Globalization and the Gender Wage Gap

There are several theoretical reasons why globalization will have a narrowing as well as widening effect on the gender wage gap, but little is known about the actual impact, except for a number of country studies. The author provides a cross-country study of the impact of globalization on the occupational gender wage gap, based on the rarely used but most far-ranging survey of wages around the world, the International Labour Organization's October Inquiry. This annual survey was started in 1924 and contains a wealth of information on wages and the gender wage gap. For the period 1983-99, there is information on the gender wage gap in 161 narrowly defined occupations in more than 80 countries around the world. The author finds the following: (i) The occupational gender wage gap appears to be narrowing with increases in GDP per capita; (ii) There is a significantly narrowing impact of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) net inflows on the occupational gender wage gap for low-skill occupations, both in poorer and richer countries, and for high-skill occupations in richer countries; (iii) There is no evidence of a narrowing impact of trade, but there is evidence of a widening impact of FDI net inflows on the high-skill occupational gender wage gap in poorer countries; (iv) Wage-setting institutions have a strong impact on the occupational gender wage gap in richer countries.

Bibliographic Details

Main Author:	Oostendorp, Remco H.
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper biblioteca
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2004-04
Subjects:	GLOBALIZATION, GLOBAL DIVISION OF LABOR, GENDER, WAGE DIFFERENCES, WAGES, WAGES & SALARIES, LABOR, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR ORGANISATION, DIVISION OF LABOR, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOR, EMPLOYMENT ADJUSTMENT, AGGREGATE TRADE, CAPITAL FLOWS, CAPITAL INFLOWS, CHANGES IN TRADE, CITIES, COMPETITIVE PRESSURES, DEREGULATION, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC POLICY, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, EMPLOYMENT, ENGINEERS, EQUILIBRIUM, EXPORTS, FACTORS OF PRODUCTION, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL, GROSS EARNINGS, GROWTH RATE, HOTELS, HUMAN CAPITAL, IMPACT OF TRADE, IMPORT PENETRATION, INCOME, INCOME GROUPS, INCOME LEVELS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, LEISURE, LIVING STANDARDS, MARKET POWER, MARKET STRUCTURE, MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES, MINIMUM WAGE, MINIMUM WAGES, NET INFLOWS, OCCUPATIONS, OPENNESS, PER CAPITA INCOME, QUALITY ASSESSMENT, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, TIME SERIES, TRADE DATA, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE MORE, TRADE POLICIES, URBAN AREAS, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, WAGE DISCRIMINATION, WAGE GAP, WAGE INEQUALITY, WAGE RATES, WEALTH, WORK EXPERIENCE,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2004/04/3548266/globalization-gender-wage-gap http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13887
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