India : Diagnostic Assessment of Select Environmental Challenges, Volume 3. Valuation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in India
This report provides estimates of social and financial costs of environmental damage in India from three pollution damage categories: (i) urban air pollution, including particulate matter and lead; (ii) inadequate water supply, poor sanitation, and hygiene; (iii) indoor air pollution; and four natural resource damage categories: (a) agricultural damage from soil salinity, water logging, and soil erosion; (b) rangeland degradation; (c) deforestation; and (d) natural disasters. The estimates are based on a combination of Indian data from secondary sources and on the transfer of unit costs of pollution from a range of national and international studies. The quantification and monetary valuation of environmental damage involves many scientific disciplines including environmental, physical, and biological and health sciences, epidemiology, and environmental economics. Estimates of the costs of degradation are generally reported as a percent of conventional gross domestic product (GDP). This provides a useful estimate of the importance of environmental damages but it should not be interpreted that GDP will increase by a given percent if the degradation were to be reduced to zero. Any measures to reduce environmental degradation will have a cost and the additional cost goes up the greater is the reduction that is made. Hence a program to remove all degradation can well result in a lower GDP. This report provides a measure of the overall damage relative to a benchmark, in which all damages related to economic activity are eliminated. The report is structured as follows: section one provides a summary of estimated social and financial costs of environmental damage; section two focuses on urban air pollution; section three deals with water supply, sanitation, and hygiene; section four focuses on indoor air pollution; section five focuses on land degradation, crop production, and rangeland degradation; and section six deals with forest degradation.
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dig-okr-1098616029 |
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koha |
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Banco Mundial |
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Estados Unidos |
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US |
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En linea |
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biblioteca |
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America del Norte |
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Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
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English en_US |
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ABATEMENT ACCURATE INFORMATION ACTION PLAN AGRICULTURE ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE BEAR BIO-DIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION BIODIVERSITY LOSS BIODIVERSITY PROSPECTING BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS BIOLOGICALLY DIVERSE ECOSYSTEMS BIOMASS BIOSPHERE BIOSPHERE RESERVE BLOOD PRESSURE CANCER CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON SEQUESTRATION CARBON SINK CATTLE CLEAN AIR CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE COAST COASTAL PROTECTION COASTAL WATERS COASTAL WETLANDS COMMERCIAL FISHING CONSERVATION MONITORING CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF NATURE CONSUMPTION PATTERNS CONTINGENT VALUATION CORAL CORAL COVER CORAL MINING CORAL REEF CORAL REEFS CROPS DEFORESTATION DEMAND FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES DIMINISHING RETURNS DIMINISHING RETURNS TO SCALE DRY MATTER ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC VALUATION ECONOMIC VALUES ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING ECOSYSTEM LEVEL ECOSYSTEM SERVICE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ECOSYSTEMS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES FLOOD CONTROL FLOOD PROTECTION FOREST AREA FOREST AREAS FOREST CARBON FOREST CARBON SEQUESTRATION FOREST CARBON STOCKS FOREST COVER FOREST ECOSYSTEM FOREST MANAGEMENT FOREST POLICY FOREST RESOURCES FOREST SERVICE FORESTRY FORESTS FRESH WATER GENETIC GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM GLOBAL