Regional Agreements and Trade            Services : Policy Issues

Mattoo, Aaditya; Fink, Carsten

Regional Agreements and Trade Services : Policy Issues

Every major regional trade agreement now has a services dimension. Is trade in services so different that there is need to modify the conclusions on preferential agreements pertaining to goods reached so far? The authors first examine the implications of unilateral policy choices in a particular services market. They then explore the economics of international cooperation and identify the circumstances in which a country is more likely to benefit from cooperation in a regional rather than multilateral forum.

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Mattoo, Aaditya, Fink, Carsten
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, D.C. 2002-06
Subjects:	ALTERNATIVE INSTRUMENTS, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, BORDER FORMALITIES, BUSINESS SERVICES, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, CHANGES IN TRADE, COMMERCIAL PRESENCE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVE MARKETS, COMPETITIVENESS, CONCESSIONS, CONSTANT MARGINAL COSTS, CONSUMER CHOICE, CONSUMER SURPLUS, CONSUMERS, CONVERGENCE, CROSS BORDER TRADE, CROSS- BORDER TRADE, CROSS-BORDER DELIVERY, CROSS-BORDER TRADE, CROWDING OUT, DIRECT INVESTMENT, DISCRIMINATORY REGULATION, DISCRIMINATORY RESTRICTIONS, DOMESTIC FIRMS, DOMESTIC IMPORTERS, DOMESTIC INDUSTRY, DOMESTIC INTEREST, DOMESTIC INTEREST GROUPS, DOMESTIC PRODUCTION, DOMESTIC REGULATIONS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EQUILIBRIUM, EXPLOITATION, EXPORTERS, FACTOR ENDOWMENTS, FACTOR MARKETS, FACTOR MOBILITY, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FIXED COSTS, FOREIGN CAPITAL, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN ENTRY, FOREIGN FIRMS, FOREIGN GOODS, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INVESTOR, FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, FOREIGN PROFESSIONALS, FOREIGN PROVIDERS, FOREIGN SERVICES, FOREIGN SUPPLIER, FOREIGN SUPPLIERS, FREE ENTRY, FREE TRADE, FREE TRADE AGREEMENT, FRICTIONAL BARRIERS, GATS, GLOBAL COMPETITION, GLOBAL WELFARE, HARMONIZATION, HIGH-TARIFF IMPORTS, IMPORTING COUNTRY, IMPORTS, INCOME LEVELS, INCREASED COMPETITION, INDUCING KNOWLEDGE, INSURANCE, INSURANCE COMPANIES, INTEGRATED MARKET, INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT, KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS, LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE, LIBERALIZING TRADE, LICENSING PROCESS, LIMITED ENTRY, LOCAL CONTENT, LOCAL INDUSTRY, MARGINAL COST, MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION, MARGINAL PRODUCTION, MARKET ENLARGEMENT, MARKET INTEGRATION, MARKET SIZE, MARKET STRUCTURE, MFN, MULTILATERAL CONTEXT, MULTILATERAL FORUM, MULTILATERAL LEVEL, MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION, MULTILATERAL OPENING, MUTUAL RECOGNITION, MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT, NATIONAL INCOME, NATIONAL MARKETS, NATIONAL TREATMENT, NETWORK EXTERNALITIES, NON- MEMBER COUNTRIES, NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS, NON-PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION, NON-PREFERENTIAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT, NORMAL PROFITS, PARTNER COUNTRIES, PREFERENCE-GRANTING COUNTRY, PREFERENTIAL ACCESS, PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT, PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT IN SERVICES, PREFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENT, PREFERENTIAL BASIS, PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION, PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION AGREEMENTS, PREFERENTIAL REDUCTION, PREFERENTIAL SOURCES, PREFERENTIAL TARIFF, PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT, PRODUCERS, PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION, PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES, PRODUCTION COSTS, PROFESSIONAL SERVICES, PROTECTIONIST INSTRUMENT, PROTECTIONIST MEASURES, QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS, QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTION, QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS, QUOTA RENTS, QUOTAS, RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS, REDUCTION IN TARIFFS, REGIONAL AGREEMENT, REGIONAL AGREEMENTS, REGIONAL CONTEXT, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL INTEGRATION AGREEMENT, REGIONAL LEVEL, REGIONAL MARKET, REGIONAL TRADE, REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT, REGIONALISM, REGULATORY BARRIER, REGULATORY BURDEN, REGULATORY COOPERATION, REGULATORY OBJECTIVES, REMOVING BARRIERS, RESERVE REQUIREMENTS, RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN, SCALE ECONOMIES, SCALE