School Resource and Performance Inequality : Evidence from the Philippines

This paper examines inequality patterns of school and teacher resources as well as student performance in the Philippines. School and teacher resources, measured by pupil classroom and teacher ratios and per-pupil teacher salary, became more unequal over time. Strikingly, a large portion of the variation is attributed to their within-division distributions, especially the non-city areas in each province (rural schools), where pupil classroom and teacher ratios have significantly positive returns in terms of student test scores. Concavity built into the education production function implies that reallocation of teachers and classrooms within a division can potentially increase average test scores. The estimates also imply that it is optimal to deploy young, inexperienced teachers to rural schools and reassign them to urban schools when the teachers are more experienced.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Yamauchi, Futoshi, Parandekar, Suhas
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014-01
Subjects:	ACHIEVEMENT TEST SCORES, ACHIEVEMENTS, AVERAGE TEST SCORE, AVERAGE TEST SCORES, BASIC EDUCATION, CITY SCHOOLS, CLASS SIZE, CLASSROOM, CLASSROOM EXPERIENCES, CLASSROOMS, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, DECISION MAKING, ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION, EDUCATION SECTOR, EDUCATION SYSTEMS, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, EDUCATIONAL QUALITY, ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS, ENROLLMENT, EXPERIENCED TEACHERS, HEAD TEACHERS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION, HUMAN RESOURCES, JOB TRAINING, LEARNING, LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT, LEARNING OUTCOMES, MASTER TEACHERS, MATHEMATICS, NATIONAL SCHOOL, NUMBER OF SCHOOLS, NUMBER OF TEACHERS, OPEN ACCESS, PAPERS, PRINCIPALS, PUBLIC SCHOOLS, PUPIL TEACHER RATIO, PUPIL TEACHERS, PUPIL-CLASSROOM RATIO, PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO, RURAL AREAS, RURAL SCHOOLS, SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT, SCHOOL BUILDING, SCHOOL CENSUS, SCHOOL MANAGEMENT, SCHOOL POPULATIONS, SCHOOL QUALITY, SCHOOL YEAR, SCHOOLS, SOCIAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL SCIENCES, STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT, STUDENT PERFORMANCE, STUDENT POPULATION, STUDENT POPULATIONS, TEACHER, TEACHER QUALITY, TEACHER RATIOS, TEACHERS, TEACHING, TEACHING EXPERIENCE, TEACHING RESOURCES, TEST SCORES, TEXTBOOKS, URBAN SCHOOLS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/01/18809100/school-resource-performance-inequality-evidence-philippines http://hdl.handle.net/10986/16830
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