Poor-Inclusive Urban Sanitation : An Overview
Most of the world's population now lives in urban areas, and in developing regions the proportion living in cities and towns has risen from 35 percent in 1990 to 45 percent in 2010, from 1.4 billion to 2.5 billion people (Jacobsen et al. 2012). A 2008 World Bank analysis estimated that a third of people living on less than US$2 per day reside in urban areas, and United Nation or UN-habitat estimates that just under 40 percent of urban dwellers live in slums, a number that is growing by more than 20 million per year (Baker 2008). These disparities highlight a pressing need to address the urban sanitation challenge comprehensively, with emphasis on including slum dwellers and poor communities that have typically been neglected. Without concerted intervention, the prospects of cholera, diarrhea, and worm infections will increase, jeopardizing education, productivity, and the quality of life for all urban dwellers. Although this overview of urban sanitation has shown that the current situation is far from ideal, and that widespread improvements will not occur at the present rate of progress, it also identifies initiatives that have potential for wider replication. There is no 'silver bullet' that will deliver improved sanitation to the developing world's burgeoning cities, and some key technical issues remain to be resolved, but much can be achieved by applying what is already known and proven in practice.
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dig-okr-1098617385 |
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koha |
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Banco Mundial |
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| country |
Estados Unidos |
| countrycode |
US |
| component |
Bibliográfico |
| access |
En linea |
| databasecode |
dig-okr |
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biblioteca |
| region |
America del Norte |
| libraryname |
Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCESS TO SANITATION ACCESS TO WATER BASIC SANITATION CITY WATER COMMERCIALIZATION COMMUNAL TOILETS COMMUNITY TOILET COMMUNITY TOILETS CONNECTION CONNECTIONS CONVENTIONAL SEWERAGE DESLUDGING DOMESTIC WATER DRAINAGE CHANNELS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS DRAINS DRINKING WATER EFFECTIVE SANITATION EFFLUENTS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS EXCRETA DISPOSAL FAECAL SLUDGE FINANCIAL VIABILITY FLUSH LATRINES GROUNDWATER HOUSEHOLDS HYGIENE IMPROVING SERVICE DELIVERY IMPROVING WATER SUPPLY INADEQUATE SANITATION INADEQUATE WATER INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS LAKES LAND TENURE LATRINE LATRINE CONSTRUCTION LATRINE PIT LATRINE PITS LATRINES LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL SERVICES LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS LOW-INCOME POPULATION MAINTENANCE STANDARDS MANAGEMENT OF EXCRETA MUNICIPALITIES NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITHOUT ACCESS OPERATIONAL COSTS PIPE SYSTEM PIT LATRINES POLLUTION POOR DRAINAGE POPULATION DENSITIES POPULATION DENSITY PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDERS PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION PUBLIC TOILETS PUMPING STATIONS PUMPS REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS RIVERS SAFETY SANITARY CONDITIONS SANITATION SANITATION ACCESS SANITATION ACTIVITIES SANITATION COVERAGE SANITATION DATA SANITATION DEVELOPMENT SANITATION FACILITIES SANITATION IMPROVEMENTS SANITATION IN SLUMS SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE SANITATION INVESTMENTS SANITATION OPTIONS SANITATION POLICY SANITATION PROBLEMS SANITATION PROGRAM SANITATION PROGRAMS SANITATION PROJECTS SANITATION PROMOTION SANITATION SECTOR SANITATION SERVICE SANITATION SERVICES SANITATION SYSTEMS SANITATION TECHNOLOGY SEPTIC TANK SEPTIC TANKS SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS SEWAGE SEWAGE TREATMENT SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS SEWER PIPES SEWERAGE SEWERAGE NETWORKS SEWERAGE SERVICES SEWERAGE SYSTEM SEWERAGE SYSTEMS SEWERS SITE SANITATION SLUDGE TREATMENT SLUM DWELLERS SLUM UPGRADING SMALL CITIES SMALL TOWNS SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT TOILET TOILET BLOCKS TOILET FACILITIES TREATMENT PLANT URBAN AREAS URBAN COMMUNITIES URBAN COMMUNITY URBAN DWELLERS URBAN ENVIRONMENT URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION URBAN POPULATIONS URBAN RESIDENTS URBAN SANITATION URBAN SANITATION IMPROVEMENTS URBAN WATER URBAN WATER SUPPLY USERS UTILITIES VOLUMES OF WASTEWATER WASTE WATER WASTES WASTEWATER COLLECTION WASTEWATER TREATMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS WATER ASSOCIATION WATER CONSUMPTION WATER RESOURCES WATER SOURCES ACCESS TO SANITATION ACCESS TO WATER BASIC SANITATION CITY WATER COMMERCIALIZATION COMMUNAL TOILETS COMMUNITY TOILET COMMUNITY TOILETS CONNECTION CONNECTIONS CONVENTIONAL SEWERAGE DESLUDGING DOMESTIC WATER DRAINAGE CHANNELS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS DRAINS DRINKING WATER EFFECTIVE SANITATION EFFLUENTS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS EXCRETA DISPOSAL FAECAL SLUDGE FINANCIAL VIABILITY FLUSH LATRINES GROUNDWATER HOUSEHOLDS HYGIENE IMPROVING SERVICE DELIVERY IMPROVING WATER SUPPLY INADEQUATE SANITATION INADEQUATE WATER INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS LAKES LAND TENURE LATRINE LATRINE CONSTRUCTION LATRINE PIT LATRINE PITS LATRINES LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL SERVICES LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS LOW-INCOME POPULATION MAINTENANCE STANDARDS MANAGEMENT OF EXCRETA MUNICIPALITIES NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITHOUT ACCESS OPERATIONAL COSTS PIPE SYSTEM PIT LATRINES POLLUTION POOR DRAINAGE POPULATION DENSITIES POPULATION DENSITY PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDERS PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION PUBLIC TOILETS PUMPING STATIONS PUMPS REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS RIVERS SAFETY SANITARY CONDITIONS SANITATION SANITATION ACCESS SANITATION ACTIVITIES SANITATION COVERAGE SANITATION DATA SANITATION DEVELOPMENT SANITATION FACILITIES SANITATION IMPROVEMENTS SANITATION IN SLUMS SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE SANITATION INVESTMENTS SANITATION OPTIONS SANITATION POLICY SANITATION PROBLEMS SANITATION PROGRAM SANITATION PROGRAMS SANITATION PROJECTS SANITATION PROMOTION SANITATION SECTOR SANITATION SERVICE SANITATION SERVICES SANITATION SYSTEMS SANITATION TECHNOLOGY SEPTIC TANK SEPTIC TANKS SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS SEWAGE SEWAGE TREATMENT SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS SEWER PIPES SEWERAGE SEWERAGE NETWORKS SEWERAGE SERVICES SEWERAGE SYSTEM SEWERAGE SYSTEMS SEWERS SITE SANITATION SLUDGE TREATMENT SLUM DWELLERS SLUM UPGRADING SMALL CITIES SMALL TOWNS SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT TOILET TOILET BLOCKS TOILET FACILITIES TREATMENT PLANT URBAN AREAS URBAN COMMUNITIES URBAN COMMUNITY URBAN DWELLERS URBAN ENVIRONMENT URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION URBAN POPULATIONS URBAN RESIDENTS URBAN SANITATION URBAN SANITATION IMPROVEMENTS URBAN WATER URBAN WATER SUPPLY USERS UTILITIES VOLUMES OF WASTEWATER WASTE WATER WASTES WASTEWATER COLLECTION WASTEWATER TREATMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS WATER ASSOCIATION WATER CONSUMPTION WATER RESOURCES WATER SOURCES |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO SANITATION ACCESS TO WATER BASIC SANITATION CITY WATER COMMERCIALIZATION COMMUNAL TOILETS COMMUNITY TOILET COMMUNITY TOILETS CONNECTION CONNECTIONS CONVENTIONAL SEWERAGE DESLUDGING DOMESTIC WATER DRAINAGE