EFFECTS, SERVICE PROVIDER, SERVICE SUPPLIERS, SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS, SERVICES SECTORS, SERVICES TRADE, SUNK COSTS, TAKEOVER, TARIFF REVENUE, TAX RATES, TECHNICAL REGULATIONS, TECHNICAL STANDARDS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TRADE AGREEMENT, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE CREATION, TRADE DIVERSION, TRADE FLOWS, TRADE IN SERVICES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE SERVICES, TRADE THEORY, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT SERVICES, VARIABLE COSTS, WAGES, WELFARE GAINS TRADE AGREEMENTS, SERVICE EXPORTS, PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS, POLICY FORMATION, TRADE FACILITATION, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/06/1810072/regional-agreements-trade-services-policy-issues https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14791
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topic	ALTERNATIVE INSTRUMENTS BARRIERS TO ENTRY BORDER FORMALITIES BUSINESS SERVICES CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CHANGES IN TRADE COMMERCIAL PRESENCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONSTANT MARGINAL COSTS CONSUMER CHOICE CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS CONVERGENCE CROSS BORDER TRADE CROSS- BORDER TRADE CROSS-BORDER DELIVERY CROSS-BORDER TRADE CROWDING OUT DIRECT INVESTMENT DISCRIMINATORY REGULATION DISCRIMINATORY RESTRICTIONS DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC IMPORTERS DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DOMESTIC INTEREST DOMESTIC INTEREST GROUPS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC REGULATIONS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIES OF SCALE EQUILIBRIUM EXPLOITATION EXPORTERS FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FACTOR MARKETS FACTOR MOBILITY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COSTS FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTRY FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN GOODS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN PROFESSIONALS FOREIGN PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICES FOREIGN SUPPLIER FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE ENTRY FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FRICTIONAL BARRIERS GATS GLOBAL COMPETITION GLOBAL WELFARE HARMONIZATION HIGH-TARIFF IMPORTS IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCOME LEVELS INCREASED COMPETITION INDUCING KNOWLEDGE INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INTEGRATED MARKET INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZING TRADE LICENSING PROCESS LIMITED ENTRY LOCAL CONTENT LOCAL INDUSTRY MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION MARGINAL PRODUCTION MARKET ENLARGEMENT MARKET INTEGRATION MARKET SIZE MARKET STRUCTURE MFN MULTILATERAL CONTEXT MULTILATERAL FORUM MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERAL OPENING MUTUAL RECOGNITION MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL MARKETS NATIONAL TREATMENT NETWORK EXTERNALITIES NON- MEMBER COUNTRIES NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS NON-PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION NON-PREFERENTIAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT NORMAL PROFITS PARTNER COUNTRIES PREFERENCE-GRANTING COUNTRY PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT IN SERVICES PREFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENT PREFERENTIAL BASIS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL SOURCES PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT PRODUCERS PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES PRODUCTION COSTS PROFESSIONAL SERVICES PROTECTIONIST INSTRUMENT PROTECTIONIST MEASURES QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTION QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTA RENTS QUOTAS RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS REDUCTION IN TARIFFS REGIONAL AGREEMENT REGIONAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL CONTEXT REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL INTEGRATION AGREEMENT REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL MARKET REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT REGIONALISM REGULATORY BARRIER REGULATORY BURDEN REGULATORY COOPERATION REGULATORY OBJECTIVES REMOVING BARRIERS RESERVE REQUIREMENTS RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN SCALE ECONOMIES SCALE EFFECTS SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES SECTORS SERVICES TRADE SUNK COSTS TAKEOVER TARIFF REVENUE TAX RATES TECHNICAL REGULATIONS TECHNICAL STANDARDS TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE CREATION TRADE DIVERSION TRADE FLOWS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE