CURRENCY DAY-CARE DEBT DEBT ARREARS DELIVERY MECHANISMS DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DISEASES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISSEMINATION DISTANCE LEARNING DISTANCE LEARNING COURSE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DWELLINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES EDUCATION PROGRAMS EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION ELECTRICITY SERVICES ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ELECTRICITY USAGE ELECTRICITY UTILITIES ELECTRIFICATION ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EXPENDITURE ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SUPPLY ENERGY USAGE ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ESSENTIAL NEEDS FAVELA FEMALE FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FINANCIAL ASPECTS FINANCIAL COSTS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY FUELS GENERATION GOVERNMENT AGENCIES HEALTH IMPACT HIGH POPULATION GROWTH HOME IMPROVEMENTS HOME VISITS HOMES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HOUSING IMPROVEMENTS HYGIENE ILLEGAL SETTLEMENTS ILLITERACY IMMIGRATION INCOME INCOME GROUPS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INCOMES INDOOR AIR POLLUTION INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INHABITANTS INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS INSURANCE INSURANCE POLICIES INTERVENTION INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES INVESTMENT DECISIONS KEROSENE LAND OWNERSHIP LAND TENURE LEGAL RECOURSE LEGAL STATUS LIVING CONDITIONS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES LOCALITIES LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MAYORS MIGRANTS MOBILITY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS MUNICIPALITY NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOODS OWNERSHIP OF LAND PERMANENT SETTLEMENT PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS PILOT PROJECTS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL SUPPORT POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION GROWTH RATE POVERTY LEVEL POWER POWER DISTRIBUTION POWER SECTOR POWER SYSTEMS PRACTITIONERS PROGRESS PUBLIC AWARENESS PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS QUALITY ENERGY RADIO RADIO PROGRAM RAPID GROWTH REGIONAL DISPARITIES REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS RESETTLEMENT RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS RESPECT RESPONSIBILITIES RISK PROFILE RURAL AREAS SAFE WATER SAFETY SANITATION SAVINGS SELF-ESTEEM SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SETTLEMENT SHANTY TOWN SHANTY TOWNS SHANTYTOWNS SLUM SLUM AREA SLUM AREAS SLUM DWELLERS SLUMS SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL STATUS SOCIAL WORKERS STAKEHOLDER STAKEHOLDERS STATE BUDGETS STATE GOVERNMENT STATE UNIVERSITY STREET LIGHTING STREETS SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TRADITIONAL BIOMASS TRANSACTION UNEMPLOYED URBAN AREAS URBAN GROWTH URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION USE OF ENERGY USE OF RESOURCES UTILITIES VIOLENCE ON WOMEN VOLTAGE VULNERABILITY WAR WORTH ZONING Rojas, Juan Manuel Lallement, Dominique Meeting the Energy Needs of the Urban Poor : Lessons from Electrification Practitioners |
| description |
The present report was prepared on the
basis of the findings of an international workshop held from
September 12-14, 2005, in Salvador da Bahia, and was
attended by delegations of three to five practitioners from
12 cities in Latin America, Africa and Asia. It had two main
objectives: (a) to share experiences on innovative solutions
to provide electricity services in poor peri-urban and urban
areas; and (b) to develop a body of knowledge to be
disseminated and used by a wide array of practitioners
involved in the provision of energy services in those areas.
One of the most important conclusions of the Bahia workshop
was that excluding part of the population from access to
energy on account of their poverty, marginalization and the
informality of the settlements has enormous long-term
social, economic and financial costs. The root cause of the
contemporary difficulty in providing electricity and other
infrastructure services through public or private utilities
is decades of such social exclusion, poverty and
marginalization which have led to total distrust between
formal structures and consumers, and to the rise of illegal
and costly electricity distribution systems, often managed
by private illegal entrepreneurs. Do current regulatory
systems support slum electrification? At the institutional
level, it was confirmed that in the majority of the
countries participating in the workshop, except for Brazil,
electrification programs for poor peri-urban and urban areas
are being deployed with a lack of appropriate regulatory
frameworks to support these efforts. The regulatory
frameworks which have been developed for the general model
of public-private partnership do not meet the need of
distribution companies working in predominantly poor areas.
