Gender Equality and Economic Growth in Brazil : A Long-run Analysis

This paper studies the long-run impact of policies aimed at fostering gender equality on economic growth in Brazil. The first part provides a brief review of gender issues in the country. The second part presents a gender-based, three-period OLG model that accounts for women's time allocation between market work, child rearing, human capital accumulation, and home production. Bargaining between spouses depends on relative human capital stocks, and thus indirectly on access to infrastructure. The model is calibrated and various experiments are conducted, including investment in infrastructure, conditional cash transfers, a reduction in gender bias in the market place, and a composite pro-growth, pro-gender reform program. The analysis showed that fostering gender equality, which may partly depend on the externalities that infrastructure creates in terms of women's time allocation and bargaining power, may have a substantial impact on long-run growth in Brazil.

Bibliographic Details

Main Authors:	Agénor, Pierre-Richard, Canuto, Otaviano
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2013-01
Subjects:	ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ADOLESCENT FERTILITY, ADULT POPULATION, ADVERSE EFFECT, AGED, BARGAINING, BARGAINING POWER, BASIC HEALTH CARE, BENCHMARK, BENCHMARKS, BONDS, BUDGET CONSTRAINTS, CHILD CARE, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD LABOR, CHILD REARING, CLINICS, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPENSATING WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, COMPETITIVE EQUILIBRIUM, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE, DEATH RATE, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISCOUNT RATE, DISCRIMINATION, DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES, DRIVERS, DROPOUT, EARLY RETIREMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC SURVEYS, ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION, EDUCATED MOTHERS, ELASTICITY, EMPOWERMENT, EQUILIBRIUM, EXTERNALITIES, EXTREME POVERTY, FAMILIES, FAMILY CONSUMPTION, FAMILY INCOME, FAMILY PREFERENCE, FAMILY PREFERENCES, FAMILY RESOURCES, FAMILY ¯ PREFERENCE, FEMALE, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMALES, FERTILITY RATE, FISCAL POLICY, GDP, GENDER AWARENESS, GENDER BIAS, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER DISCRIMINATION, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER GAP, GENDER GAPS, GENDER INEQUALITIES, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER ISSUES, GENDER SENSITIVITY, GROWTH POLICY, GROWTH RATE, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH SERVICES, HOME, HOUSEHOLD ASSETS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUSBANDS, ILLITERACY, IMPACT OF POLICIES, IMPACT ON HEALTH, INCOME INEQUALITY, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INTERNATIONAL POLICY, ISOLATION, JOB TRAINING, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR SUPPLY, LABOUR, LABOUR MARKET, LAM, LAWS, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LITERACY RATES, MACROECONOMICS, MALE PARTICIPATION, MARGINAL PRODUCT, MARKET WAGE, MARKET WAGES, MARRIED COUPLES, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO, MEDICAL FACILITIES, MINIMUM WAGE, MORTALITY, MOTHER, MOTHER TO CHILD, NATIONAL PLAN, NUMBER OF ADULTS, NUMBER OF BIRTHS, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUMBER OF CHILDREN PER FAMILY, NUMBER OF PEOPLE, NUTRITION, OLD AGE, PARLIAMENTARY SEATS, POLICIES ON GENDER, POLICY ANALYSIS, POLICY BRIEF, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POOR FAMILIES, POPULATION SIZE, PREGNANCY, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, PRODUCTIVITY, PROFIT MAXIMIZATION, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SERVICES, RATE OF GROWTH, REAL GDP, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, RESPECT, RETIREMENT, ROLE OF GENDER, SAVINGS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SELF EMPLOYED, SEX, SKILL LEVEL, SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SPOUSES, TAX REVENUES, TAXATION, TERTIARY EDUCATION, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, UTILITY FUNCTION, UTILITY FUNCTIONS, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, WAGES, WIFE, WILL, WIVES, WOMAN, WORK FORCE, WORKERS, WORKFORCE, WORKPLACE, YOUNG CHILDREN,
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/17498161/gender-equality-economic-growth-brazil-long-run-analysis https://hdl.handle.net/10986/13174
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