Spatial Dimensions of Trade Liberalization and Economic Convergence : Mexico 1985-2002
This article employs established techniques from the spatial economics literature to identify regional patterns of income and growth in Mexico and to examine how they have changed over the period spanned by trade liberalization and how they may be linked to the income divergence observed following liberalization. The article first shows that divergence has emerged in the form of several income clusters that only partially correspond to traditional geographic regions. Next, when regions are defined by spatial correlation in incomes, a south clearly exists, but the north seems to be restricted to the states directly on the United States (U.S.) border and there is no center region. Overall, the principal dynamic of both the increased spatial dependency and the increased divergence lies not on the border but in the sustained underperformance of the southern states, starting before the North American free-trade agreement, and to a lesser extent in the superior performance of an emerging convergence club in the north-center of the country.
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dig-okr-10986164322024-08-08T14:31:09Z Spatial Dimensions of Trade Liberalization and Economic Convergence : Mexico 1985-2002 Aroca, Patricio Bosch, Mariano Maloney, William F. AGRICULTURE AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE INCOMES AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY CITIES CONSOLIDATION CONVERGENCE TEST DEBT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIFFERENCES IN INCOME ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS LITERATURE EX POST EXPLANATORY POWER EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FOREIGN FIRMS FREE TRADE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA GROUP INEQUALITY GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH RATES HIGH GROWTH HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME CONVERGENCE INCOME DATA INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME QUINTILES INCREASING RETURNS INEQUALITY INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LIMITED LINEAR RELATIONSHIP MEAN INCOME NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL ENDOWMENTS NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE GROWTH OIL PRODUCTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL SCIENCE POOR COUNTRIES POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATES REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL GROWTH REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LEVEL RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE INCOMES RELATIVE POSITION SERIES ECONOMETRICS SPATIAL ECONOMICS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNION WAGES WEALTH This article employs established techniques from the spatial economics literature to identify regional patterns of income and growth in Mexico and to examine how they have changed over the period spanned by trade liberalization and how they may be linked to the income divergence observed following liberalization. The article first shows that divergence has emerged in the form of several income clusters that only partially correspond to traditional geographic regions. Next, when regions are defined by spatial correlation in incomes, a south clearly exists, but the north seems to be restricted to the states directly on the United States (U.S.) border and there is no center region. Overall, the principal dynamic of both the increased spatial dependency and the increased divergence lies not on the border but in the sustained underperformance of the southern states, starting before the North American free-trade agreement, and to a lesser extent in the superior performance of an emerging convergence club in the north-center of the country. 2013-12-20T20:08:38Z 2013-12-20T20:08:38Z 2005-09-01 Journal Article Article de journal Artículo de revista http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/09/17752999/spatial-dimensions-trade-liberalization-economic-convergence-mexico-1985-2002 World Bank Economic Review doi:10.1093/wber/lhi018 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16432 English en_US World Bank Economic Review CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo World Bank text/plain application/pdf Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank |
| institution |
Banco Mundial |
| collection |
DSpace |
| country |
Estados Unidos |
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US |
| component |
Bibliográfico |
| access |
En linea |
| databasecode |
dig-okr |
| tag |
biblioteca |
| region |
America del Norte |
| libraryname |
Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
AGRICULTURE AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE INCOMES AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY CITIES CONSOLIDATION CONVERGENCE TEST DEBT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIFFERENCES IN INCOME ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS LITERATURE EX POST EXPLANATORY POWER EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FOREIGN FIRMS FREE TRADE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA GROUP INEQUALITY GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH RATES HIGH GROWTH HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME CONVERGENCE INCOME DATA INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME QUINTILES INCREASING RETURNS INEQUALITY INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LIMITED LINEAR RELATIONSHIP MEAN INCOME NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL ENDOWMENTS NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE GROWTH OIL PRODUCTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL SCIENCE POOR COUNTRIES POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATES REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL GROWTH REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LEVEL RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE INCOMES RELATIVE POSITION SERIES ECONOMETRICS SPATIAL ECONOMICS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNION WAGES WEALTH AGRICULTURE AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE INCOMES AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY CITIES CONSOLIDATION CONVERGENCE TEST DEBT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIFFERENCES IN INCOME ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS LITERATURE EX POST EXPLANATORY POWER EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FOREIGN FIRMS FREE TRADE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA GROUP INEQUALITY GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH RATES HIGH GROWTH HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME CONVERGENCE INCOME DATA INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME QUINTILES INCREASING RETURNS INEQUALITY INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LIMITED LINEAR RELATIONSHIP MEAN INCOME NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL ENDOWMENTS NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE GROWTH OIL PRODUCTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL SCIENCE POOR COUNTRIES POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATES REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL GROWTH REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LEVEL RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE INCOMES RELATIVE POSITION SERIES ECONOMETRICS SPATIAL ECONOMICS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNION WAGES WEALTH |