CHANNELS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS DRAINS DRINKING WATER EFFECTIVE SANITATION EFFLUENTS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS EXCRETA DISPOSAL FAECAL SLUDGE FINANCIAL VIABILITY FLUSH LATRINES GROUNDWATER HOUSEHOLDS HYGIENE IMPROVING SERVICE DELIVERY IMPROVING WATER SUPPLY INADEQUATE SANITATION INADEQUATE WATER INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS LAKES LAND TENURE LATRINE LATRINE CONSTRUCTION LATRINE PIT LATRINE PITS LATRINES LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL SERVICES LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS LOW-INCOME POPULATION MAINTENANCE STANDARDS MANAGEMENT OF EXCRETA MUNICIPALITIES NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITHOUT ACCESS OPERATIONAL COSTS PIPE SYSTEM PIT LATRINES POLLUTION POOR DRAINAGE POPULATION DENSITIES POPULATION DENSITY PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDERS PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION PUBLIC TOILETS PUMPING STATIONS PUMPS REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS RIVERS SAFETY SANITARY CONDITIONS SANITATION SANITATION ACCESS SANITATION ACTIVITIES SANITATION COVERAGE SANITATION DATA SANITATION DEVELOPMENT SANITATION FACILITIES SANITATION IMPROVEMENTS SANITATION IN SLUMS SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE SANITATION INVESTMENTS SANITATION OPTIONS SANITATION POLICY SANITATION PROBLEMS SANITATION PROGRAM SANITATION PROGRAMS SANITATION PROJECTS SANITATION PROMOTION SANITATION SECTOR SANITATION SERVICE SANITATION SERVICES SANITATION SYSTEMS SANITATION TECHNOLOGY SEPTIC TANK SEPTIC TANKS SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS SEWAGE SEWAGE TREATMENT SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS SEWER PIPES SEWERAGE SEWERAGE NETWORKS SEWERAGE SERVICES SEWERAGE SYSTEM SEWERAGE SYSTEMS SEWERS SITE SANITATION SLUDGE TREATMENT SLUM DWELLERS SLUM UPGRADING SMALL CITIES SMALL TOWNS SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT TOILET TOILET BLOCKS TOILET FACILITIES TREATMENT PLANT URBAN AREAS URBAN COMMUNITIES URBAN COMMUNITY URBAN DWELLERS URBAN ENVIRONMENT URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION URBAN POPULATIONS URBAN RESIDENTS URBAN SANITATION URBAN SANITATION IMPROVEMENTS URBAN WATER URBAN WATER SUPPLY USERS UTILITIES VOLUMES OF WASTEWATER WASTE WATER WASTES WASTEWATER COLLECTION WASTEWATER TREATMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS WATER ASSOCIATION WATER CONSUMPTION WATER RESOURCES WATER SOURCES ACCESS TO SANITATION ACCESS TO WATER BASIC SANITATION CITY WATER COMMERCIALIZATION COMMUNAL TOILETS COMMUNITY TOILET COMMUNITY TOILETS CONNECTION CONNECTIONS CONVENTIONAL SEWERAGE DESLUDGING DOMESTIC WATER DRAINAGE CHANNELS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS DRAINS DRINKING WATER EFFECTIVE SANITATION EFFLUENTS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS EXCRETA DISPOSAL FAECAL SLUDGE FINANCIAL VIABILITY FLUSH LATRINES GROUNDWATER HOUSEHOLDS HYGIENE IMPROVING SERVICE DELIVERY IMPROVING WATER SUPPLY INADEQUATE SANITATION INADEQUATE WATER INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS LAKES LAND TENURE LATRINE LATRINE CONSTRUCTION LATRINE PIT LATRINE PITS LATRINES LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL SERVICES LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS LOW-INCOME POPULATION MAINTENANCE STANDARDS MANAGEMENT OF EXCRETA MUNICIPALITIES NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITHOUT ACCESS OPERATIONAL COSTS PIPE SYSTEM PIT LATRINES POLLUTION POOR DRAINAGE POPULATION DENSITIES POPULATION DENSITY PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDERS PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION PUBLIC TOILETS PUMPING STATIONS PUMPS REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS RIVERS SAFETY SANITARY CONDITIONS SANITATION SANITATION ACCESS