Iran - Energy : Environment Review Policy Note
This Policy Note is based on the Final Report of the Environmental Energy Review (EER), prepared over two years, with the full collaboration of the Government of Iran, and the assistance of international, and national consultants. The EER report comprises: an analysis of the current situation with regards to energy generation, and use; an evaluation of the growth prospects with regard to energy generation, and use; the identification of the environmental issues induced by the generation, and use of energy, and the cost estimates of damages; the evaluation of the extent of contribution to the climate-change phenomenon, through emission of greenhouse gases; the evaluation of the proposed mitigating measures for previously identified environmental problems; conclusions and recommendations; and, a proposal for an action plan. The emphasis of the EER is on air pollution, being the most extreme, visible sign of environmental damage, certainly in the large cities. The major source of air pollution is the energy sector, key to the Iranian economy, and, the main engine of future economic growth, though a principal cause of environmental pollution, and a major source of market distortion. The challenge therefore is to recommend the necessary policy reforms and sectoral measures that will substantially reduce damage costs, in the case that no reform or measures are introduced. In order to better define the options, and their impacts, a total of twelve scenarios were analyzed, characterized by a combination of four price reform scenarios, and three different sets of measures. Major conclusions from this analysis suggest rapid price reform, as a strategy for the environment, through a combination of price reform, plus appropriate sectoral measures. If price reform is delayed past 2009, then the country can improve its financial cash-flow by providing financial incentives to the efficient use of energy, and to the substitution of fuel-oil by natural gas, avoiding subsidies, and instead fund other environmental control measures, where the costs are not easily assigned to the polluter. The policy note also proposes an Action Plan to implement the main sectoral policies described above.
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dig-okr-1098614387 |
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koha |
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Banco Mundial |
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Estados Unidos |
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US |
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Bibliográfico |
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En linea |
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dig-okr |
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biblioteca |
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America del Norte |
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Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ENERGY SECTOR REFORM ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES POLICY REFORMS SECTORAL PLANNING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK PRICE SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASH FLOW ENERGY USE NATURAL GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ENERGY SECTOR REFORM ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES POLICY REFORMS SECTORAL PLANNING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK PRICE SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASH FLOW ENERGY USE NATURAL GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AGED AIR AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIR QUALITY ALTITUDE BENEFIT ANALYSIS BIOMASS CARBON CARBON MONOXIDE CITIES CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN TECHNOLOGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO COMBUSTION COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES CPI CRUDE OIL DECISION MAKING DEFORESTATION DRAINAGE DRAINAGE WATER ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC PROBLEMS EFFECTIVE USE EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSIONS EMISSIONS REDUCTION ENERGY BALANCE ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY POLICY ENERGY SUPPLY ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES EXCHANGE RATE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUELS GDP GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GREENHOUSE GASES GROUNDWATER HAZARDS HOUSING HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS INCENTIVE SYSTEMS INCOME INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INFLATION INFORMATION DISSEMINATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE INTERVENTION KYOTO PROTOCOL LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND DEGRADATION LAWS MARKET PRICES MEDIA MINES NATURAL DISASTERS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCES NUCLEAR ENERGY OIL OIL PRICES OPEC OPPORTUNITY COSTS PETROLEUM PHOTOVOLTAICS POLLUTERS POLLUTION POLLUTION CONTROL POTENTIAL IMPACTS PRESSURE PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAMS PROJECT PREPARATION PUBLIC SECTOR PURCHASING POWER QUALITY OF LIFE RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE RESOURCES RESPIRATORY DISEASES RIVERS SAFETY SAFETY MEASURES SAVINGS SOIL STRUCTURES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAXATION TOOLS TRANSPORT UNEMPLOYMENT UNEP URBAN DEVELOPMENT VOC WASTE WATER QUALITY WATER SUPPLY WHO WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ENERGY SECTOR REFORM ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES POLICY REFORMS SECTORAL PLANNING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK PRICE SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASH FLOW ENERGY USE NATURAL GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ENERGY SECTOR REFORM ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES POLICY REFORMS SECTORAL