FOREST GLOBAL FOREST ASSESSMENT GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT GLOBAL_BIODIVERSITY GRASSLAND GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM GRASSLANDS GREEN ACCOUNTING GREENHOUSE GASES HABITAT HEDONIC PRICING HUMAN ACTIVITIES HUMAN EXPLOITATION HUNTING INDIRECT USE ISSUES LAKES LAND ECONOMICS LAND USE LAND USES LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS OF BIOMASS LOSS OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LOSS OF FORESTS MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM MANGROVE SYSTEMS MANGROVES MARGINAL COSTS MARKET PRICES NATURAL CONDITIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NATURE NON-USE VALUES POLLUTION CONTROL PRESENT VALUE PROTECTION PURCHASING POWER ROADS SAMPLE SIZE SEDIMENTATION SHORE SOCIAL COSTS SOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SOIL CONSERVATION SOIL EROSION SPECIES SPECIES ABUNDANCE SURFACE WATER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TEMPERATE FOREST THEORETICAL MODELS TIMBER TIMBER FOREST TOURISM TOURISM ACTIVITIES TREE TROPICAL FOREST URBAN LAND USE VALUE VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY VALUE OF WETLAND VEGETATION WATER POLLUTION WETLAND WETLAND AREA WETLAND AREAS WETLAND VALUE WILDLIFE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION WILLINGNESS TO PAY WTP ABATEMENT ACCURATE INFORMATION ACTION PLAN AGRICULTURE ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE BEAR BIO-DIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION BIODIVERSITY LOSS BIODIVERSITY PROSPECTING BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS BIOLOGICALLY DIVERSE ECOSYSTEMS BIOMASS BIOSPHERE BIOSPHERE RESERVE BLOOD PRESSURE CANCER CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON SEQUESTRATION CARBON SINK CATTLE CLEAN AIR CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE COAST COASTAL PROTECTION COASTAL WATERS COASTAL WETLANDS COMMERCIAL FISHING CONSERVATION MONITORING CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF NATURE CONSUMPTION PATTERNS CONTINGENT VALUATION CORAL CORAL COVER CORAL MINING CORAL REEF CORAL REEFS CROPS DEFORESTATION DEMAND FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES DIMINISHING RETURNS DIMINISHING RETURNS TO SCALE DRY MATTER ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC VALUATION ECONOMIC VALUES ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING ECOSYSTEM LEVEL ECOSYSTEM SERVICE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ECOSYSTEMS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES FLOOD CONTROL FLOOD PROTECTION FOREST AREA FOREST AREAS FOREST CARBON FOREST CARBON SEQUESTRATION FOREST CARBON STOCKS FOREST COVER FOREST ECOSYSTEM FOREST MANAGEMENT FOREST POLICY FOREST RESOURCES FOREST SERVICE FORESTRY FORESTS FRESH WATER GENETIC GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM GLOBAL FOREST GLOBAL FOREST ASSESSMENT GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT GLOBAL_BIODIVERSITY GRASSLAND GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM GRASSLANDS GREEN ACCOUNTING GREENHOUSE GASES HABITAT HEDONIC PRICING HUMAN ACTIVITIES HUMAN EXPLOITATION HUNTING INDIRECT USE ISSUES LAKES LAND ECONOMICS LAND USE LAND USES LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS OF BIOMASS LOSS OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LOSS OF FORESTS MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM MANGROVE SYSTEMS MANGROVES MARGINAL COSTS MARKET PRICES NATURAL CONDITIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NATURE NON-USE VALUES POLLUTION CONTROL PRESENT VALUE PROTECTION PURCHASING POWER ROADS SAMPLE SIZE SEDIMENTATION SHORE SOCIAL COSTS SOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SOIL CONSERVATION SOIL EROSION SPECIES SPECIES ABUNDANCE SURFACE WATER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TEMPERATE FOREST THEORETICAL MODELS TIMBER TIMBER FOREST TOURISM TOURISM ACTIVITIES TREE TROPICAL FOREST URBAN LAND USE VALUE VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY VALUE OF WETLAND VEGETATION WATER POLLUTION WETLAND WETLAND AREA WETLAND AREAS WETLAND VALUE WILDLIFE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION WILLINGNESS TO PAY WTP |
| spellingShingle |