In particular, they do not reflect the need for innovative
technical characteristics and the informal sector
relationships which characterize poor urban and peri-urban
areas, nor are there regulatory mechanisms for risk-sharing
or resolving disputes, for example, when the infrastructure
is damaged. It would be important, therefore, to adapt
regulatory frameworks for the various business models used
to extend the grids to slums. Currently, utilities are left
to their own devices to find out practical solutions. This
is an area which was identified as needing more analytical work. |
| topic_facet |
ACCESS COSTS ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACCESS TO ENERGY AIR POLLUTION ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPROACH ARCHITECTURE BALANCE BARRIO BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BENEFICIARIES BEST PRACTICE BUDGETARY CONSTRAINTS CASH FLOW CASH FLOWS CITIES CITIZENS COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY HEALTH COMMUNITY LEADERS COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS COMMUNITY RELATIONS CONSUMER CONSUMER BEHAVIOR CONSUMER RIGHTS CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY CONTINGENCIES CONTRIBUTION COST OF ELECTRICITY COSTS OF ELECTRICITY CURRENCY DAY-CARE DEBT DEBT ARREARS DELIVERY MECHANISMS DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DISEASES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISSEMINATION DISTANCE LEARNING DISTANCE LEARNING COURSE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DWELLINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES EDUCATION PROGRAMS EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION ELECTRICITY SERVICES ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ELECTRICITY USAGE ELECTRICITY UTILITIES ELECTRIFICATION ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EXPENDITURE ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SUPPLY ENERGY USAGE ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ESSENTIAL NEEDS FAVELA FEMALE FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FINANCIAL ASPECTS FINANCIAL COSTS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY FUELS GENERATION GOVERNMENT AGENCIES HEALTH IMPACT HIGH POPULATION GROWTH HOME IMPROVEMENTS HOME VISITS HOMES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HOUSING IMPROVEMENTS HYGIENE ILLEGAL SETTLEMENTS ILLITERACY IMMIGRATION INCOME INCOME GROUPS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INCOMES INDOOR AIR POLLUTION INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INHABITANTS INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS INSURANCE INSURANCE POLICIES INTERVENTION INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES INVESTMENT DECISIONS KEROSENE LAND OWNERSHIP LAND TENURE LEGAL RECOURSE LEGAL STATUS LIVING CONDITIONS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES LOCALITIES LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MAYORS MIGRANTS MOBILITY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS MUNICIPALITY NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOODS OWNERSHIP OF LAND PERMANENT SETTLEMENT PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS PILOT PROJECTS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL SUPPORT POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION GROWTH RATE POVERTY LEVEL POWER POWER DISTRIBUTION POWER SECTOR POWER SYSTEMS PRACTITIONERS PROGRESS PUBLIC AWARENESS PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS QUALITY ENERGY RADIO RADIO PROGRAM RAPID GROWTH REGIONAL DISPARITIES REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS RESETTLEMENT RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS RESPECT RESPONSIBILITIES RISK PROFILE RURAL AREAS SAFE WATER SAFETY SANITATION SAVINGS SELF-ESTEEM SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SETTLEMENT SHANTY TOWN SHANTY TOWNS SHANTYTOWNS SLUM SLUM AREA SLUM AREAS SLUM DWELLERS SLUMS SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL STATUS SOCIAL WORKERS STAKEHOLDER STAKEHOLDERS STATE BUDGETS STATE GOVERNMENT STATE UNIVERSITY STREET LIGHTING STREETS SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TRADITIONAL BIOMASS TRANSACTION UNEMPLOYED URBAN AREAS URBAN GROWTH URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION USE OF ENERGY USE OF RESOURCES UTILITIES VIOLENCE ON WOMEN VOLTAGE VULNERABILITY WAR WORTH ZONING |
| author |
Rojas, Juan Manuel Lallement, Dominique |
| author_facet |
Rojas, Juan Manuel Lallement, Dominique |
| author_sort |
Rojas, Juan Manuel |
| title |
Meeting the Energy Needs of the Urban Poor : Lessons from Electrification Practitioners |
| title_short |
Meeting the Energy Needs of the Urban Poor : Lessons from Electrification Practitioners |
| title_full |
Meeting the Energy Needs of the Urban Poor : Lessons from Electrification Practitioners |
| title_fullStr |
Meeting the Energy Needs of the Urban Poor : Lessons from Electrification Practitioners |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Meeting the Energy Needs of the Urban Poor : Lessons from Electrification Practitioners |
| title_sort |
meeting the energy needs of the urban poor : lessons from electrification practitioners |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2007-06 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/06/9419908/meeting-energy-needs-urban-poor-lessons-electrification-practitioners https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17915 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT rojasjuanmanuel meetingtheenergyneedsoftheurbanpoorlessonsfromelectrificationpractitioners AT lallementdominique meetingtheenergyneedsoftheurbanpoorlessonsfromelectrificationpractitioners |
| _version_ |