PLANNING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK PRICE SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASH FLOW ENERGY USE NATURAL GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AGED AIR AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIR QUALITY ALTITUDE BENEFIT ANALYSIS BIOMASS CARBON CARBON MONOXIDE CITIES CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN TECHNOLOGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO COMBUSTION COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES CPI CRUDE OIL DECISION MAKING DEFORESTATION DRAINAGE DRAINAGE WATER ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC PROBLEMS EFFECTIVE USE EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSIONS EMISSIONS REDUCTION ENERGY BALANCE ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY POLICY ENERGY SUPPLY ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES EXCHANGE RATE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUELS GDP GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GREENHOUSE GASES GROUNDWATER HAZARDS HOUSING HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS INCENTIVE SYSTEMS INCOME INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INFLATION INFORMATION DISSEMINATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE INTERVENTION KYOTO PROTOCOL LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND DEGRADATION LAWS MARKET PRICES MEDIA MINES NATURAL DISASTERS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCES NUCLEAR ENERGY OIL OIL PRICES OPEC OPPORTUNITY COSTS PETROLEUM PHOTOVOLTAICS POLLUTERS POLLUTION POLLUTION CONTROL POTENTIAL IMPACTS PRESSURE PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAMS PROJECT PREPARATION PUBLIC SECTOR PURCHASING POWER QUALITY OF LIFE RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE RESOURCES RESPIRATORY DISEASES RIVERS SAFETY SAFETY MEASURES SAVINGS SOIL STRUCTURES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAXATION TOOLS TRANSPORT UNEMPLOYMENT UNEP URBAN DEVELOPMENT VOC WASTE WATER QUALITY WATER SUPPLY WHO WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION |
| spellingShingle |
ENERGY SECTOR REFORM ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES POLICY REFORMS SECTORAL PLANNING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK PRICE SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASH FLOW ENERGY USE NATURAL GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ENERGY SECTOR REFORM ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES POLICY REFORMS SECTORAL PLANNING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK PRICE SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASH FLOW ENERGY USE NATURAL GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AGED AIR AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIR QUALITY ALTITUDE BENEFIT ANALYSIS BIOMASS CARBON CARBON MONOXIDE CITIES CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN TECHNOLOGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO COMBUSTION COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES CPI CRUDE OIL DECISION MAKING DEFORESTATION DRAINAGE DRAINAGE WATER ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC PROBLEMS EFFECTIVE USE EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSIONS EMISSIONS REDUCTION ENERGY BALANCE ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY POLICY ENERGY SUPPLY ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES EXCHANGE RATE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUELS GDP GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GREENHOUSE GASES GROUNDWATER HAZARDS HOUSING HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS INCENTIVE SYSTEMS INCOME INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INFLATION INFORMATION DISSEMINATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE INTERVENTION KYOTO PROTOCOL LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND DEGRADATION LAWS MARKET PRICES MEDIA MINES NATURAL DISASTERS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCES NUCLEAR ENERGY OIL OIL PRICES OPEC OPPORTUNITY COSTS PETROLEUM PHOTOVOLTAICS POLLUTERS POLLUTION POLLUTION CONTROL POTENTIAL IMPACTS PRESSURE PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAMS PROJECT PREPARATION PUBLIC SECTOR PURCHASING POWER QUALITY OF LIFE RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE RESOURCES RESPIRATORY DISEASES RIVERS SAFETY SAFETY MEASURES SAVINGS SOIL STRUCTURES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAXATION TOOLS TRANSPORT UNEMPLOYMENT UNEP URBAN DEVELOPMENT VOC WASTE WATER QUALITY WATER SUPPLY WHO WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ENERGY SECTOR REFORM ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES POLICY REFORMS SECTORAL PLANNING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK PRICE SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASH FLOW ENERGY USE NATURAL GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ENERGY SECTOR REFORM ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES POLICY REFORMS SECTORAL PLANNING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK PRICE SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASH FLOW ENERGY USE NATURAL GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AGED AIR AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIR QUALITY ALTITUDE BENEFIT ANALYSIS BIOMASS CARBON CARBON MONOXIDE CITIES CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN TECHNOLOGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO COMBUSTION COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES CPI CRUDE OIL DECISION MAKING DEFORESTATION DRAINAGE DRAINAGE WATER ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC PROBLEMS EFFECTIVE USE EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSIONS EMISSIONS REDUCTION ENERGY BALANCE ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY POLICY ENERGY SUPPLY ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES EXCHANGE