| spellingShingle |
AGRICULTURE AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE INCOMES AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY CITIES CONSOLIDATION CONVERGENCE TEST DEBT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIFFERENCES IN INCOME ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS LITERATURE EX POST EXPLANATORY POWER EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FOREIGN FIRMS FREE TRADE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA GROUP INEQUALITY GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH RATES HIGH GROWTH HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME CONVERGENCE INCOME DATA INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME QUINTILES INCREASING RETURNS INEQUALITY INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LIMITED LINEAR RELATIONSHIP MEAN INCOME NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL ENDOWMENTS NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE GROWTH OIL PRODUCTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL SCIENCE POOR COUNTRIES POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATES REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL GROWTH REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LEVEL RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE INCOMES RELATIVE POSITION SERIES ECONOMETRICS SPATIAL ECONOMICS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNION WAGES WEALTH AGRICULTURE AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE INCOMES AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY CITIES CONSOLIDATION CONVERGENCE TEST DEBT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIFFERENCES IN INCOME ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS LITERATURE EX POST EXPLANATORY POWER EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FOREIGN FIRMS FREE TRADE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA GROUP INEQUALITY GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH RATES HIGH GROWTH HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME CONVERGENCE INCOME DATA INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME QUINTILES INCREASING RETURNS INEQUALITY INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LIMITED LINEAR RELATIONSHIP MEAN INCOME NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL ENDOWMENTS NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE GROWTH OIL PRODUCTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL SCIENCE POOR COUNTRIES POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATES REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL GROWTH REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LEVEL RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE INCOMES RELATIVE POSITION SERIES ECONOMETRICS SPATIAL ECONOMICS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNION WAGES WEALTH Aroca, Patricio Bosch, Mariano Maloney, William F. Spatial Dimensions of Trade Liberalization and Economic Convergence : Mexico 1985-2002 |
| description |
This article employs established
techniques from the spatial economics literature to identify
regional patterns of income and growth in Mexico and to
examine how they have changed over the period spanned by
trade liberalization and how they may be linked to the
income divergence observed following liberalization. The
article first shows that divergence has emerged in the form
of several income clusters that only partially correspond to
traditional geographic regions. Next, when regions are
defined by spatial correlation in incomes, a south clearly
exists, but the north seems to be restricted to the states
directly on the United States (U.S.) border and there is no
center region. Overall, the principal dynamic of both the
increased spatial dependency and the increased divergence
lies not on the border but in the sustained underperformance
of the southern states, starting before the North American
free-trade agreement, and to a lesser extent in the superior
performance of an emerging convergence club in the
north-center of the country. |
| format |
Journal Article |
| topic_facet |
AGRICULTURE AVERAGE INCOME AVERAGE INCOMES AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BETWEEN-GROUP INEQUALITY CITIES CONSOLIDATION CONVERGENCE TEST DEBT DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY DIFFERENCES IN INCOME ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC POLICY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS LITERATURE EX POST EXPLANATORY POWER EXPORTS EXTERNALITIES FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FOREIGN FIRMS FREE TRADE GDP GDP PER CAPITA GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT PER CAPITA GROUP INEQUALITY GROWTH PROCESS GROWTH RATES HIGH GROWTH HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME CONVERGENCE INCOME DATA INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INCOME QUINTILES INCREASING RETURNS INEQUALITY INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LIMITED LINEAR RELATIONSHIP MEAN INCOME NATIONAL INCOME NATURAL ENDOWMENTS NATURAL RESOURCES NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE GROWTH OIL PRODUCTION PER CAPITA INCOME PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY RESEARCH POLITICAL ECONOMY POLITICAL SCIENCE POOR COUNTRIES POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION GROWTH RATES REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL GROWTH REGIONAL INEQUALITY REGIONAL LEVEL RELATIVE INCOME RELATIVE INCOMES RELATIVE POSITION SERIES ECONOMETRICS SPATIAL ECONOMICS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE LIBERALIZATION UNION WAGES WEALTH |
| author |
Aroca, Patricio Bosch, Mariano Maloney, William F. |
| author_facet |
Aroca, Patricio Bosch, Mariano Maloney, William F. |
| author_sort |
Aroca, Patricio |
| title |
Spatial Dimensions of Trade Liberalization and Economic Convergence : Mexico 1985-2002 |
| title_short |
Spatial Dimensions of Trade Liberalization and Economic Convergence : Mexico 1985-2002 |
| title_full |
Spatial Dimensions of Trade Liberalization and Economic Convergence : Mexico 1985-2002 |
| title_fullStr |
Spatial Dimensions of Trade Liberalization and Economic Convergence : Mexico 1985-2002 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Spatial Dimensions of Trade Liberalization and Economic Convergence : Mexico 1985-2002 |
| title_sort |
spatial dimensions of trade liberalization and economic convergence : mexico 1985-2002 |
| publisher |
Oxford University Press on behalf of the World Bank |
| publishDate |
2005-09-01 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/09/17752999/spatial-dimensions-trade-liberalization-economic-convergence-mexico-1985-2002 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16432 |
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| _version_ |
1807157113384861696 |