Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Project : Executive Summary
The Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Study evaluates the effects of improved fuel specifications on refiningoperations and air quality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The improved fuel specifications would reduce the levels of certain pollutants in fuels, in turn reducing human exposure to these pollutants in ambient air. The health study estimates the health impacts and associated monetary benefits associated with the proposed improvements in fuel quality. The estimated monetary benefits will be compared to the costs to the refining industry associated with a change in fuel specifications, by region, as presented in Volume II,the Refinery Study
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dig-okr-10986129012024-08-08T15:01:40Z Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Project : Executive Summary World Bank AIR AIR CONCENTRATIONS AIR EMISSIONS AIR POLLUTANT AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY MODELING AIR QUALITY RESULTING ALKYLATION UNITS AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR CONCENTRATIONS AMBIENT AIR QUALITY APPROACH AROMATICS ASTHMA ATTACKS AVAILABILITY BENEFIT ESTIMATES BENZENE BENZENE CONTENT BENZENE EMISSIONS BENZENE EXPOSURE BUSES CAPITAL COSTS CARS CATALYTIC CONVERTERS CETANE INDEX CHRONIC BRONCHITIS CLEAN AIR CLEAN AIR INITIATIVE CLEAN FUEL CLEAN FUELS CLEAN TRANSPORTATION CLEANER FUELS CLIMATE COMMERCIAL TRUCKS CONCENTRATIONS COST-BENEFIT COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS CRUDE DISTILLATION CRUDE OIL DEMAND FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS DESULFURIZATION CAPACITY DIESEL DIESEL SULFUR DIESEL VEHICLES DISCOUNT RATE DOMESTIC EMISSIONS DOMESTIC SOURCES DRIVERS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ECONOMIC SECTORS ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY EMISSION EMISSION DATA EMISSION FACTORS EMISSION RATES EMISSIONS DATA EMISSIONS INVENTORIES EMISSIONS RESULTS ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION ENGINES ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ETHANOL FEEDSTOCKS FREE MARKET FUEL FUEL IMPROVEMENTS FUEL PRICES FUEL PRODUCTS FUEL QUALITY FUEL SPECIFICATIONS FUEL STANDARDS FUEL SULFUR FUEL SUPPLY FUEL USE FUELS GAS GASOLINE GLOBAL RECESSION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HEALTH EFFECTS HIGHWAY HYDROCRACKING HYDROGEN HYDROGEN PLANT IMPORTS IMPORTS OF ETHANOL INCOME INFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITY INJURIES INJURY INSPECTION INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INVESTMENT DECISIONS LIFE EXPECTANCY LOWER DEMAND LUBRICITY MARKET CLEARING PRICE MEDICAL TREATMENT METEOROLOGY MONETARY BENEFIT MONETARY BENEFITS MONETARY VALUATION MONETARY VALUE MONETARY VALUES MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RISK MOTOR VEHICLES MOTORCYCLE EMISSIONS MOTORCYCLE TRAVEL MOTORCYCLE USE MOTORCYCLES NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE OIL OIL PRODUCERS OILS PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PER CAPITA INCOME PERSONAL VEHICLES PETROLEUM PETROLEUM DEMAND PETROLEUM INDUSTRY PETROLEUM PRODUCT SUPPLY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTANT EMISSIONS POLLUTANT REDUCTIONS POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLLUTION CONTROL POLLUTION LEVELS POPULATION DENSITY POWER PRESENT VALUE PUBLIC HEALTH QUALITY OF TRANSPORTATION QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS REFINERY REFINERY CAPACITY REFINERY CLOSURES REFINERY FUEL REFINERY OPERATIONS ROAD ROADS SCENARIOS STATIONARY SOURCES SULFUR SULFUR CONTENT SULFUR DIOXIDE SULPHUR SUPPLY COSTS TOTAL CONSUMPTION TOTAL DEMAND TOTAL EMISSIONS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRANSPORT FUELS TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION FUEL TRANSPORTATION FUELS TYPES OF VEHICLES UNCERTAINTIES URBAN AIR QUALITY URBAN AREAS URBAN TRANSPORT VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSION VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE FLEET VEHICLE FLEETS VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE TYPES VEHICLE USE VEHICLES WEALTH The Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Study evaluates the effects of improved fuel specifications on refiningoperations and air quality in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The improved fuel specifications would reduce the levels of certain pollutants in fuels, in turn reducing human exposure to these pollutants in ambient air. The health study estimates the health impacts and associated monetary benefits associated with the proposed improvements in fuel quality. The estimated monetary benefits will be compared to the costs to the refining industry associated with a change in fuel specifications, by region, as presented in Volume II,the Refinery Study 2013-03-25T16:58:38Z 2013-03-25T16:58:38Z 2009-09 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2009/09/16453103/final-report-sub-saharan-africa-refinery-project-health-study-volume-i-abr-vol-3-3 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12901 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank application/pdf text/plain Washington, DC |
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| language |
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| topic |
AIR AIR CONCENTRATIONS AIR EMISSIONS AIR POLLUTANT AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY MODELING AIR QUALITY RESULTING ALKYLATION UNITS AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR CONCENTRATIONS AMBIENT AIR QUALITY APPROACH AROMATICS ASTHMA ATTACKS AVAILABILITY BENEFIT ESTIMATES BENZENE BENZENE CONTENT BENZENE EMISSIONS BENZENE EXPOSURE BUSES CAPITAL COSTS CARS CATALYTIC CONVERTERS CETANE INDEX CHRONIC BRONCHITIS CLEAN AIR CLEAN AIR INITIATIVE CLEAN FUEL CLEAN FUELS CLEAN TRANSPORTATION CLEANER FUELS CLIMATE COMMERCIAL TRUCKS CONCENTRATIONS COST-BENEFIT COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS CRUDE DISTILLATION CRUDE OIL DEMAND FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS DESULFURIZATION CAPACITY DIESEL DIESEL SULFUR DIESEL VEHICLES DISCOUNT RATE DOMESTIC EMISSIONS DOMESTIC SOURCES DRIVERS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ECONOMIC SECTORS ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY EMISSION EMISSION DATA EMISSION FACTORS EMISSION RATES EMISSIONS DATA EMISSIONS INVENTORIES EMISSIONS RESULTS ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION ENGINES ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ETHANOL FEEDSTOCKS FREE MARKET FUEL FUEL IMPROVEMENTS FUEL PRICES FUEL PRODUCTS FUEL QUALITY FUEL SPECIFICATIONS FUEL STANDARDS FUEL SULFUR FUEL SUPPLY FUEL USE FUELS GAS GASOLINE GLOBAL RECESSION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HEALTH EFFECTS HIGHWAY HYDROCRACKING HYDROGEN HYDROGEN PLANT IMPORTS IMPORTS OF ETHANOL INCOME INFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITY INJURIES INJURY INSPECTION INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INVESTMENT DECISIONS LIFE EXPECTANCY LOWER DEMAND LUBRICITY MARKET CLEARING PRICE MEDICAL TREATMENT METEOROLOGY MONETARY BENEFIT MONETARY BENEFITS MONETARY VALUATION MONETARY VALUE MONETARY VALUES MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RISK MOTOR VEHICLES MOTORCYCLE EMISSIONS MOTORCYCLE TRAVEL MOTORCYCLE USE MOTORCYCLES NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE OIL OIL PRODUCERS OILS PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PER CAPITA INCOME PERSONAL VEHICLES PETROLEUM