ABATEMENT ACCURATE INFORMATION ACTION PLAN AGRICULTURE ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE BEAR BIO-DIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION BIODIVERSITY LOSS BIODIVERSITY PROSPECTING BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS BIOLOGICALLY DIVERSE ECOSYSTEMS BIOMASS BIOSPHERE BIOSPHERE RESERVE BLOOD PRESSURE CANCER CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON SEQUESTRATION CARBON SINK CATTLE CLEAN AIR CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE COAST COASTAL PROTECTION COASTAL WATERS COASTAL WETLANDS COMMERCIAL FISHING CONSERVATION MONITORING CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF NATURE CONSUMPTION PATTERNS CONTINGENT VALUATION CORAL CORAL COVER CORAL MINING CORAL REEF CORAL REEFS CROPS DEFORESTATION DEMAND FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES DIMINISHING RETURNS DIMINISHING RETURNS TO SCALE DRY MATTER ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC VALUATION ECONOMIC VALUES ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING ECOSYSTEM LEVEL ECOSYSTEM SERVICE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ECOSYSTEMS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES FLOOD CONTROL FLOOD PROTECTION FOREST AREA FOREST AREAS FOREST CARBON FOREST CARBON SEQUESTRATION FOREST CARBON STOCKS FOREST COVER FOREST ECOSYSTEM FOREST MANAGEMENT FOREST POLICY FOREST RESOURCES FOREST SERVICE FORESTRY FORESTS FRESH WATER GENETIC GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM GLOBAL FOREST GLOBAL FOREST ASSESSMENT GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT GLOBAL_BIODIVERSITY GRASSLAND GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM GRASSLANDS GREEN ACCOUNTING GREENHOUSE GASES HABITAT HEDONIC PRICING HUMAN ACTIVITIES HUMAN EXPLOITATION HUNTING INDIRECT USE ISSUES LAKES LAND ECONOMICS LAND USE LAND USES LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS OF BIOMASS LOSS OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LOSS OF FORESTS MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM MANGROVE SYSTEMS MANGROVES MARGINAL COSTS MARKET PRICES NATURAL CONDITIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NATURE NON-USE VALUES POLLUTION CONTROL PRESENT VALUE PROTECTION PURCHASING POWER ROADS SAMPLE SIZE SEDIMENTATION SHORE SOCIAL COSTS SOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SOIL CONSERVATION SOIL EROSION SPECIES SPECIES ABUNDANCE SURFACE WATER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TEMPERATE FOREST THEORETICAL MODELS TIMBER TIMBER FOREST TOURISM TOURISM ACTIVITIES TREE TROPICAL FOREST URBAN LAND USE VALUE VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY VALUE OF WETLAND VEGETATION WATER POLLUTION WETLAND WETLAND AREA WETLAND AREAS WETLAND VALUE WILDLIFE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION WILLINGNESS TO PAY WTP ABATEMENT ACCURATE INFORMATION ACTION PLAN AGRICULTURE ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE BEAR BIO-DIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION BIODIVERSITY LOSS BIODIVERSITY PROSPECTING BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS BIOLOGICALLY DIVERSE ECOSYSTEMS BIOMASS BIOSPHERE BIOSPHERE RESERVE BLOOD PRESSURE CANCER CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON SEQUESTRATION CARBON SINK CATTLE CLEAN AIR CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE COAST COASTAL PROTECTION COASTAL WATERS COASTAL WETLANDS COMMERCIAL FISHING CONSERVATION MONITORING CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF NATURE CONSUMPTION PATTERNS CONTINGENT VALUATION CORAL CORAL COVER CORAL MINING CORAL REEF CORAL REEFS CROPS DEFORESTATION DEMAND FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES DIMINISHING RETURNS DIMINISHING RETURNS TO SCALE DRY MATTER ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC VALUATION ECONOMIC VALUES ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING ECOSYSTEM LEVEL ECOSYSTEM SERVICE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ECOSYSTEMS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES FLOOD CONTROL FLOOD PROTECTION FOREST AREA FOREST AREAS FOREST CARBON FOREST CARBON SEQUESTRATION FOREST CARBON STOCKS FOREST COVER FOREST ECOSYSTEM FOREST MANAGEMENT FOREST POLICY FOREST RESOURCES FOREST SERVICE FORESTRY FORESTS FRESH WATER GENETIC GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM GLOBAL FOREST GLOBAL FOREST ASSESSMENT GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT GLOBAL_BIODIVERSITY GRASSLAND GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM GRASSLANDS GREEN ACCOUNTING GREENHOUSE GASES HABITAT HEDONIC PRICING HUMAN ACTIVITIES HUMAN EXPLOITATION HUNTING INDIRECT USE ISSUES LAKES LAND ECONOMICS LAND USE LAND USES LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS OF BIOMASS LOSS OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LOSS OF FORESTS MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM MANGROVE SYSTEMS MANGROVES MARGINAL COSTS MARKET PRICES NATURAL CONDITIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NATURE NON-USE VALUES POLLUTION CONTROL PRESENT VALUE PROTECTION PURCHASING POWER ROADS SAMPLE SIZE SEDIMENTATION SHORE SOCIAL COSTS SOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SOIL CONSERVATION SOIL EROSION SPECIES SPECIES ABUNDANCE SURFACE WATER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TEMPERATE FOREST THEORETICAL MODELS TIMBER TIMBER FOREST TOURISM TOURISM ACTIVITIES TREE TROPICAL FOREST URBAN LAND USE VALUE VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY VALUE OF WETLAND VEGETATION WATER POLLUTION WETLAND WETLAND AREA WETLAND AREAS WETLAND VALUE WILDLIFE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION WILLINGNESS TO PAY WTP World Bank India : Diagnostic Assessment of Select Environmental Challenges, Volume 3. Valuation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in India |
| description |
This report provides estimates of social
and financial costs of environmental damage in India from
three pollution damage categories: (i) urban air pollution,
including particulate matter and lead; (ii) inadequate water
supply, poor sanitation, and hygiene; (iii) indoor air
pollution; and four natural resource damage categories: (a)
agricultural damage from soil salinity, water logging, and
soil erosion; (b) rangeland degradation; (c) deforestation;
and (d) natural disasters. The estimates are based on a
combination of Indian data from secondary sources and on the
transfer of unit costs of pollution from a range of national
and international studies. The quantification and monetary
valuation of environmental damage involves many scientific
disciplines including environmental, physical, and
biological and health sciences, epidemiology, and
environmental economics. Estimates of the costs of
degradation are generally reported as a percent of
conventional gross domestic product (GDP). This provides a
useful estimate of the importance of environmental damages
but it should not be interpreted that GDP will increase by a
given percent if the degradation were to be reduced to zero.
Any measures to reduce environmental degradation will have a
cost and the additional cost goes up the greater is the
reduction that is made. Hence a program to remove all
degradation can well result in a lower GDP. This report
provides a measure of the overall damage relative to a
benchmark, in which all damages related to economic activity
are eliminated. The report is structured as follows: section
one provides a summary of estimated social and financial
costs of environmental damage; section two focuses on urban
air pollution; section three deals with water supply,
sanitation, and hygiene; section four focuses on indoor air
pollution; section five focuses on land degradation, crop
production, and rangeland degradation; and section six deals
with forest degradation. |
| topic_facet |
ABATEMENT ACCURATE INFORMATION ACTION PLAN AGRICULTURE ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE BEAR BIO-DIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION BIODIVERSITY LOSS BIODIVERSITY PROSPECTING BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS BIOLOGICALLY DIVERSE ECOSYSTEMS BIOMASS BIOSPHERE BIOSPHERE RESERVE BLOOD PRESSURE CANCER CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON SEQUESTRATION CARBON SINK CATTLE CLEAN AIR CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE COAST COASTAL PROTECTION COASTAL WATERS COASTAL WETLANDS COMMERCIAL FISHING CONSERVATION MONITORING CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF NATURE CONSUMPTION PATTERNS CONTINGENT VALUATION CORAL CORAL COVER CORAL MINING CORAL REEF CORAL REEFS CROPS DEFORESTATION DEMAND FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES DIMINISHING RETURNS DIMINISHING RETURNS TO SCALE DRY MATTER ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC VALUATION ECONOMIC VALUES ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING ECOSYSTEM LEVEL