RATE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUELS GDP GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GREENHOUSE GASES GROUNDWATER HAZARDS HOUSING HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS INCENTIVE SYSTEMS INCOME INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INFLATION INFORMATION DISSEMINATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE INTERVENTION KYOTO PROTOCOL LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND DEGRADATION LAWS MARKET PRICES MEDIA MINES NATURAL DISASTERS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCES NUCLEAR ENERGY OIL OIL PRICES OPEC OPPORTUNITY COSTS PETROLEUM PHOTOVOLTAICS POLLUTERS POLLUTION POLLUTION CONTROL POTENTIAL IMPACTS PRESSURE PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAMS PROJECT PREPARATION PUBLIC SECTOR PURCHASING POWER QUALITY OF LIFE RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE RESOURCES RESPIRATORY DISEASES RIVERS SAFETY SAFETY MEASURES SAVINGS SOIL STRUCTURES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAXATION TOOLS TRANSPORT UNEMPLOYMENT UNEP URBAN DEVELOPMENT VOC WASTE WATER QUALITY WATER SUPPLY WHO WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION World Bank Iran - Energy : Environment Review Policy Note |
| description |
This Policy Note is based on the Final
Report of the Environmental Energy Review (EER), prepared
over two years, with the full collaboration of the
Government of Iran, and the assistance of international, and
national consultants. The EER report comprises: an analysis
of the current situation with regards to energy generation,
and use; an evaluation of the growth prospects with regard
to energy generation, and use; the identification of the
environmental issues induced by the generation, and use of
energy, and the cost estimates of damages; the evaluation of
the extent of contribution to the climate-change phenomenon,
through emission of greenhouse gases; the evaluation of the
proposed mitigating measures for previously identified
environmental problems; conclusions and recommendations;
and, a proposal for an action plan. The emphasis of the EER
is on air pollution, being the most extreme, visible sign of
environmental damage, certainly in the large cities. The
major source of air pollution is the energy sector, key to
the Iranian economy, and, the main engine of future economic
growth, though a principal cause of environmental pollution,
and a major source of market distortion. The challenge
therefore is to recommend the necessary policy reforms and
sectoral measures that will substantially reduce damage
costs, in the case that no reform or measures are
introduced. In order to better define the options, and their
impacts, a total of twelve scenarios were analyzed,
characterized by a combination of four price reform
scenarios, and three different sets of measures. Major
conclusions from this analysis suggest rapid price reform,
as a strategy for the environment, through a combination of
price reform, plus appropriate sectoral measures. If price
reform is delayed past 2009, then the country can improve
its financial cash-flow by providing financial incentives to
the efficient use of energy, and to the substitution of
fuel-oil by natural gas, avoiding subsidies, and instead
fund other environmental control measures, where the costs
are not easily assigned to the polluter. The policy note
also proposes an Action Plan to implement the main sectoral
policies described above. |
| topic_facet |
ENERGY SECTOR REFORM ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES POLICY REFORMS SECTORAL PLANNING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK PRICE SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASH FLOW ENERGY USE NATURAL GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ENERGY SECTOR REFORM ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES POLICY REFORMS SECTORAL PLANNING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK PRICE SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASH FLOW ENERGY USE NATURAL GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AGED AIR AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIR QUALITY ALTITUDE BENEFIT ANALYSIS BIOMASS CARBON CARBON MONOXIDE CITIES CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN TECHNOLOGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO COMBUSTION COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES CPI CRUDE OIL DECISION MAKING DEFORESTATION DRAINAGE DRAINAGE WATER ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC PROBLEMS EFFECTIVE USE EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSIONS EMISSIONS REDUCTION ENERGY BALANCE ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY POLICY ENERGY SUPPLY ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES EXCHANGE RATE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUELS GDP GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GREENHOUSE GASES GROUNDWATER HAZARDS HOUSING HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS INCENTIVE SYSTEMS INCOME INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INFLATION INFORMATION DISSEMINATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE INTERVENTION KYOTO PROTOCOL LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND DEGRADATION LAWS MARKET PRICES MEDIA MINES NATURAL DISASTERS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCES NUCLEAR ENERGY OIL OIL PRICES OPEC OPPORTUNITY COSTS PETROLEUM PHOTOVOLTAICS POLLUTERS POLLUTION POLLUTION CONTROL POTENTIAL IMPACTS PRESSURE PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAMS PROJECT PREPARATION PUBLIC SECTOR PURCHASING POWER QUALITY OF LIFE RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE RESOURCES RESPIRATORY DISEASES RIVERS SAFETY SAFETY MEASURES SAVINGS SOIL STRUCTURES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAXATION TOOLS TRANSPORT UNEMPLOYMENT UNEP URBAN DEVELOPMENT VOC WASTE WATER QUALITY WATER SUPPLY WHO WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Iran - Energy : Environment Review Policy Note |
