Estimating the Association Between Women's Earnings and Partner Violence : Evidence from the 2008-2009 Tanzania National Panel Survey

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between women's labor market outcomes and partner violence among Tanzanian women, and to estimate the difference in women's weekly earnings between women who have been abused and women who have not. In addition, this study estimates the lost earnings to women because of partner violence as a share of Tanzania's gross domestic product. Partner violence is the most common form of violence against women and the adverse consequences for women s health have been well documented. Few studies have estimated the economic costs of partner violence in low- and middle-income countries and current evidence suggests that the cost is large. Using data from the nationally representative 2008-2009 Tanzania National Panel Survey, the study uses propensity score matching methods to estimate the difference in women's earnings from formal waged work and non-agricultural self-employment. Data on women's earnings from agricultural self-employment, the largest employment sector for women in Tanzania, were not collected in the survey. Findings from this study reveal that partner violence is pervasive in Tanzania and that abused women earn less than women who have never been abused, with the greatest loss of earnings experienced by women in formal waged work (compared to women in non-agricultural self-employment) and by women in urban areas (compared to women in rural areas).

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Vyas, Seema
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013-11
Subjects:	ABUSE, ABUSED WOMAN, ABUSED WOMEN, ADOLESCENT, ADOLESCENT FERTILITY, ADOLESCENT GIRLS, ADOLESCENT WOMEN, ALCOHOL, ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION, ALCOHOL USE, BASIC NEEDS, BEATING, CASH CROPS, CHILDHOOD, CRIME, CRIMINAL, DEPRESSION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, EARLY MARRIAGE, ECONOMIC CHANGES, ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, ELDERLY, EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, FAMILIES, FAMILY, FATHER, FEMALE, FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING, FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FEMALE POPULATION, FERTILITY RATES, FGC, FIRST SEXUAL EXPERIENCE, FORM OF VIOLENCE, FORM OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, FORMS OF GENDER, FORMS OF VIOLENCE, FORMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, GENDER, GENDER DISPARITY, GENDER FOCAL POINT, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER NORMS, GENDER RELATIONS, GENDER TRAINING, GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE, GIRLS, GROSS NATIONAL INCOME, HARASSMENT, HEALTH BURDEN, HEALTH POLICY, HEALTH SERVICE, HIV, HOME, HOUSE, HOUSEHOLD DUTIES, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD WORK, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUSBANDS, ILL-HEALTH, INFORMAL SECTOR, INFORMATION ON WOMEN, INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON WOMEN, INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE, INTIMATE PARTNER, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR SUPPLY, LAW, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVES OF WOMEN, LIVING STANDARDS, MARITAL RAPE, MARRIAGE, MARRIAGE ACT, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO, MEDICINE, MENTAL HEALTH, MOTHER, NATIONAL LEVELS, NATIONAL PRIORITY, NATIONAL STRATEGY, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF WOMEN, OFFENSES, OLDER WOMEN, OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, OWNERSHIP OF LAND, PARTNERS, PHYSICAL VIOLENCE, POLYGAMY, POPULATION DIVISION, POPULATION ESTIMATES, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH RATE, POPULATION INFORMATION, POPULATION INFORMATION PROGRAM, POPULATION SIZE, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, PROPERTY, PROPORTION OF WOMEN, PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE, PUBLIC HEALTH, RADIO, RAPE, RELIGIOUS LEADERS, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH INDICATORS, RISK OF VIOLENCE, RURAL AREAS, RURAL WOMEN, SANITATION, SELF-ESTEEM, SERVICES, SEVERE PHYSICAL VIOLENCE, SEX, SEX TRAFFICKING, SEXUAL ASSAULT, SEXUAL INTERCOURSE, SEXUAL OFFENCES, SEXUAL PARTNER, SEXUAL VIOLENCE, SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER, SPOUSE, STATUS OF WOMEN, STD, TELEVISION, UNDP, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNITED NATIONS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN WOMEN, VICTIMS, VIOLENCE, VIOLENCE ON WOMEN, WHO, WIFE, WILL, WIVES, WOMAN, WOMEN, WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS, WOMEN'S HEALTH, WOMEN'S STATUS, WORK FORCE, WORKFORCE, WORKING WOMEN, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG ADOLESCENT, YOUNG ADOLESCENT WOMEN,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/18486238/estimating-association-between-women s-earning s-partner-violence-evidence-2008-2009-tanzania-national-panel-survey https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16696
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