ECOSYSTEM SERVICE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ECOSYSTEMS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES FLOOD CONTROL FLOOD PROTECTION FOREST AREA FOREST AREAS FOREST CARBON FOREST CARBON SEQUESTRATION FOREST CARBON STOCKS FOREST COVER FOREST ECOSYSTEM FOREST MANAGEMENT FOREST POLICY FOREST RESOURCES FOREST SERVICE FORESTRY FORESTS FRESH WATER GENETIC GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM GLOBAL FOREST GLOBAL FOREST ASSESSMENT GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT GLOBAL_BIODIVERSITY GRASSLAND GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM GRASSLANDS GREEN ACCOUNTING GREENHOUSE GASES HABITAT HEDONIC PRICING HUMAN ACTIVITIES HUMAN EXPLOITATION HUNTING INDIRECT USE ISSUES LAKES LAND ECONOMICS LAND USE LAND USES LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS OF BIOMASS LOSS OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LOSS OF FORESTS MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM MANGROVE SYSTEMS MANGROVES MARGINAL COSTS MARKET PRICES NATURAL CONDITIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NATURE NON-USE VALUES POLLUTION CONTROL PRESENT VALUE PROTECTION PURCHASING POWER ROADS SAMPLE SIZE SEDIMENTATION SHORE SOCIAL COSTS SOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SOIL CONSERVATION SOIL EROSION SPECIES SPECIES ABUNDANCE SURFACE WATER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TEMPERATE FOREST THEORETICAL MODELS TIMBER TIMBER FOREST TOURISM TOURISM ACTIVITIES TREE TROPICAL FOREST URBAN LAND USE VALUE VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY VALUE OF WETLAND VEGETATION WATER POLLUTION WETLAND WETLAND AREA WETLAND AREAS WETLAND VALUE WILDLIFE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION WILLINGNESS TO PAY WTP |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
India : Diagnostic Assessment of Select Environmental Challenges, Volume 3. Valuation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in India |
| title_short |
India : Diagnostic Assessment of Select Environmental Challenges, Volume 3. Valuation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in India |
| title_full |
India : Diagnostic Assessment of Select Environmental Challenges, Volume 3. Valuation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in India |
| title_fullStr |
India : Diagnostic Assessment of Select Environmental Challenges, Volume 3. Valuation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in India |
| title_full_unstemmed |
India : Diagnostic Assessment of Select Environmental Challenges, Volume 3. Valuation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in India |
| title_sort |
india : diagnostic assessment of select environmental challenges, volume 3. valuation of biodiversity and ecosystem services in india |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2013-06-05 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/06/18009367/india-diagnostic-assessment-select-environmental-challenges-vol-3-3-valuation-biodiversity-ecosystem-services-india https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16029 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT worldbank indiadiagnosticassessmentofselectenvironmentalchallengesvolume3valuationofbiodiversityandecosystemservicesinindia |
| _version_ |
1807159166343577600 |
| spelling |
dig-okr-10986160292024-08-08T14:25:31Z India : Diagnostic Assessment of Select Environmental Challenges, Volume 3. Valuation of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in India World Bank ABATEMENT ACCURATE INFORMATION ACTION PLAN AGRICULTURE ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE BEAR BIO-DIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION BIODIVERSITY LOSS BIODIVERSITY PROSPECTING BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS BIOLOGICALLY DIVERSE ECOSYSTEMS BIOMASS BIOSPHERE BIOSPHERE RESERVE BLOOD PRESSURE CANCER CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON SEQUESTRATION CARBON SINK CATTLE CLEAN AIR CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE COAST COASTAL PROTECTION COASTAL WATERS COASTAL WETLANDS COMMERCIAL FISHING CONSERVATION MONITORING CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF NATURE CONSUMPTION PATTERNS CONTINGENT VALUATION CORAL CORAL COVER CORAL MINING CORAL REEF CORAL REEFS CROPS DEFORESTATION DEMAND FOR ECOSYSTEM SERVICES DIMINISHING RETURNS