POLICY TRADE SERVICES TRADE THEORY TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES VARIABLE COSTS WAGES WELFARE GAINS TRADE AGREEMENTS REGIONAL INTEGRATION SERVICE EXPORTS PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS POLICY FORMATION TRADE FACILITATION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL TRADE ALTERNATIVE INSTRUMENTS BARRIERS TO ENTRY BORDER FORMALITIES BUSINESS SERVICES CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CHANGES IN TRADE COMMERCIAL PRESENCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONSTANT MARGINAL COSTS CONSUMER CHOICE CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS CONVERGENCE CROSS BORDER TRADE CROSS- BORDER TRADE CROSS-BORDER DELIVERY CROSS-BORDER TRADE CROWDING OUT DIRECT INVESTMENT DISCRIMINATORY REGULATION DISCRIMINATORY RESTRICTIONS DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC IMPORTERS DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DOMESTIC INTEREST DOMESTIC INTEREST GROUPS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC REGULATIONS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIES OF SCALE EQUILIBRIUM EXPLOITATION EXPORTERS FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FACTOR MARKETS FACTOR MOBILITY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COSTS FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTRY FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN GOODS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN PROFESSIONALS FOREIGN PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICES FOREIGN SUPPLIER FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE ENTRY FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FRICTIONAL BARRIERS GATS GLOBAL COMPETITION GLOBAL WELFARE HARMONIZATION HIGH-TARIFF IMPORTS IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCOME LEVELS INCREASED COMPETITION INDUCING KNOWLEDGE INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INTEGRATED MARKET INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZING TRADE LICENSING PROCESS LIMITED ENTRY LOCAL CONTENT LOCAL INDUSTRY MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION MARGINAL PRODUCTION MARKET ENLARGEMENT MARKET INTEGRATION MARKET SIZE MARKET STRUCTURE MFN MULTILATERAL CONTEXT MULTILATERAL FORUM MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERAL OPENING MUTUAL RECOGNITION MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL MARKETS NATIONAL TREATMENT NETWORK EXTERNALITIES NON- MEMBER COUNTRIES NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS NON-PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION NON-PREFERENTIAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT NORMAL PROFITS PARTNER COUNTRIES PREFERENCE-GRANTING COUNTRY PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT IN SERVICES PREFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENT PREFERENTIAL BASIS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL SOURCES PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT PRODUCERS PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES PRODUCTION COSTS PROFESSIONAL SERVICES PROTECTIONIST INSTRUMENT PROTECTIONIST MEASURES QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTION QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTA RENTS QUOTAS RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS REDUCTION IN TARIFFS REGIONAL AGREEMENT REGIONAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL CONTEXT REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL INTEGRATION AGREEMENT REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL MARKET REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT REGIONALISM REGULATORY BARRIER REGULATORY BURDEN REGULATORY COOPERATION REGULATORY OBJECTIVES REMOVING BARRIERS RESERVE REQUIREMENTS RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN SCALE ECONOMIES SCALE EFFECTS SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES SECTORS SERVICES TRADE SUNK COSTS TAKEOVER TARIFF REVENUE TAX RATES TECHNICAL REGULATIONS TECHNICAL STANDARDS TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE CREATION TRADE DIVERSION TRADE FLOWS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE POLICY TRADE SERVICES TRADE THEORY TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES VARIABLE COSTS WAGES WELFARE GAINS TRADE AGREEMENTS REGIONAL INTEGRATION SERVICE EXPORTS PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS POLICY FORMATION TRADE FACILITATION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL TRADE
