Review of Cost of Compliance with the New International Freight Transport Security Requirements : Consolidated Report of the Investigations Carried Out in Ports in the Africa, Europe and Central Asia, and Latin America and Caribbean Regions

Without transport there is no economic development and, in a reciprocal conclusion, the more efficient transport is, the better is the development. Bearing in mind that more than 90 percent of the world trade in tons per year is transported by sea and against the background of increasing ship sizes (especially in the container trade) and continuously growing globalization, the requirements for adequate and secure port facilities and the resulting logistics challenges are accelerating worldwide. The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS code) is a comprehensive set of measures to enhance the security of ships and port facilities and came into force on the July 1, 2004. The ISPS code is implemented through chapter XI-2 special measures to enhance maritime security in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS). The code has two parts, one mandatory (part A) and one recommendatory (part B). Compliance is mandatory for the 148 contracting parties to SOLAS; detailed implementation of the code is a matter for the individual national governments. The introduction of the ISPS Code has led to many questions and misunderstandings. The code does not, as will have been useful, prescribe in exact terms and data what port facility and port managers have to do or provide to ensure that they are compliant. Part A of the ISPS code actually is a type of questionnaire that asks questions about security items, but then stops short of giving exact and uniform instructions as to how the specific measures can be established. A simple example is the fencing of the port facility. The ISPS code describes that the port facility has to be fenced adequately so as to prevent illegal intruders from entering the facility. But the code does not describe the type of fence, its height and so on. This has led to situations in which a port authority considered its fence adequate, but found out later that other entities, such as security consultants or the United States (US) Coast Guard, did not fully agree with this, and sometimes even not at all. The ISO (International Organization for Standardization) has made an attempt to translate the ISPS Code in a type of handbook, but the result in fact was another questionnaire.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Kruk, C. Bert, Donner, Michel Luc
Format:	Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2008-02
Subjects:	ACCESS CONTROL, ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM, BASIC, BERTH, BERTHS, BOATS, BOTTLENECKS, BULK CARGO, BULK CONTAINER, BULK HANDLING, CAR, CARGO CONTROL, CARGO HANDLING, CARGO HANDLING OPERATIONS, CARGO SHIPS, CARGOES, CARS, CERTIFICATE, CERTIFICATES, CHANNELS, CODES, COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT, COMMUNICATION FACILITIES, COMPANY SECURITY OFFICERS, COMPETITIVENESS, COMPLIANT PORTS, COMPONENTS, COMPUTERS, CONFIDENTIALITY, CONTACT POINTS, CONTAINER SECURITY, CONTAINER SHIPPING, CONTAINER TERMINAL, CONTAINER THROUGHPUT, CONTROL SYSTEM, CONTROL SYSTEMS, CRIME, CUSTOMS, DIESEL, DRY BULK, E-MAIL, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, EFFICIENT TRANSPORT, EMPTY CONTAINERS, ENGINEERING, FACILITY SECURITY PLANS, FERRY, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FIXED COSTS, FOREIGN TRADE, FREE ZONES, FREIGHT, FREIGHT FORWARDERS, FREIGHT TRANSPORT, FUEL, GLOBALIZATION, GOVERNMENT ENTITY, GOVERNMENT POLICY, HARDWARE, HELP DESK, ID, IMO, IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS, INCOME TAX, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, INSTALLATION, INSTALLATIONS, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, INTERNATIONAL FREIGHT TRANSPORT, INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION, INTERNATIONAL SHIP, INTERNATIONAL STANDARD, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVENTORY, ISPS, LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES, LEVEL OF SAFETY, LEVEL OF SECURITY, LIGHTING, LIQUID BULK CARGOES, MAINTENANCE COSTS, MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, MANUFACTURING, MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, MARITIME AFFAIRS, MARITIME AUTHORITIES, MARITIME AUTHORITY, MARITIME SAFETY, MARITIME SECURITY, MARITIME TRADE, MARITIME TRANSPORT, MARITIME TRANSPORT SECURITY, MARKET SHARES, MARKETING, MARKETING STRATEGIES, MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, NATIONAL PORT AUTHORITY, NATIONAL PORT SECURITY, NATIONAL SECURITY, NETWORKS, PASSENGER, PASSENGER SERVICES, PASSENGER TRAFFIC, PASSENGERS, PHYSICAL SECURITY, POLICE, PORT ADMINISTRATION, PORT AREA, PORT AREAS, PORT AUTHORITIES, PORT AUTHORITY, PORT AUTHORITY STAFF, PORT COMMUNITY, PORT FACILITIES, PORT FACILITY, PORT FACILITY SECURITY, PORT FACILITY SECURITY ASSESSMENT, PORT FACILITY SECURITY OFFICER, PORT FACILITY SECURITY OFFICERS, PORT FACILITY SECURITY PLAN, PORT FACILITY SECURITY PLANS, PORT MANAGEMENT, PORT MANAGERS, PORT OPERATIONS, PORT OPERATOR, PORT SECURITY COMMITTEE, PORT SECURITY OFFICER, PORT SECURITY PLAN, PORT SECURITY PLANS, PORT SERVICES, PORT STATE, PORT STATE CONTROL, PORT USERS, PORTS, PRIVATE SECTOR, PRIVATE SECURITY COMPANIES, PRIVATE TRANSPORT, PROFIT MARGINS, PUBLIC WORKS, RADIO, RAIL, RESTRICTED AREAS, RESTRICTIONS, RESULT, RESULTS, RISK ASSESSMENT, RISK MANAGEMENT, ROAD, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SAFETY OF LIFE, SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA, SATELLITE, SCANNERS, SCANNING, SEA AREA, SEAFARERS, SEARCH, SECURITY ASSESSMENTS, SECURITY AWARENESS, SECURITY BREACH, SECURITY CHARGE, SECURITY CHECKS, SECURITY CODE, SECURITY COMMITTEE, SECURITY CONSULTANTS, SECURITY COSTS, SECURITY DUTIES, SECURITY EQUIPMENT, SECURITY GUARDS, SECURITY INSPECTIONS, SECURITY LEVEL, SECURITY LEVELS, SECURITY MANAGER, SECURITY MEASURES, SECURITY OF SHIPS, SECURITY PERSONNEL, SECURITY PLAN, SECURITY PLANS, SECURITY PROCEDURES, SECURITY REGULATIONS, SECURITY REQUIREMENTS, SECURITY SERVICES, SECURITY STAFF, SECURITY STANDARD, SECURITY SYSTEM, SECURITY TRAINING, SHIP, SHIP SECURITY, SHIP SECURITY OFFICERS, SHIPPING, SHIPPING COMPANIES, SHIPPING LINES, SHIPS IN PORT, SMALLER PORTS, STANDARDIZATION, STEVEDORES, STEVEDORING, STORAGE FACILITIES, SUPPLY CHAIN, SUPPLY CHAINS, TAX, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TELEPHONE, TERMINAL OPERATORS, TERMINALS, TERRORISM, TERRORIST, TERRORIST THREATS, TEU, THEFT, THREAT, TIMBER, TOTAL TONNAGE, TOTAL TONNAGE OF CARGO, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC VOLUMES, TRAINING COURSES, TRANSIT, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT OPERATORS, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORT SECURITY, UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USER, USERS, VIDEO, WORLD TRADE,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2008/02/9693557/review-cost-compliance-new-international-freight-transport-security-requirements-consolidated-report-investigations-carried-out-ports-africa-europe-central-asia-latin-america-caribbean-regions http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17450
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