PETROLEUM DEMAND PETROLEUM INDUSTRY PETROLEUM PRODUCT SUPPLY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTANT EMISSIONS POLLUTANT REDUCTIONS POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLLUTION CONTROL POLLUTION LEVELS POPULATION DENSITY POWER PRESENT VALUE PUBLIC HEALTH QUALITY OF TRANSPORTATION QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS REFINERY REFINERY CAPACITY REFINERY CLOSURES REFINERY FUEL REFINERY OPERATIONS ROAD ROADS SCENARIOS STATIONARY SOURCES SULFUR SULFUR CONTENT SULFUR DIOXIDE SULPHUR SUPPLY COSTS TOTAL CONSUMPTION TOTAL DEMAND TOTAL EMISSIONS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRANSPORT FUELS TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION FUEL TRANSPORTATION FUELS TYPES OF VEHICLES UNCERTAINTIES URBAN AIR QUALITY URBAN AREAS URBAN TRANSPORT VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSION VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE FLEET VEHICLE FLEETS VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE TYPES VEHICLE USE VEHICLES WEALTH AIR AIR CONCENTRATIONS AIR EMISSIONS AIR POLLUTANT AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY MODELING AIR QUALITY RESULTING ALKYLATION UNITS AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR CONCENTRATIONS AMBIENT AIR QUALITY APPROACH AROMATICS ASTHMA ATTACKS AVAILABILITY BENEFIT ESTIMATES BENZENE BENZENE CONTENT BENZENE EMISSIONS BENZENE EXPOSURE BUSES CAPITAL COSTS CARS CATALYTIC CONVERTERS CETANE INDEX CHRONIC BRONCHITIS CLEAN AIR CLEAN AIR INITIATIVE CLEAN FUEL CLEAN FUELS CLEAN TRANSPORTATION CLEANER FUELS CLIMATE COMMERCIAL TRUCKS CONCENTRATIONS COST-BENEFIT COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS CRUDE DISTILLATION CRUDE OIL DEMAND FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS DESULFURIZATION CAPACITY DIESEL DIESEL SULFUR DIESEL VEHICLES DISCOUNT RATE DOMESTIC EMISSIONS DOMESTIC SOURCES DRIVERS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ECONOMIC SECTORS ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY EMISSION EMISSION DATA EMISSION FACTORS EMISSION RATES EMISSIONS DATA EMISSIONS INVENTORIES EMISSIONS RESULTS ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION ENGINES ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ETHANOL FEEDSTOCKS FREE MARKET FUEL FUEL IMPROVEMENTS FUEL PRICES FUEL PRODUCTS FUEL QUALITY FUEL SPECIFICATIONS FUEL STANDARDS FUEL SULFUR FUEL SUPPLY FUEL USE FUELS GAS GASOLINE GLOBAL RECESSION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HEALTH EFFECTS HIGHWAY HYDROCRACKING HYDROGEN HYDROGEN PLANT IMPORTS IMPORTS OF ETHANOL INCOME INFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITY INJURIES INJURY INSPECTION INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INVESTMENT DECISIONS LIFE EXPECTANCY LOWER DEMAND LUBRICITY MARKET CLEARING PRICE MEDICAL TREATMENT METEOROLOGY MONETARY BENEFIT MONETARY BENEFITS MONETARY VALUATION MONETARY VALUE MONETARY VALUES MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RISK MOTOR VEHICLES MOTORCYCLE EMISSIONS MOTORCYCLE TRAVEL MOTORCYCLE USE MOTORCYCLES NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE OIL OIL PRODUCERS OILS PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PER CAPITA INCOME PERSONAL VEHICLES PETROLEUM PETROLEUM DEMAND PETROLEUM INDUSTRY PETROLEUM PRODUCT SUPPLY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTANT EMISSIONS POLLUTANT REDUCTIONS POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLLUTION CONTROL POLLUTION LEVELS POPULATION DENSITY POWER PRESENT VALUE PUBLIC HEALTH QUALITY OF TRANSPORTATION QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS REFINERY REFINERY CAPACITY REFINERY CLOSURES REFINERY FUEL REFINERY OPERATIONS ROAD ROADS SCENARIOS STATIONARY SOURCES SULFUR SULFUR CONTENT SULFUR DIOXIDE SULPHUR SUPPLY COSTS TOTAL CONSUMPTION TOTAL DEMAND TOTAL EMISSIONS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRANSPORT FUELS TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION FUEL TRANSPORTATION FUELS TYPES OF VEHICLES UNCERTAINTIES URBAN AIR QUALITY URBAN AREAS URBAN TRANSPORT VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSION VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE FLEET VEHICLE FLEETS VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE TYPES VEHICLE USE VEHICLES WEALTH |