spellingShingle	ALTERNATIVE INSTRUMENTS BARRIERS TO ENTRY BORDER FORMALITIES BUSINESS SERVICES CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CHANGES IN TRADE COMMERCIAL PRESENCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONSTANT MARGINAL COSTS CONSUMER CHOICE CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS CONVERGENCE CROSS BORDER TRADE CROSS- BORDER TRADE CROSS-BORDER DELIVERY CROSS-BORDER TRADE CROWDING OUT DIRECT INVESTMENT DISCRIMINATORY REGULATION DISCRIMINATORY RESTRICTIONS DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC IMPORTERS DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DOMESTIC INTEREST DOMESTIC INTEREST GROUPS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC REGULATIONS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIES OF SCALE EQUILIBRIUM EXPLOITATION EXPORTERS FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FACTOR MARKETS FACTOR MOBILITY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COSTS FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTRY FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN GOODS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN PROFESSIONALS FOREIGN PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICES FOREIGN SUPPLIER FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE ENTRY FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FRICTIONAL BARRIERS GATS GLOBAL COMPETITION GLOBAL WELFARE HARMONIZATION HIGH-TARIFF IMPORTS IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCOME LEVELS INCREASED COMPETITION INDUCING KNOWLEDGE INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INTEGRATED MARKET INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZING TRADE LICENSING PROCESS LIMITED ENTRY LOCAL CONTENT LOCAL INDUSTRY MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION MARGINAL PRODUCTION MARKET ENLARGEMENT MARKET INTEGRATION MARKET SIZE MARKET STRUCTURE MFN MULTILATERAL CONTEXT MULTILATERAL FORUM MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERAL OPENING MUTUAL RECOGNITION MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL MARKETS NATIONAL TREATMENT NETWORK EXTERNALITIES NON- MEMBER COUNTRIES NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS NON-PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION NON-PREFERENTIAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT NORMAL PROFITS PARTNER COUNTRIES PREFERENCE-GRANTING COUNTRY PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT IN SERVICES PREFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENT PREFERENTIAL BASIS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL SOURCES PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT PRODUCERS PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES PRODUCTION COSTS PROFESSIONAL SERVICES PROTECTIONIST INSTRUMENT PROTECTIONIST MEASURES QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTION QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTA RENTS QUOTAS RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS REDUCTION IN TARIFFS REGIONAL AGREEMENT REGIONAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL CONTEXT REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL INTEGRATION AGREEMENT REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL MARKET REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT REGIONALISM REGULATORY BARRIER REGULATORY BURDEN REGULATORY COOPERATION REGULATORY OBJECTIVES REMOVING BARRIERS RESERVE REQUIREMENTS RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN SCALE ECONOMIES SCALE EFFECTS SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES SECTORS SERVICES TRADE SUNK COSTS TAKEOVER TARIFF REVENUE TAX RATES TECHNICAL REGULATIONS TECHNICAL STANDARDS TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE CREATION TRADE DIVERSION TRADE FLOWS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE POLICY TRADE SERVICES TRADE THEORY TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES VARIABLE COSTS WAGES WELFARE GAINS TRADE AGREEMENTS REGIONAL INTEGRATION SERVICE EXPORTS PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS POLICY FORMATION TRADE FACILITATION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL TRADE ALTERNATIVE INSTRUMENTS BARRIERS TO ENTRY BORDER FORMALITIES BUSINESS SERVICES CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CHANGES IN TRADE COMMERCIAL PRESENCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONSTANT MARGINAL COSTS CONSUMER CHOICE CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS CONVERGENCE CROSS BORDER TRADE CROSS- BORDER TRADE CROSS-BORDER DELIVERY CROSS-BORDER TRADE CROWDING OUT DIRECT INVESTMENT DISCRIMINATORY REGULATION DISCRIMINATORY RESTRICTIONS DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC IMPORTERS DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DOMESTIC INTEREST DOMESTIC INTEREST GROUPS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC REGULATIONS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIES OF SCALE EQUILIBRIUM EXPLOITATION EXPORTERS FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FACTOR MARKETS FACTOR MOBILITY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COSTS FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTRY FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN GOODS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN PROFESSIONALS FOREIGN PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICES FOREIGN SUPPLIER FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE ENTRY FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FRICTIONAL BARRIERS GATS GLOBAL COMPETITION GLOBAL WELFARE HARMONIZATION HIGH-TARIFF IMPORTS IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCOME LEVELS INCREASED COMPETITION INDUCING KNOWLEDGE INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INTEGRATED MARKET INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZING TRADE LICENSING PROCESS LIMITED ENTRY LOCAL CONTENT LOCAL INDUSTRY MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION MARGINAL PRODUCTION MARKET ENLARGEMENT MARKET INTEGRATION MARKET SIZE MARKET STRUCTURE MFN MULTILATERAL CONTEXT MULTILATERAL FORUM MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERAL OPENING MUTUAL RECOGNITION MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL MARKETS NATIONAL TREATMENT NETWORK EXTERNALITIES NON- MEMBER COUNTRIES NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS NON-PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION NON-PREFERENTIAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT NORMAL PROFITS PARTNER COUNTRIES PREFERENCE-GRANTING COUNTRY PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT IN SERVICES PREFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENT PREFERENTIAL BASIS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL SOURCES PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT PRODUCERS PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES PRODUCTION COSTS PROFESSIONAL SERVICES PROTECTIONIST INSTRUMENT PROTECTIONIST MEASURES QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTION QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTA RENTS QUOTAS RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS REDUCTION IN TARIFFS REGIONAL AGREEMENT REGIONAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL CONTEXT REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL INTEGRATION AGREEMENT REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL MARKET REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT REGIONALISM REGULATORY BARRIER REGULATORY BURDEN REGULATORY COOPERATION REGULATORY OBJECTIVES REMOVING BARRIERS RESERVE REQUIREMENTS RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN SCALE ECONOMIES SCALE EFFECTS SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES SECTORS SERVICES TRADE SUNK COSTS TAKEOVER TARIFF REVENUE TAX RATES TECHNICAL REGULATIONS TECHNICAL STANDARDS TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE CREATION TRADE DIVERSION TRADE FLOWS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE POLICY TRADE SERVICES TRADE THEORY TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES VARIABLE COSTS WAGES WELFARE GAINS TRADE AGREEMENTS REGIONAL INTEGRATION SERVICE EXPORTS PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS POLICY FORMATION TRADE FACILITATION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL TRADE Mattoo, Aaditya Fink, Carsten Regional Agreements and Trade Services : Policy Issues
description	Every major regional trade agreement now has a services dimension. Is trade in services so different that there is need to modify the conclusions on preferential agreements pertaining to goods reached so far? The authors first examine the implications of unilateral policy choices in a particular services market. They then explore the economics of international cooperation and identify the circumstances in which a country is more likely to benefit from cooperation in a regional rather than multilateral forum.
topic_facet	ALTERNATIVE INSTRUMENTS BARRIERS TO ENTRY BORDER FORMALITIES BUSINESS SERVICES CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CHANGES IN TRADE COMMERCIAL PRESENCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONSTANT MARGINAL COSTS CONSUMER CHOICE CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS CONVERGENCE CROSS BORDER TRADE CROSS- BORDER TRADE CROSS-BORDER DELIVERY CROSS-BORDER TRADE CROWDING OUT DIRECT INVESTMENT DISCRIMINATORY REGULATION DISCRIMINATORY RESTRICTIONS DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC IMPORTERS DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DOMESTIC INTEREST DOMESTIC INTEREST GROUPS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC REGULATIONS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIES OF SCALE EQUILIBRIUM EXPLOITATION EXPORTERS FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FACTOR MARKETS FACTOR MOBILITY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COSTS FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTRY FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN GOODS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN PROFESSIONALS FOREIGN PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICES FOREIGN SUPPLIER FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE ENTRY FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FRICTIONAL BARRIERS GATS GLOBAL COMPETITION GLOBAL WELFARE HARMONIZATION HIGH-TARIFF IMPORTS IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCOME LEVELS INCREASED COMPETITION INDUCING KNOWLEDGE INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INTEGRATED MARKET INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZING TRADE LICENSING PROCESS LIMITED ENTRY LOCAL CONTENT LOCAL INDUSTRY MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION MARGINAL PRODUCTION MARKET ENLARGEMENT MARKET INTEGRATION MARKET SIZE MARKET STRUCTURE MFN MULTILATERAL CONTEXT MULTILATERAL FORUM MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERAL OPENING MUTUAL RECOGNITION MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL MARKETS NATIONAL TREATMENT NETWORK EXTERNALITIES NON- MEMBER COUNTRIES NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS NON-PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION NON-PREFERENTIAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT NORMAL PROFITS PARTNER COUNTRIES PREFERENCE-GRANTING COUNTRY PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT IN SERVICES PREFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENT PREFERENTIAL BASIS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL SOURCES PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT PRODUCERS PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES PRODUCTION COSTS PROFESSIONAL SERVICES PROTECTIONIST INSTRUMENT PROTECTIONIST MEASURES QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTION QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTA RENTS QUOTAS RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS REDUCTION IN TARIFFS REGIONAL AGREEMENT REGIONAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL CONTEXT REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL INTEGRATION AGREEMENT REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL MARKET REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT REGIONALISM REGULATORY BARRIER REGULATORY BURDEN REGULATORY COOPERATION REGULATORY OBJECTIVES REMOVING BARRIERS RESERVE REQUIREMENTS RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN SCALE ECONOMIES SCALE EFFECTS SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES SECTORS SERVICES TRADE SUNK COSTS TAKEOVER TARIFF REVENUE TAX RATES TECHNICAL REGULATIONS TECHNICAL STANDARDS TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE CREATION TRADE DIVERSION TRADE FLOWS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE POLICY TRADE SERVICES TRADE THEORY TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES VARIABLE COSTS WAGES WELFARE GAINS TRADE AGREEMENTS REGIONAL INTEGRATION SERVICE EXPORTS PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS POLICY FORMATION TRADE FACILITATION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL TRADE
author	Mattoo, Aaditya Fink, Carsten
author_facet	Mattoo, Aaditya Fink, Carsten
author_sort	Mattoo, Aaditya
title	Regional Agreements and Trade Services : Policy Issues
title_short	Regional Agreements and Trade Services : Policy Issues
title_full	Regional Agreements and Trade Services : Policy Issues
title_fullStr	Regional Agreements and Trade Services : Policy Issues
title_full_unstemmed	Regional Agreements and Trade Services : Policy Issues
title_sort	regional agreements and trade services : policy issues
publisher	World Bank, Washington, D.C.
publishDate	2002-06
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/06/1810072/regional-agreements-trade-services-policy-issues https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14791
work_keys_str_mv	AT mattooaaditya regionalagreementsandtradeservicespolicyissues AT finkcarsten regionalagreementsandtradeservicespolicyissues