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dig-okr-10986179152024-08-08T16:42:57Z Meeting the Energy Needs of the Urban Poor : Lessons from Electrification Practitioners Rojas, Juan Manuel Lallement, Dominique ACCESS COSTS ACCESS ROADS ACCESS TO CREDIT ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ACCESS TO ENERGY AIR POLLUTION ALTERNATIVE ENERGY APPROACH ARCHITECTURE BALANCE BARRIO BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BENEFICIARIES BEST PRACTICE BUDGETARY CONSTRAINTS CASH FLOW CASH FLOWS CITIES CITIZENS COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY HEALTH COMMUNITY LEADERS COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIPS COMMUNITY RELATIONS CONSUMER CONSUMER BEHAVIOR CONSUMER RIGHTS CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY CONTINGENCIES CONTRIBUTION COST OF ELECTRICITY COSTS OF ELECTRICITY CURRENCY DAY-CARE DEBT DEBT ARREARS DELIVERY MECHANISMS DEMOGRAPHERS DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DISEASES DISPOSABLE INCOME DISSEMINATION DISTANCE LEARNING DISTANCE LEARNING COURSE DISTRIBUTION NETWORK DWELLINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES EDUCATION PROGRAMS EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS ELECTRICITY ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION ELECTRICITY SERVICES ELECTRICITY SUPPLY ELECTRICITY USAGE ELECTRICITY UTILITIES ELECTRIFICATION ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY EXPENDITURE ENERGY NEEDS ENERGY SOURCES ENERGY SUPPLY ENERGY USAGE ENERGY USE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION ESSENTIAL NEEDS FAVELA FEMALE FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FINANCIAL ASPECTS FINANCIAL COSTS FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY FUELS GENERATION GOVERNMENT AGENCIES HEALTH IMPACT HIGH POPULATION GROWTH HOME IMPROVEMENTS HOME VISITS HOMES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD SIZE HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HOUSING IMPROVEMENTS HYGIENE ILLEGAL SETTLEMENTS ILLITERACY IMMIGRATION INCOME INCOME GROUPS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INCOMES INDOOR AIR POLLUTION INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INHABITANTS INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS INSURANCE INSURANCE POLICIES INTERVENTION INVESTMENT ACTIVITIES INVESTMENT DECISIONS KEROSENE LAND OWNERSHIP LAND TENURE LEGAL RECOURSE LEGAL STATUS LIVING CONDITIONS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES LOCALITIES LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME LOW-INCOME CONSUMERS MACROECONOMIC STABILITY MAYORS MIGRANTS MOBILITY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS MUNICIPALITY NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOODS OWNERSHIP OF LAND PERMANENT SETTLEMENT PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS PILOT PROJECTS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL SUPPORT POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION GROWTH RATE POVERTY LEVEL POWER POWER DISTRIBUTION POWER SECTOR POWER SYSTEMS PRACTITIONERS PROGRESS PUBLIC AWARENESS PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS QUALITY ENERGY RADIO RADIO PROGRAM RAPID GROWTH REGIONAL DISPARITIES REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS RESETTLEMENT RESIDENTIAL CONSUMERS RESPECT RESPONSIBILITIES RISK PROFILE RURAL AREAS SAFE WATER SAFETY SANITATION SAVINGS SELF-ESTEEM SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SETTLEMENT SHANTY TOWN SHANTY TOWNS SHANTYTOWNS SLUM SLUM AREA SLUM AREAS SLUM DWELLERS SLUMS SOCIAL CONDITIONS SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL STATUS SOCIAL WORKERS STAKEHOLDER STAKEHOLDERS STATE BUDGETS STATE GOVERNMENT STATE UNIVERSITY STREET LIGHTING STREETS SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TRADITIONAL BIOMASS TRANSACTION UNEMPLOYED URBAN AREAS URBAN GROWTH URBAN POOR URBAN POPULATION USE OF ENERGY USE OF RESOURCES UTILITIES VIOLENCE ON WOMEN VOLTAGE VULNERABILITY WAR WORTH ZONING The present report was prepared on the basis of the findings of an international workshop held from September 12-14, 2005, in Salvador da Bahia, and was attended by delegations of three to five practitioners from 12 cities in Latin America, Africa and Asia. It had two main objectives: (a) to share experiences on innovative solutions to provide electricity services in poor peri-urban and urban areas; and (b) to develop a body of knowledge to be disseminated and used by a wide array of practitioners involved in the provision of energy services in those areas. One of the most important conclusions of the Bahia workshop was that excluding part of the population from access to energy on account of their poverty, marginalization and the informality of the settlements has enormous long-term social, economic and financial costs. The root cause of the contemporary difficulty in providing electricity and other infrastructure services through public or private utilities is decades of such social exclusion, poverty and marginalization which have led to total distrust between formal structures and consumers, and to the rise of illegal and costly electricity distribution systems, often managed by private illegal entrepreneurs. Do current regulatory systems support slum electrification? At the institutional level, it was confirmed that in the majority of the countries participating in the workshop, except for Brazil, electrification programs for poor peri-urban and urban areas are being deployed with a lack of appropriate regulatory frameworks to support these efforts. The regulatory frameworks which have been developed for the general model of public-private partnership do not meet the need of distribution companies working in predominantly poor areas. In particular, they do not reflect the need for innovative technical characteristics and the informal sector relationships which characterize poor urban and peri-urban areas, nor are there regulatory mechanisms for risk-sharing or resolving disputes, for example, when the infrastructure is damaged. It would be important, therefore, to adapt regulatory frameworks for the various business models used to extend the grids to slums. Currently, utilities are left to their own devices to find out practical solutions. This is an area which was identified as needing more analytical work. 2014-04-17T21:25:11Z 2014-04-17T21:25:11Z 2007-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2007/06/9419908/meeting-energy-needs-urban-poor-lessons-electrification-practitioners https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17915 English en_US ESMAP technical paper;no. 118/07 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC |