Effectiveness of Community Health Financing in Meeting the Cost of Illness
How to finance and provide health care for the more than 1.3 billion rural poor and informal sector workers in low- and middle-income countries is one of the greatest challenges facing the international development community. This article presents the main findings from an extensive survey of the literature of community financing arrangements, and selected experiences from the Asia and Africa regions. Most community financing schemes have evolved in the context of severe economic constraints, political instability, and lack of good governance. Micro-level household data analysis indicates that community financing improves access by rural and informal sector workers to needed heath care and provides them with some financial protection against the cost of illness. Macro-level cross-country analysis gives empirical support to the hypothesis that risk-sharing in health financing matters in terms of its impact on both the level and distribution of health, financial fairness and responsiveness indicators. The background research done for this article points to five key policies available to governments to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of existing community financing schemes. This includes: (a) increased and well-targeted subsidies to pay for the premiums of low-income populations; (b) insurance to protect against expenditure fluctuations and re-insurance to enlarge the effective size of small risk pools; (c) effective prevention and case management techniques to limit expenditure fluctuations; (d) technical support to strengthen the management capacity of local schemes; and (e) establishment and strengthening of links with the formal financing and provider networks.
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dig-okr-1098613778 |
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koha |
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Banco Mundial |
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Estados Unidos |
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US |
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Bibliográfico |
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En linea |
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dig-okr |
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biblioteca |
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America del Norte |
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Biblioteca del Banco Mundial |
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English en_US |
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ACCESS TO INFORMATION ADVERSE SELECTION BASIC HEALTH SERVICES BURDEN OF DISEASE CAPITAL FORMATION CARTELS CHILDBIRTH CLIENT HOUSEHOLDS COMMUNITY HEALTH COMMUNITY LEVEL COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMMUNITY POVERTY DATA ANALYSIS DATA SETS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT NETWORK DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ETHNIC GROUPS EXCLUDED GROUPS EXPENDITURES EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTERNAL SHOCKS FAMILIES FINANCIAL FINANCING MECHANISMS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE FINANCING HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH FINANCING HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH NEEDS HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL CARE HOSPITALIZATION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPROVED ACCESS INCOME INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME POPULATIONS INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS INTERNATIONAL LABOUR INTERVENTION ISOLATION LEGISLATION LIFE INSURANCE LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MACROECONOMICS MANAGEMENT CAPACITY NATIONAL LEVEL NUTRITION POLICY OPTIONS POLITICAL INFLUENCE POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION GROUPS POPULATION WORK POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY LINE PRIMARY CARE PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC HEALTH RELIGIOUS GROUPS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS RESOURCES RISK MANAGEMENT RISK SHARING RURAL AREAS RURAL POOR SAFETY SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SERVICE PROVISION SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INCLUSION SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL SERVICES SURGERY TAXATION TECHNICAL SUPPORT WELFARE ECONOMICS WILLINGNESS TO PAY WORKERS ACCESS TO INFORMATION ADVERSE SELECTION BASIC HEALTH SERVICES BURDEN OF DISEASE CAPITAL FORMATION CARTELS CHILDBIRTH CLIENT HOUSEHOLDS COMMUNITY HEALTH COMMUNITY LEVEL COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMMUNITY POVERTY DATA ANALYSIS DATA SETS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT NETWORK DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ETHNIC GROUPS EXCLUDED GROUPS EXPENDITURES EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTERNAL SHOCKS FAMILIES FINANCIAL FINANCING MECHANISMS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE FINANCING HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH FINANCING HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH NEEDS HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL CARE HOSPITALIZATION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPROVED ACCESS INCOME INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME POPULATIONS INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS INTERNATIONAL LABOUR INTERVENTION ISOLATION LEGISLATION LIFE INSURANCE LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MACROECONOMICS MANAGEMENT CAPACITY NATIONAL LEVEL NUTRITION POLICY OPTIONS POLITICAL INFLUENCE POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION GROUPS POPULATION WORK POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY LINE PRIMARY CARE PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC HEALTH RELIGIOUS GROUPS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS RESOURCES RISK MANAGEMENT RISK SHARING RURAL AREAS RURAL POOR SAFETY SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SERVICE PROVISION SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INCLUSION SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL SERVICES SURGERY TAXATION TECHNICAL SUPPORT WELFARE ECONOMICS WILLINGNESS TO PAY WORKERS |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO INFORMATION ADVERSE SELECTION BASIC HEALTH SERVICES BURDEN OF DISEASE CAPITAL FORMATION CARTELS CHILDBIRTH CLIENT HOUSEHOLDS COMMUNITY HEALTH COMMUNITY LEVEL COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMMUNITY POVERTY DATA ANALYSIS DATA SETS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT NETWORK DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ETHNIC GROUPS EXCLUDED GROUPS EXPENDITURES EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTERNAL SHOCKS FAMILIES FINANCIAL FINANCING MECHANISMS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE FINANCING HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH FINANCING HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH NEEDS HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL CARE HOSPITALIZATION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPROVED ACCESS INCOME INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME POPULATIONS INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS INTERNATIONAL LABOUR INTERVENTION ISOLATION LEGISLATION LIFE INSURANCE LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MACROECONOMICS MANAGEMENT CAPACITY NATIONAL LEVEL NUTRITION POLICY OPTIONS POLITICAL INFLUENCE POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION GROUPS POPULATION WORK POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY LINE PRIMARY CARE PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC HEALTH RELIGIOUS GROUPS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS RESOURCES RISK MANAGEMENT RISK SHARING RURAL AREAS RURAL POOR SAFETY SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SERVICE PROVISION SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INCLUSION SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL SERVICES SURGERY TAXATION TECHNICAL SUPPORT WELFARE ECONOMICS WILLINGNESS TO PAY WORKERS ACCESS TO INFORMATION ADVERSE SELECTION BASIC HEALTH SERVICES BURDEN OF DISEASE CAPITAL FORMATION CARTELS CHILDBIRTH CLIENT HOUSEHOLDS COMMUNITY HEALTH COMMUNITY LEVEL COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMMUNITY POVERTY DATA ANALYSIS DATA SETS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT NETWORK DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ETHNIC GROUPS EXCLUDED GROUPS EXPENDITURES EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTERNAL SHOCKS FAMILIES FINANCIAL FINANCING MECHANISMS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE FINANCING HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH FINANCING HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH NEEDS HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL CARE HOSPITALIZATION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPROVED ACCESS INCOME INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME POPULATIONS INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS INTERNATIONAL LABOUR INTERVENTION ISOLATION LEGISLATION LIFE INSURANCE LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MACROECONOMICS MANAGEMENT CAPACITY NATIONAL LEVEL NUTRITION POLICY OPTIONS POLITICAL INFLUENCE POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION GROUPS POPULATION WORK POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY LINE PRIMARY CARE PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC HEALTH RELIGIOUS GROUPS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS RESOURCES RISK MANAGEMENT RISK SHARING RURAL AREAS RURAL POOR SAFETY SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SERVICE PROVISION SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INCLUSION SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL SERVICES SURGERY TAXATION TECHNICAL SUPPORT WELFARE ECONOMICS WILLINGNESS TO PAY WORKERS Preker, Alexander S. Carrin, Guy Dror, David Jakab, Melitta Hsiao, William Arhin-Tenkorang, Dyna Effectiveness of Community Health Financing in Meeting the Cost of Illness |
| description |
How to finance and provide health care
for the more than 1.3 billion rural poor and informal sector
workers in low- and middle-income countries is one of the
greatest challenges facing the international development
community. This article presents the main findings from an
extensive survey of the literature of community financing
arrangements, and selected experiences from the Asia and
Africa regions. Most community financing schemes have
evolved in the context of severe economic constraints,
political instability, and lack of good governance.
Micro-level household data analysis indicates that community
financing improves access by rural and informal sector
workers to needed heath care and provides them with some
financial protection against the cost of illness.
Macro-level cross-country analysis gives empirical support
to the hypothesis that risk-sharing in health financing
matters in terms of its impact on both the level and
distribution of health, financial fairness and
responsiveness indicators. The background research done for
this article points to five key policies available to
governments to improve the effectiveness and sustainability
of existing community financing schemes. This includes: (a)
increased and well-targeted subsidies to pay for the
premiums of low-income populations; (b) insurance to protect
against expenditure fluctuations and re-insurance to enlarge
the effective size of small risk pools; (c) effective
prevention and case management techniques to limit
expenditure fluctuations; (d) technical support to
strengthen the management capacity of local schemes; and (e)
establishment and strengthening of links with the formal
financing and provider networks. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Working Paper |
| topic_facet |
ACCESS TO INFORMATION ADVERSE SELECTION BASIC HEALTH SERVICES BURDEN OF DISEASE CAPITAL FORMATION CARTELS CHILDBIRTH CLIENT HOUSEHOLDS COMMUNITY HEALTH COMMUNITY LEVEL COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMMUNITY POVERTY DATA ANALYSIS DATA SETS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT NETWORK DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ETHNIC GROUPS EXCLUDED GROUPS EXPENDITURES EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTERNAL SHOCKS FAMILIES FINANCIAL FINANCING MECHANISMS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE FINANCING HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH FINANCING HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH NEEDS HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL CARE HOSPITALIZATION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPROVED ACCESS INCOME INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME POPULATIONS INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS INTERNATIONAL LABOUR INTERVENTION ISOLATION LEGISLATION LIFE INSURANCE LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MACROECONOMICS MANAGEMENT CAPACITY NATIONAL LEVEL NUTRITION POLICY OPTIONS POLITICAL INFLUENCE POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION GROUPS POPULATION WORK POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY LINE PRIMARY CARE PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC HEALTH RELIGIOUS GROUPS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS RESOURCES RISK MANAGEMENT RISK SHARING RURAL AREAS RURAL POOR SAFETY SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SERVICE PROVISION SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INCLUSION SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL SERVICES SURGERY TAXATION TECHNICAL SUPPORT WELFARE ECONOMICS WILLINGNESS TO PAY WORKERS |
| author |
Preker, Alexander S. Carrin, Guy Dror, David Jakab, Melitta Hsiao, William Arhin-Tenkorang, Dyna |
| author_facet |
Preker, Alexander S. Carrin, Guy Dror, David Jakab, Melitta Hsiao, William Arhin-Tenkorang, Dyna |
| author_sort |
Preker, Alexander S. |
| title |
Effectiveness of Community Health Financing in Meeting the Cost of Illness |
| title_short |
Effectiveness of Community Health Financing in Meeting the Cost of Illness |
| title_full |
Effectiveness of Community Health Financing in Meeting the Cost of Illness |
| title_fullStr |
Effectiveness of Community Health Financing in Meeting the Cost of Illness |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Effectiveness of Community Health Financing in Meeting the Cost of Illness |
| title_sort |
effectiveness of community health financing in meeting the cost of illness |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2002-02 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/02/3583974/effectiveness-community-health-financing-meeting-cost-illness http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13778 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT prekeralexanders effectivenessofcommunityhealthfinancinginmeetingthecostofillness AT carringuy effectivenessofcommunityhealthfinancinginmeetingthecostofillness AT drordavid effectivenessofcommunityhealthfinancinginmeetingthecostofillness AT jakabmelitta effectivenessofcommunityhealthfinancinginmeetingthecostofillness AT hsiaowilliam effectivenessofcommunityhealthfinancinginmeetingthecostofillness AT arhintenkorangdyna effectivenessofcommunityhealthfinancinginmeetingthecostofillness |
| _version_ |
1756572780388679680 |
| spelling |
dig-okr-10986137782021-04-23T14:03:09Z Effectiveness of Community Health Financing in Meeting the Cost of Illness Preker, Alexander S. Carrin, Guy Dror, David Jakab, Melitta Hsiao, William Arhin-Tenkorang, Dyna ACCESS TO INFORMATION ADVERSE SELECTION BASIC HEALTH SERVICES BURDEN OF DISEASE CAPITAL FORMATION CARTELS CHILDBIRTH CLIENT HOUSEHOLDS COMMUNITY HEALTH COMMUNITY LEVEL COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMMUNITY POVERTY DATA ANALYSIS DATA SETS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT NETWORK DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPLOYMENT ETHNIC GROUPS EXCLUDED GROUPS EXPENDITURES EXTENDED FAMILIES EXTERNAL SHOCKS FAMILIES FINANCIAL FINANCING MECHANISMS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE FINANCING HEALTH CARE SERVICES HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH FINANCING HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH NEEDS HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HOSPITAL CARE HOSPITALIZATION HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMPROVED ACCESS INCOME INCOME HOUSEHOLDS INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVELS INCOME POPULATIONS INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL SECTORS INSURANCE INSURANCE MARKETS INTERNATIONAL LABOUR INTERVENTION ISOLATION LEGISLATION LIFE INSURANCE LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MACROECONOMICS MANAGEMENT CAPACITY NATIONAL LEVEL NUTRITION POLICY OPTIONS POLITICAL INFLUENCE POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POPULATION GROUPS POPULATION WORK POVERTY ALLEVIATION POVERTY LINE PRIMARY CARE PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTIVITY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC HEALTH RELIGIOUS GROUPS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS RESOURCES RISK MANAGEMENT RISK SHARING RURAL AREAS RURAL POOR SAFETY SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SERVICE PROVISION SOCIAL CAPITAL SOCIAL EXCLUSION SOCIAL INCLUSION SOCIAL INSURANCE SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL SERVICES SURGERY TAXATION TECHNICAL SUPPORT WELFARE ECONOMICS WILLINGNESS TO PAY WORKERS How to finance and provide health care for the more than 1.3 billion rural poor and informal sector workers in low- and middle-income countries is one of the greatest challenges facing the international development community. This article presents the main findings from an extensive survey of the literature of community financing arrangements, and selected experiences from the Asia and Africa regions. Most community financing schemes have evolved in the context of severe economic constraints, political instability, and lack of good governance. Micro-level household data analysis indicates that community financing improves access by rural and informal sector workers to needed heath care and provides them with some financial protection against the cost of illness. Macro-level cross-country analysis gives empirical support to the hypothesis that risk-sharing in health financing matters in terms of its impact on both the level and distribution of health, financial fairness and responsiveness indicators. The background research done for this article points to five key policies available to governments to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of existing community financing schemes. This includes: (a) increased and well-targeted subsidies to pay for the premiums of low-income populations; (b) insurance to protect against expenditure fluctuations and re-insurance to enlarge the effective size of small risk pools; (c) effective prevention and case management techniques to limit expenditure fluctuations; (d) technical support to strengthen the management capacity of local schemes; and (e) establishment and strengthening of links with the formal financing and provider networks. 2013-06-05T15:45:54Z 2013-06-05T15:45:54Z 2002-02 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/02/3583974/effectiveness-community-health-financing-meeting-cost-illness 1-932126-38-4 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/13778 English en_US HNP discussion paper series; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research |