Goals for Development : History, Prospects, and Costs

The Millennium Development Goals set quantitative targets for poverty reduction and improvements in health, education, gender equality, the environment, and other aspects of human welfare. At existing rates of progress many countries will fall short of these goals. However, if developing countries take steps to improve their policies and increased financial resources are made available, significant additional progress toward the goals is possible. The suthors provide a preliminary estimate of the additional financial resources which would be required if countries would work vigorously toward meeting the Millennium Development Goals. Two estimates of the resource gap are developed, one by estimating the additional resources necessary to increase economic growth so as to reduce income poverty, the other by estimating the cost of meeting specific goals in health, education, and the environment. Both estimates yield a figure in the range of $40-$70 billion in additional assistance per year, which is in line with estimates from other international development agencies and which would roughly represent a doubling of official aid flows over 2000 levels. While the authors believe this is a reasonable first approximation of the costs associated with achieving the Millennium Development Goals, it should be interpreted with caution for several reasons, including the lack of empirical data in many countries to estimate the relationship between expenditures on health or education and related outcomes, or the relationship between investment and growth, the sensitivity of the results to changes in the policy environment (both at the macroeconomic and sector level, and with respect to international trade), and opportunities for increased-and more efficient-domestic resource mobilization.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Miller, Margaret J., Devarajan, Shantayanan, Swanson, Eric V.
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, D.C. 2002-04
Subjects:AGED, AGGREGATE SPENDING, AGRICULTURE, ANNUAL RATE, ASIA & PACIFIC, CHILD CARE, CHILD DEATHS, CHILD MALNUTRITION, CHILD MORTALITY, CHILD MORTALITY RATES, CHILDBIRTH, CIVIL CONFLICT, CLEAN WATER, DATA SET, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION, DEVELOPMENT GOALS, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, DEVELOPMENT NETWORK, DEVELOPMENT PRACTITIONERS, DIARRHEA, DISEASES, DRUG USERS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATION, EXCRETA, EXTREME POVERTY, FAMILIES, GIRLS, HEALTH, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH STATUS, HEMORRHAGE, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN WELFARE, INCOME, INCOME COUNTRIES, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCREASED EMPHASIS, INFANT MORTALITY, INFECTION, INSTITUTIONAL ENVIRONMENTS, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, LIVE BIRTHS, LOW INCOME, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MALARIA, MALNUTRITION, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO, MEASLES, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MOTHERS, NORTH AFRICA, ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY, PARENTS, PARTNERSHIP, PATH, POINT, POLICY CHOICES, POLICY ENVIRONMENT, POLICY FRAMEWORK, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POOR COUNTRIES, POPULATION GROWTH, POVERTY REDUCTION, PREGNANCY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, PUBLIC EXPENDITURES, PUBLIC FUNDS, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC RESOURCES, PUBLIC SECTOR, PUBLIC SERVICES, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, RADIO, REDUCING POVERTY, RESEARCH FINDINGS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL RESIDENTS, SAFE DRINKING WATER, SAMPLE SIZES, SANITATION, SCHOOLS, SERVICE DELIVERY, SOCIAL INCLUSION, SOCIAL INDICATORS, SOUTHEAST ASIA, STATISTICAL DATA, STUNTING, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TERTIARY EDUCATION, VACCINATIONS, WASTE, WORKERS, YOUNG CHILD POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, HEALTH IMPROVEMENT, RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT, AID FLOWS, INCOME LEVELS, GENDER EQUALITY, ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME, DISEASE PREVENTION & CONTROL, MALARIA CONTROL, POTABLE WATER, ACCESS TO WATER, SANITATION SERVICES, POLICY DEVELOPMENT, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, MARKET ACCESS, RESOURCES MOBILIZATION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE,
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/04/1758950/goals-development-history-prospects-costs
https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14812
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