Good Practices in City Energy Efficiency : Bogota, Colombia - Bus Rapid Transit for Urban Transport

Bogota, the capital city of Colombia, is located near the geographic center of Colombia, 2,640 meters (8,661 ft) sea level. It is the largest and most populous city in the nation, with an estimated 8.2 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area in 2007 and a population density of 3,912 inhabitants per square kilometer. Its economy generates 25 percent of Colombia's total gross domestic product (GDP). The city's roads were highly congested with the significant growth in private car ownership and use. While private cars occupied 64 percent of the road space, they only represented 19 percent of the population, and the daily average commute time was 1 hour and 10 minutes each way. Other issues included high incidences of accidents and extremely high air pollution rates during peak travel hours. In 1999, after the new National Government rejected potential plans for a subway system, the Mayor of Bogota presented his plan for a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system, built upon the successful experience of Curitiba in Brazil. The transition to an effective BRT system would help realize the Mayor's four main goals by: (i) improving public transport system with respect to efficiency, safety, speed, convenience and comfort ensuring high rider-ship; (ii) restricting private automobile use; (iii) expanding and improving bicycle paths; and (iv) enhancing public space. The system improves upon Brazil's Curitiba system by operating without subsidies from public authorities. Fares were established at US$0.40 in 2000 and have been raised to US$0.61 in order to ensure that all costs of operations provided by private operators are covered. This was achieved through the successful implementation of a concession-based contract that aimed at regulating service operations and eliminating rents to avoid fare-hikes. The private operator can earn profits when demand for rider-ship increases and incurs cost in the case that the demand for rider-ship declines. The BRT provided the incentives for private operators to compete for specific route in terms of per-kilometer basis as opposed to a per-passenger basis.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	World Bank
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2009-11
Subjects:	ACCIDENTS, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, AIR QUALITY, AUTOMOBILE, AUTOMOBILE USE, AVERAGE COMMUTE TIME, AVERAGE SPEED, BICYCLE PATHS, BIKES, BRIDGES, BUS, BUS DRIVERS, BUS FARE, BUS LANES, BUS OPERATIONS, BUS OPERATORS, BUS OWNERS, BUS QUALITY, BUS SERVICE, BUS SERVICE OPERATORS, BUS STATIONS, BUS TRANSPORTATION, BUSES, CALIBRATION, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, CAR, CARBON CREDITS, CARS, CLIMATE CHANGE, COLLISIONS, CONGESTION, DRIVERS, EFFICIENT VEHICLES, EMISSION, EXPRESS BUS, FARE COLLECTION, FARE COLLECTORS, FARE INCREASE, FARE PRICE, FARE SYSTEM, FARES, FATALITIES, FEEDER LINES, FLEET SIZE, FRAMEWORK, FUEL, FUEL EFFICIENCY, FUEL SAVINGS, FUEL TAXES, GASOLINE, GASOLINE TAXES, GPS, HEAVY RAIL, HIGH RIDERSHIP, INJURIES, INTERCHANGES, INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN, INTERSECTIONS, LAND ACQUISITION, LOCAL STREETS, MASS TRANSIT, MASS TRANSIT SYSTEM, MASS TRANSPORT, METRO LINE, MOBILITY STRATEGY, MODAL SHIFT, MUNICIPAL FINANCE, MUNICIPAL TRANSPORTATION, PARTICULATE MATTER, PASSENGER, PASSENGER FARES, PASSENGERS, PASSENGERS PER HOUR, PEAK HOURS, PEAK TRAVEL, PEDESTRIAN, PEDESTRIAN ACCESS, PEDESTRIAN OVERPASSES, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION GROWTH, PRIVATE AUTOMOBILE, PRIVATE AUTOMOBILES, PRIVATE CAR OWNERSHIP, PRIVATE OPERATORS, PRIVATE PARTICIPATION, PRIVATE VEHICLE, PRIVATE VEHICLES, PUBLIC BUS, PUBLIC TRANSIT, PUBLIC TRANSIT SYSTEM, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, RAIL SYSTEM, RAPID TRANSIT, RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM, RAPID TRANSPORT, REDUCTION IN ACCIDENT RATES, REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS, REDUCTIONS IN TRAFFIC, REDUCTIONS IN TRAFFIC CONGESTION, RIDERS, ROAD, ROAD SPACE, ROADS, ROLLING STOCK, ROUTE, SAFETY, SIDEWALKS, SMART CARDS, STREETS, SUBWAY, SUBWAY SYSTEM, SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY, TAX, TRAFFIC, TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION, TRANSPORT RESEARCH, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS, TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM, TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, TRANSPORTATION USERS, TRAVEL BEHAVIOR, TRAVEL TIME, TRAVEL TIMES, TRIP, TRIPS, TRUNK CORRIDORS, TRUST FUND, TUNNELS, URBAN MOBILITY, URBAN TRANSPORT, VEHICLE, VEHICLE COSTS, VEHICLE MAINTENANCE, VEHICLE OWNERS, WAITING TIME,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2009/11/11495704/good-practices-city-energy-efficiency-bogota-colombia-bus-rapid-transit-urban-transport https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17533
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!