SANITATION ACTIVITIES SANITATION COVERAGE SANITATION DATA SANITATION DEVELOPMENT SANITATION FACILITIES SANITATION IMPROVEMENTS SANITATION IN SLUMS SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE SANITATION INVESTMENTS SANITATION OPTIONS SANITATION POLICY SANITATION PROBLEMS SANITATION PROGRAM SANITATION PROGRAMS SANITATION PROJECTS SANITATION PROMOTION SANITATION SECTOR SANITATION SERVICE SANITATION SERVICES SANITATION SYSTEMS SANITATION TECHNOLOGY SEPTIC TANK SEPTIC TANKS SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS SEWAGE SEWAGE TREATMENT SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS SEWER PIPES SEWERAGE SEWERAGE NETWORKS SEWERAGE SERVICES SEWERAGE SYSTEM SEWERAGE SYSTEMS SEWERS SITE SANITATION SLUDGE TREATMENT SLUM DWELLERS SLUM UPGRADING SMALL CITIES SMALL TOWNS SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT TOILET TOILET BLOCKS TOILET FACILITIES TREATMENT PLANT URBAN AREAS URBAN COMMUNITIES URBAN COMMUNITY URBAN DWELLERS URBAN ENVIRONMENT URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION URBAN POPULATIONS URBAN RESIDENTS URBAN SANITATION URBAN SANITATION IMPROVEMENTS URBAN WATER URBAN WATER SUPPLY USERS UTILITIES VOLUMES OF WASTEWATER WASTE WATER WASTES WASTEWATER COLLECTION WASTEWATER TREATMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS WATER ASSOCIATION WATER CONSUMPTION WATER RESOURCES WATER SOURCES Hawkins, Peter Blackett, Isabel Heymans, Chris Poor-Inclusive Urban Sanitation : An Overview |
| description |
Most of the world's population now
lives in urban areas, and in developing regions the
proportion living in cities and towns has risen from 35
percent in 1990 to 45 percent in 2010, from 1.4 billion to
2.5 billion people (Jacobsen et al. 2012). A 2008 World Bank
analysis estimated that a third of people living on less
than US$2 per day reside in urban areas, and United Nation
or UN-habitat estimates that just under 40 percent of urban
dwellers live in slums, a number that is growing by more
than 20 million per year (Baker 2008). These disparities
highlight a pressing need to address the urban sanitation
challenge comprehensively, with emphasis on including slum
dwellers and poor communities that have typically been
neglected. Without concerted intervention, the prospects of
cholera, diarrhea, and worm infections will increase,
jeopardizing education, productivity, and the quality of
life for all urban dwellers. Although this overview of urban
sanitation has shown that the current situation is far from
ideal, and that widespread improvements will not occur at
the present rate of progress, it also identifies initiatives
that have potential for wider replication. There is no
'silver bullet' that will deliver improved
sanitation to the developing world's burgeoning cities,
and some key technical issues remain to be resolved, but
much can be achieved by applying what is already known and
proven in practice. |
| topic_facet |
ACCESS TO SANITATION ACCESS TO WATER BASIC SANITATION CITY WATER COMMERCIALIZATION COMMUNAL TOILETS COMMUNITY TOILET COMMUNITY TOILETS CONNECTION CONNECTIONS CONVENTIONAL SEWERAGE DESLUDGING DOMESTIC WATER DRAINAGE CHANNELS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS DRAINS DRINKING WATER EFFECTIVE SANITATION EFFLUENTS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS EXCRETA DISPOSAL FAECAL SLUDGE FINANCIAL VIABILITY FLUSH LATRINES GROUNDWATER HOUSEHOLDS HYGIENE IMPROVING SERVICE DELIVERY IMPROVING WATER SUPPLY INADEQUATE SANITATION INADEQUATE WATER INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS LAKES LAND TENURE LATRINE LATRINE CONSTRUCTION LATRINE PIT LATRINE PITS LATRINES LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL SERVICES LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS LOW-INCOME POPULATION MAINTENANCE STANDARDS MANAGEMENT OF EXCRETA MUNICIPALITIES NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITHOUT ACCESS OPERATIONAL COSTS PIPE SYSTEM PIT LATRINES POLLUTION POOR DRAINAGE POPULATION DENSITIES POPULATION DENSITY PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDERS PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION PUBLIC TOILETS PUMPING STATIONS PUMPS REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS RIVERS SAFETY SANITARY CONDITIONS SANITATION SANITATION ACCESS SANITATION ACTIVITIES SANITATION COVERAGE SANITATION DATA SANITATION DEVELOPMENT SANITATION FACILITIES SANITATION IMPROVEMENTS SANITATION IN SLUMS SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE SANITATION INVESTMENTS SANITATION OPTIONS SANITATION POLICY SANITATION PROBLEMS SANITATION PROGRAM SANITATION PROGRAMS SANITATION PROJECTS SANITATION PROMOTION SANITATION SECTOR SANITATION SERVICE SANITATION SERVICES SANITATION SYSTEMS SANITATION TECHNOLOGY SEPTIC TANK SEPTIC TANKS SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS SEWAGE SEWAGE TREATMENT SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS SEWER PIPES SEWERAGE SEWERAGE NETWORKS SEWERAGE SERVICES SEWERAGE SYSTEM SEWERAGE SYSTEMS SEWERS SITE SANITATION SLUDGE TREATMENT SLUM DWELLERS SLUM UPGRADING SMALL CITIES SMALL TOWNS SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT TOILET TOILET BLOCKS TOILET FACILITIES TREATMENT PLANT URBAN AREAS URBAN COMMUNITIES URBAN COMMUNITY URBAN DWELLERS URBAN ENVIRONMENT URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION URBAN POPULATIONS URBAN RESIDENTS URBAN SANITATION URBAN SANITATION IMPROVEMENTS URBAN WATER URBAN WATER SUPPLY USERS UTILITIES VOLUMES OF WASTEWATER WASTE WATER WASTES WASTEWATER COLLECTION WASTEWATER TREATMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS WATER ASSOCIATION WATER CONSUMPTION WATER RESOURCES WATER SOURCES |
| author |
Hawkins, Peter Blackett, Isabel Heymans, Chris |
| author_facet |
Hawkins, Peter Blackett, Isabel Heymans, Chris |
| author_sort |
Hawkins, Peter |
| title |
Poor-Inclusive Urban Sanitation : An Overview |
| title_short |
Poor-Inclusive Urban Sanitation : An Overview |
| title_full |
Poor-Inclusive Urban Sanitation : An Overview |
| title_fullStr |
Poor-Inclusive Urban Sanitation : An Overview |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Poor-Inclusive Urban Sanitation : An Overview |
| title_sort |
poor-inclusive urban sanitation : an overview |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013-08 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/08/18114328/targeting-urban-poor-improving-services-small-towns-poor-inclusive-urban-sanitation-overview-targeting-urban-poor-improving-services-small-towns-poor-inclusive-urban-sanitation-overview https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17385 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT hawkinspeter poorinclusiveurbansanitationanoverview AT blackettisabel poorinclusiveurbansanitationanoverview AT heymanschris poorinclusiveurbansanitationanoverview |
| _version_ |
1807160075645616128 |
| spelling |
dig-okr-10986173852024-08-08T14:22:06Z Poor-Inclusive Urban Sanitation : An Overview Hawkins, Peter Blackett, Isabel Heymans, Chris ACCESS TO SANITATION ACCESS TO WATER BASIC SANITATION CITY WATER COMMERCIALIZATION COMMUNAL TOILETS COMMUNITY TOILET COMMUNITY TOILETS CONNECTION CONNECTIONS CONVENTIONAL SEWERAGE DESLUDGING DOMESTIC WATER DRAINAGE CHANNELS DRAINAGE SYSTEMS DRAINS DRINKING WATER EFFECTIVE SANITATION EFFLUENTS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS EXCRETA DISPOSAL FAECAL SLUDGE FINANCIAL VIABILITY FLUSH LATRINES GROUNDWATER HOUSEHOLDS HYGIENE IMPROVING SERVICE DELIVERY IMPROVING WATER SUPPLY INADEQUATE SANITATION INADEQUATE WATER INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS LAKES LAND TENURE LATRINE LATRINE CONSTRUCTION LATRINE PIT LATRINE PITS LATRINES LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL SERVICES LOCAL