Trade Policy and Poverty Reduction in Brazil

A multi-region computable general equilibrium model is used to evaluate the regional, multilateral, and unilateral trade policy options of Mercosur from the perspective of the welfare of all potential partners in several proposed agreements. The focus for Brazil is on poverty impacts. The results show that the poorest households in Brazil experience gains of 1.5-5.5 percent of their consumption, which are about three to four times the average gains for Brazil. Protection in Brazil favors capital-intensive manufacturing relative to unskilled labor-intensive agriculture and manufacturing. So trade liberalization raises the return to unskilled labor relative to capital and disproportionately helps the poor.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Harrison, Glenn W., Rutherford, Thomas F., Tarr, David G., Gurgel, Angelo
Format:	Journal Article biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC: World Bank 2004-09
Subjects:	AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AGRICULTURAL MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL SUBSIDIES, AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT, AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT POLICIES, AGRICULTURAL TRADE, AGRICULTURAL TRADE LIBERALIZATION, AGRICULTURE, APPLIED TARIFF, ARBITRAGE, AVERAGE EXCHANGE RATE, AVERAGE TARIFF, AVERAGE TARIFFS, BENCHMARK, BORDER PROTECTION, BUDGET CONSTRAINTS, COEFFICIENT ESTIMATE, CONSUMER SURPLUS, CONSUMERS, CORRELATION COEFFICIENT, COUNTRY DUMMY, COUNTRY DUMMY VARIABLES, CURRENCY DATA, CUSTOMS, CUSTOMS REVENUE, DEMAND ELASTICITIES, DEMAND ELASTICITY, DEPRESSING EFFECT, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DISTORTIONS, DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION, DOMESTIC DEMAND, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, DOMESTIC SUPPORT POLICIES, ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC POLICY, ELASTICITY, ELASTICITY OF EXPORT, EQUILIBRIUM, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATE OVERVALUATION, EXOGENOUS SHOCK, EXPORT REVENUE, EXPORT SUBSIDIES, EXPORT SUBSIDY, EXPORT SUBSIDY COMMITMENTS, EXPORT SUPPLY, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, FACTOR MARKETS, FIXED COSTS, FOOD INDUSTRY, FREE ACCESS, GDP, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS, GLOBAL TRADE, GLOBAL TRADE ANALYSIS, HIGH TARIFFS, HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES, IMPACT ON PRICE, IMPORT, IMPORT COMPETITION, IMPORT DEMAND, IMPORT PRICES, IMPORTS, INCOME, INDUSTRIAL POLICY, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL STATISTICS, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT, LDCS, MARKET ACCESS, MARKET STRUCTURE, MOST FAVORED NATION, NATIONAL CURRENCY, NATIONAL INTERESTS, NET EXPORTERS, OVERVALUATION, PER CAPITA INCOME, PREFERENTIAL ACCESS, PREFERENTIAL TRADE, PREFERENTIAL TRADE ARRANGEMENTS, PRICE ELASTICITIES, PRICE ELASTICITY, PRICE INCREASES, PRICE SUPPORT, PRICE SUPPORTS, PRODUCT MARKETS, PROTECTION DATA, PROTECTION MEASURES, QUOTA TARIFFS, QUOTAS, REDUCTION IN TARIFFS, RENTS, RULES OF ORIGIN, SPECIALIZATION, SPECIFIC COMMITMENTS, SUBSIDY POLICIES, SUPPLY RESPONSE, SUPPLY SIDE, TARIFF CLASSIFICATION, TARIFF EQUIVALENT, TARIFF LINES, TARIFF PROTECTION, TARIFF RATE, TARIFF RATE QUOTAS, TARIFF REDUCTION, TARIFF REDUCTIONS, TARIFF REVENUE, TAXATION, TERMS OF TRADE, TOTAL EXPORTS, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE DATA, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE LOSSES, TRADE NEGOTIATIONS, TRADE POLICY, TRADE POLICY REFORMS, TRADE PREFERENCES, TRADE REFORMS, TRADE RESTRICTIVENESS, TRADE SHARES, TRADING PARTNERS, TRANSPORT COSTS, UNILATERAL LIBERALIZATION, URUGUAY ROUND, WEIGHTS, WELFARE GAINS, WELFARE IMPACTS, WELFARE LOSS, WELFARE LOSSES, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, WORLD ECONOMY, WORLD MARKET, WORLD MARKETS, WORLD PRICE, WORLD PRICES, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WORLD TRADING SYSTEM, WTO,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/09/17747614/trade-policy-poverty-reduction-brazil https://hdl.handle.net/10986/17162
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