| title_short |
Iran - Energy : Environment Review Policy Note |
| title_full |
Iran - Energy : Environment Review Policy Note |
| title_fullStr |
Iran - Energy : Environment Review Policy Note |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Iran - Energy : Environment Review Policy Note |
| title_sort |
iran - energy : environment review policy note |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2004-05-21 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/06/5640362/iran-energy-environment-review-policy-note https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14387 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT worldbank iranenergyenvironmentreviewpolicynote |
| _version_ |
1807160204225150976 |
| spelling |
dig-okr-10986143872024-08-08T17:26:53Z Iran - Energy : Environment Review Policy Note World Bank ENERGY SECTOR REFORM ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES POLICY REFORMS SECTORAL PLANNING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK PRICE SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASH FLOW ENERGY USE NATURAL GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS ENERGY SECTOR REFORM ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FUEL OIL FUEL PRICES POLICY REFORMS SECTORAL PLANNING REGULATORY FRAMEWORK PRICE SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT CASH FLOW ENERGY USE NATURAL GAS ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AGED AIR AIR POLLUTION AIR POLLUTION CONTROL AIR QUALITY ALTITUDE BENEFIT ANALYSIS BIOMASS CARBON CARBON MONOXIDE CITIES CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM CLEAN TECHNOLOGY CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CO COMBUSTION COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS COST-BENEFIT ANALYSES CPI CRUDE OIL DECISION MAKING DEFORESTATION DRAINAGE DRAINAGE WATER ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICIES ECONOMIC PROBLEMS EFFECTIVE USE EMISSION REDUCTION EMISSIONS EMISSIONS REDUCTION ENERGY BALANCE ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY POLICY ENERGY SUPPLY ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES EXCHANGE RATE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FUELS GDP GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GREENHOUSE GASES GROUNDWATER HAZARDS HOUSING HUMAN HEALTH HYDROCARBONS INCENTIVE SYSTEMS INCOME INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INFLATION INFORMATION DISSEMINATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL PANEL ON CLIMATE CHANGE INTERVENTION KYOTO PROTOCOL LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LAND DEGRADATION LAWS MARKET PRICES MEDIA MINES NATURAL DISASTERS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCES NUCLEAR ENERGY OIL OIL PRICES OPEC OPPORTUNITY COSTS PETROLEUM PHOTOVOLTAICS POLLUTERS POLLUTION POLLUTION CONTROL POTENTIAL IMPACTS PRESSURE PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAMS PROJECT PREPARATION PUBLIC SECTOR PURCHASING POWER QUALITY OF LIFE RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE RESOURCES RESPIRATORY DISEASES RIVERS SAFETY SAFETY MEASURES SAVINGS SOIL STRUCTURES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE EXPLOITATION SUSTAINABLE GROWTH TAXATION TOOLS TRANSPORT UNEMPLOYMENT UNEP URBAN DEVELOPMENT VOC WASTE WATER QUALITY WATER SUPPLY WHO WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION This Policy Note is based on the Final Report of the Environmental Energy Review (EER), prepared over two years, with the full collaboration of the Government of Iran, and the assistance of international, and national consultants. The EER report comprises: an analysis of the current situation with regards to energy generation, and use; an evaluation of the growth prospects with regard to energy generation, and use; the identification of the environmental issues induced by the generation, and use of energy, and the cost estimates of damages; the evaluation of the extent of contribution to the climate-change phenomenon, through emission of greenhouse gases; the evaluation of the proposed mitigating measures for previously identified environmental problems; conclusions and recommendations; and, a proposal for an action plan. The emphasis of the EER is on air pollution, being the most extreme, visible sign of environmental damage, certainly in the large cities. The major source of air pollution is the energy sector, key to the Iranian economy, and, the main engine of future economic growth, though a principal cause of environmental pollution, and a major source of market distortion. The challenge therefore is to recommend the necessary policy reforms and sectoral measures that will substantially reduce damage costs, in the case that no reform or measures are introduced. In order to better define the options, and their impacts, a total of twelve scenarios were analyzed, characterized by a combination of four price reform scenarios, and three different sets of measures. Major conclusions from this analysis suggest rapid price reform, as a strategy for the environment, through a combination of price reform, plus appropriate sectoral measures. If price reform is delayed past 2009, then the country can improve its financial cash-flow by providing financial incentives to the efficient use of energy, and to the substitution of fuel-oil by natural gas, avoiding subsidies, and instead fund other environmental control measures, where the costs are not easily assigned to the polluter. The policy note also proposes an Action Plan to implement the main sectoral policies described above. 2013-07-08T16:07:54Z 2013-07-08T16:07:54Z 2004-05-21 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/06/5640362/iran-energy-environment-review-policy-note https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14387 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain Washington, DC |