STAKEHOLDERS LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES LOW-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS LOW-INCOME POPULATION MAINTENANCE STANDARDS MANAGEMENT OF EXCRETA MUNICIPALITIES NUMBER OF PEOPLE WITHOUT ACCESS OPERATIONAL COSTS PIPE SYSTEM PIT LATRINES POLLUTION POOR DRAINAGE POPULATION DENSITIES POPULATION DENSITY PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PROVIDERS PUBLIC SERVICE PROVISION PUBLIC TOILETS PUMPING STATIONS PUMPS REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS RIVERS SAFETY SANITARY CONDITIONS SANITATION SANITATION ACCESS SANITATION ACTIVITIES SANITATION COVERAGE SANITATION DATA SANITATION DEVELOPMENT SANITATION FACILITIES SANITATION IMPROVEMENTS SANITATION IN SLUMS SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE SANITATION INVESTMENTS SANITATION OPTIONS SANITATION POLICY SANITATION PROBLEMS SANITATION PROGRAM SANITATION PROGRAMS SANITATION PROJECTS SANITATION PROMOTION SANITATION SECTOR SANITATION SERVICE SANITATION SERVICES SANITATION SYSTEMS SANITATION TECHNOLOGY SEPTIC TANK SEPTIC TANKS SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE IMPROVEMENTS SEWAGE SEWAGE TREATMENT SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS SEWER PIPES SEWERAGE SEWERAGE NETWORKS SEWERAGE SERVICES SEWERAGE SYSTEM SEWERAGE SYSTEMS SEWERS SITE SANITATION SLUDGE TREATMENT SLUM DWELLERS SLUM UPGRADING SMALL CITIES SMALL TOWNS SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT TOILET TOILET BLOCKS TOILET FACILITIES TREATMENT PLANT URBAN AREAS URBAN COMMUNITIES URBAN COMMUNITY URBAN DWELLERS URBAN ENVIRONMENT URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION URBAN POPULATIONS URBAN RESIDENTS URBAN SANITATION URBAN SANITATION IMPROVEMENTS URBAN WATER URBAN WATER SUPPLY USERS UTILITIES VOLUMES OF WASTEWATER WASTE WATER WASTES WASTEWATER COLLECTION WASTEWATER TREATMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS WATER ASSOCIATION WATER CONSUMPTION WATER RESOURCES WATER SOURCES Most of the world's population now lives in urban areas, and in developing regions the proportion living in cities and towns has risen from 35 percent in 1990 to 45 percent in 2010, from 1.4 billion to 2.5 billion people (Jacobsen et al. 2012). A 2008 World Bank analysis estimated that a third of people living on less than US$2 per day reside in urban areas, and United Nation or UN-habitat estimates that just under 40 percent of urban dwellers live in slums, a number that is growing by more than 20 million per year (Baker 2008). These disparities highlight a pressing need to address the urban sanitation challenge comprehensively, with emphasis on including slum dwellers and poor communities that have typically been neglected. Without concerted intervention, the prospects of cholera, diarrhea, and worm infections will increase, jeopardizing education, productivity, and the quality of life for all urban dwellers. Although this overview of urban sanitation has shown that the current situation is far from ideal, and that widespread improvements will not occur at the present rate of progress, it also identifies initiatives that have potential for wider replication. There is no 'silver bullet' that will deliver improved sanitation to the developing world's burgeoning cities, and some key technical issues remain to be resolved, but much can be achieved by applying what is already known and proven in practice. 2014-03-25T22:10:31Z 2014-03-25T22:10:31Z 2013-08 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/08/18114328/targeting-urban-poor-improving-services-small-towns-poor-inclusive-urban-sanitation-overview-targeting-urban-poor-improving-services-small-towns-poor-inclusive-urban-sanitation-overview https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17385 English en_US Water and sanitation program study; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, DC |