DIMINISHING RETURNS TO SCALE DRY MATTER ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS ECOLOGY ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC VALUATION ECONOMIC VALUES ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING ECOSYSTEM LEVEL ECOSYSTEM SERVICE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ECOSYSTEMS ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMIST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES FLOOD CONTROL FLOOD PROTECTION FOREST AREA FOREST AREAS FOREST CARBON FOREST CARBON SEQUESTRATION FOREST CARBON STOCKS FOREST COVER FOREST ECOSYSTEM FOREST MANAGEMENT FOREST POLICY FOREST RESOURCES FOREST SERVICE FORESTRY FORESTS FRESH WATER GENETIC GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY GLOBAL ECOSYSTEM GLOBAL FOREST GLOBAL FOREST ASSESSMENT GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT GLOBAL_BIODIVERSITY GRASSLAND GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM GRASSLANDS GREEN ACCOUNTING GREENHOUSE GASES HABITAT HEDONIC PRICING HUMAN ACTIVITIES HUMAN EXPLOITATION HUNTING INDIRECT USE ISSUES LAKES LAND ECONOMICS LAND USE LAND USES LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS OF BIOMASS LOSS OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES LOSS OF FORESTS MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM MANGROVE SYSTEMS MANGROVES MARGINAL COSTS MARKET PRICES NATURAL CONDITIONS NATURAL RESOURCES NATURE NON-USE VALUES POLLUTION CONTROL PRESENT VALUE PROTECTION PURCHASING POWER ROADS SAMPLE SIZE SEDIMENTATION SHORE SOCIAL COSTS SOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SOIL CONSERVATION SOIL EROSION SPECIES SPECIES ABUNDANCE SURFACE WATER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TEMPERATE FOREST THEORETICAL MODELS TIMBER TIMBER FOREST TOURISM TOURISM ACTIVITIES TREE TROPICAL FOREST URBAN LAND USE VALUE VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY VALUE OF WETLAND VEGETATION WATER POLLUTION WETLAND WETLAND AREA WETLAND AREAS WETLAND VALUE WILDLIFE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION WILLINGNESS TO PAY WTP This report provides estimates of social and financial costs of environmental damage in India from three pollution damage categories: (i) urban air pollution, including particulate matter and lead; (ii) inadequate water supply, poor sanitation, and hygiene; (iii) indoor air pollution; and four natural resource damage categories: (a) agricultural damage from soil salinity, water logging, and soil erosion; (b) rangeland degradation; (c) deforestation; and (d) natural disasters. The estimates are based on a combination of Indian data from secondary sources and on the transfer of unit costs of pollution from a range of national and international studies. The quantification and monetary valuation of environmental damage involves many scientific disciplines including environmental, physical, and biological and health sciences, epidemiology, and environmental economics. Estimates of the costs of degradation are generally reported as a percent of conventional gross domestic product (GDP). This provides a useful estimate of the importance of environmental damages but it should not be interpreted that GDP will increase by a given percent if the degradation were to be reduced to zero. Any measures to reduce environmental degradation will have a cost and the additional cost goes up the greater is the reduction that is made. Hence a program to remove all degradation can well result in a lower GDP. This report provides a measure of the overall damage relative to a benchmark, in which all damages related to economic activity are eliminated. The report is structured as follows: section one provides a summary of estimated social and financial costs of environmental damage; section two focuses on urban air pollution; section three deals with water supply, sanitation, and hygiene; section four focuses on indoor air pollution; section five focuses on land degradation, crop production, and rangeland degradation; and section six deals with forest degradation. 2013-10-02T18:34:36Z 2013-10-02T18:34:36Z 2013-06-05 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/06/18009367/india-diagnostic-assessment-select-environmental-challenges-vol-3-3-valuation-biodiversity-ecosystem-services-india https://hdl.handle.net/10986/16029 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain Washington, DC |