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spelling	dig-okr-10986147912024-08-08T17:53:34Z Regional Agreements and Trade Services : Policy Issues Mattoo, Aaditya Fink, Carsten ALTERNATIVE INSTRUMENTS BARRIERS TO ENTRY BORDER FORMALITIES BUSINESS SERVICES CAPITAL ACCUMULATION CHANGES IN TRADE COMMERCIAL PRESENCE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS CONCESSIONS CONSTANT MARGINAL COSTS CONSUMER CHOICE CONSUMER SURPLUS CONSUMERS CONVERGENCE CROSS BORDER TRADE CROSS- BORDER TRADE CROSS-BORDER DELIVERY CROSS-BORDER TRADE CROWDING OUT DIRECT INVESTMENT DISCRIMINATORY REGULATION DISCRIMINATORY RESTRICTIONS DOMESTIC FIRMS DOMESTIC IMPORTERS DOMESTIC INDUSTRY DOMESTIC INTEREST DOMESTIC INTEREST GROUPS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DOMESTIC REGULATIONS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY ECONOMIES OF SCALE EQUILIBRIUM EXPLOITATION EXPORTERS FACTOR ENDOWMENTS FACTOR MARKETS FACTOR MOBILITY FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL SERVICES FIXED COSTS FOREIGN CAPITAL FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN ENTRY FOREIGN FIRMS FOREIGN GOODS FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTOR FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FOREIGN PROFESSIONALS FOREIGN PROVIDERS FOREIGN SERVICES FOREIGN SUPPLIER FOREIGN SUPPLIERS FREE ENTRY FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT FRICTIONAL BARRIERS GATS GLOBAL COMPETITION GLOBAL WELFARE HARMONIZATION HIGH-TARIFF IMPORTS IMPORTING COUNTRY IMPORTS INCOME LEVELS INCREASED COMPETITION INDUCING KNOWLEDGE INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INTEGRATED MARKET INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS LIBERALIZATION OF TRADE LIBERALIZING TRADE LICENSING PROCESS LIMITED ENTRY LOCAL CONTENT LOCAL INDUSTRY MARGINAL COST MARGINAL COST OF PRODUCTION MARGINAL PRODUCTION MARKET ENLARGEMENT MARKET INTEGRATION MARKET SIZE MARKET STRUCTURE MFN MULTILATERAL CONTEXT MULTILATERAL FORUM MULTILATERAL LEVEL MULTILATERAL LIBERALIZATION MULTILATERAL OPENING MUTUAL RECOGNITION MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT NATIONAL INCOME NATIONAL MARKETS NATIONAL TREATMENT NETWORK EXTERNALITIES NON- MEMBER COUNTRIES NON-DISCRIMINATORY BASIS NON-PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION NON-PREFERENTIAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENT NORMAL PROFITS PARTNER COUNTRIES PREFERENCE-GRANTING COUNTRY PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT PREFERENTIAL AGREEMENT IN SERVICES PREFERENTIAL ARRANGEMENT PREFERENTIAL BASIS PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION PREFERENTIAL LIBERALIZATION AGREEMENTS PREFERENTIAL REDUCTION PREFERENTIAL SOURCES PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT PRODUCERS PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES PRODUCTION COSTS PROFESSIONAL SERVICES PROTECTIONIST INSTRUMENT PROTECTIONIST MEASURES QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTION QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTA RENTS QUOTAS RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS REDUCTION IN TARIFFS REGIONAL AGREEMENT REGIONAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL CONTEXT REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL INTEGRATION AGREEMENT REGIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL MARKET REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENT REGIONALISM REGULATORY BARRIER REGULATORY BURDEN REGULATORY COOPERATION REGULATORY OBJECTIVES REMOVING BARRIERS RESERVE REQUIREMENTS RESTRICTIVE RULES OF ORIGIN SCALE ECONOMIES SCALE EFFECTS SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE SUPPLIERS SERVICES NEGOTIATIONS SERVICES SECTORS SERVICES TRADE SUNK COSTS TAKEOVER TARIFF REVENUE TAX RATES TECHNICAL REGULATIONS TECHNICAL STANDARDS TELECOMMUNICATIONS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE CREATION TRADE DIVERSION TRADE FLOWS TRADE IN SERVICES TRADE POLICY TRADE SERVICES TRADE THEORY TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORT SERVICES VARIABLE COSTS WAGES WELFARE GAINS TRADE AGREEMENTS REGIONAL INTEGRATION SERVICE EXPORTS PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS POLICY FORMATION TRADE FACILITATION INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION ECONOMIC COOPERATION MULTILATERAL AGREEMENTS REGIONAL TRADE Every major regional trade agreement now has a services dimension. Is trade in services so different that there is need to modify the conclusions on preferential agreements pertaining to goods reached so far? The authors first examine the implications of unilateral policy choices in a particular services market. They then explore the economics of international cooperation and identify the circumstances in which a country is more likely to benefit from cooperation in a regional rather than multilateral forum. 2013-08-05T14:27:43Z 2013-08-05T14:27:43Z 2002-06 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/06/1810072/regional-agreements-trade-services-policy-issues https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14791 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No.2852 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Regional Agreements and Trade Services : Policy Issues

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