Financial Development, Financial Fragility, and Growth

The authors study the apparent contradiction between two strands of the literature on the effects of financial intermediation on economic activity. On the one hand, the empirical growth literature finds a positive effect of financial depth as measured by, for instance, private domestic credit and liquid liabilities (for example, Levine, Loayza, and Beck 2000). On the other hand, the banking and currency crisis literature finds that monetary aggregates, such as domestic credit, are among the best predictors of crises and their related economic downturns (for example, Kaminski and Reinhart 1999). The authors account for these contrasting effects based on the distinction between the short- and long-run impacts of financial intermediation. Working with a panel of cross-country and time-series observations, they estimate an encompassing model of short- and long-run effects using the Pooled Mean Group estimator developed by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (1999). Their conclusion from this analysis is that a positive long-run relationship between financial intermediation and output growth coexists with a mostly negative short-run relationship. The authors further develop an explanation for these contrasting effects by relating them to recent theoretical models, by linking the estimated short-run effects to measures of financial fragility (namely, banking crises and financial volatility), and by jointly analyzing the effects of financial depth and fragility in classic panel growth regressions.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Loayza, Norman, Rancière, Romain
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, D.C. 2004-10
Subjects:	ACCOUNTS, ADVERSE SELECTION, ANNUAL OBSERVATIONS, ASSET LIQUIDATION, BANK OF ENGLAND, BANK RUNS, BANKING CRISES, BANKING CRISIS, BANKING SUPERVISION, BANKS, BOOMS, CAPITAL MARKETS, CENTRAL BANK, CREDIT POLICY, CROSS-COUNTRY EXPERIENCE, CURRENCY, DIVERSIFICATION, DOMESTIC CREDIT, ECONOMETRICS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC STATISTICS, ECONOMICS, EMPLOYMENT, EQUILIBRIUM, FINANCIAL CRISES, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL DEEPENING, FINANCIAL DEPTH, FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, FINANCIAL ECONOMICS, FINANCIAL FRAGILITY, FINANCIAL INTERMEDIATION, FINANCIAL LIBERALIZATION, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL VOLATILITY, INCOME, INFLATION, INSURANCE, INTEREST RATES, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVESTMENT PROJECTS, LATIN AMERICAN, LENDING RATES, LIQUIDITY, MATURITY, METHODOLOGY, MONETARY AGGREGATES, OUTPUT, PORTFOLIOS, PRODUCTIVITY, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, SAVINGS, SYSTEMIC BANKING CRISES, THEORETICAL MODELS, VULNERABILITY,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/10/5278725/financial-development-financial-fragility-growth https://hdl.handle.net/10986/14233
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