| spellingShingle |
AIR AIR CONCENTRATIONS AIR EMISSIONS AIR POLLUTANT AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY MODELING AIR QUALITY RESULTING ALKYLATION UNITS AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR CONCENTRATIONS AMBIENT AIR QUALITY APPROACH AROMATICS ASTHMA ATTACKS AVAILABILITY BENEFIT ESTIMATES BENZENE BENZENE CONTENT BENZENE EMISSIONS BENZENE EXPOSURE BUSES CAPITAL COSTS CARS CATALYTIC CONVERTERS CETANE INDEX CHRONIC BRONCHITIS CLEAN AIR CLEAN AIR INITIATIVE CLEAN FUEL CLEAN FUELS CLEAN TRANSPORTATION CLEANER FUELS CLIMATE COMMERCIAL TRUCKS CONCENTRATIONS COST-BENEFIT COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS CRUDE DISTILLATION CRUDE OIL DEMAND FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS DESULFURIZATION CAPACITY DIESEL DIESEL SULFUR DIESEL VEHICLES DISCOUNT RATE DOMESTIC EMISSIONS DOMESTIC SOURCES DRIVERS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ECONOMIC SECTORS ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY EMISSION EMISSION DATA EMISSION FACTORS EMISSION RATES EMISSIONS DATA EMISSIONS INVENTORIES EMISSIONS RESULTS ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION ENGINES ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ETHANOL FEEDSTOCKS FREE MARKET FUEL FUEL IMPROVEMENTS FUEL PRICES FUEL PRODUCTS FUEL QUALITY FUEL SPECIFICATIONS FUEL STANDARDS FUEL SULFUR FUEL SUPPLY FUEL USE FUELS GAS GASOLINE GLOBAL RECESSION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HEALTH EFFECTS HIGHWAY HYDROCRACKING HYDROGEN HYDROGEN PLANT IMPORTS IMPORTS OF ETHANOL INCOME INFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITY INJURIES INJURY INSPECTION INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INVESTMENT DECISIONS LIFE EXPECTANCY LOWER DEMAND LUBRICITY MARKET CLEARING PRICE MEDICAL TREATMENT METEOROLOGY MONETARY BENEFIT MONETARY BENEFITS MONETARY VALUATION MONETARY VALUE MONETARY VALUES MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RISK MOTOR VEHICLES MOTORCYCLE EMISSIONS MOTORCYCLE TRAVEL MOTORCYCLE USE MOTORCYCLES NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE OIL OIL PRODUCERS OILS PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PER CAPITA INCOME PERSONAL VEHICLES PETROLEUM PETROLEUM DEMAND PETROLEUM INDUSTRY PETROLEUM PRODUCT SUPPLY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTANT EMISSIONS POLLUTANT REDUCTIONS POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLLUTION CONTROL POLLUTION LEVELS POPULATION DENSITY POWER PRESENT VALUE PUBLIC HEALTH QUALITY OF TRANSPORTATION QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS REFINERY REFINERY CAPACITY REFINERY CLOSURES REFINERY FUEL REFINERY OPERATIONS ROAD ROADS SCENARIOS STATIONARY SOURCES SULFUR SULFUR CONTENT SULFUR DIOXIDE SULPHUR SUPPLY COSTS TOTAL CONSUMPTION TOTAL DEMAND TOTAL EMISSIONS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRANSPORT FUELS TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION FUEL TRANSPORTATION FUELS TYPES OF VEHICLES UNCERTAINTIES URBAN AIR QUALITY URBAN AREAS URBAN TRANSPORT VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSION VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE FLEET VEHICLE FLEETS VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE TYPES VEHICLE USE VEHICLES WEALTH AIR AIR CONCENTRATIONS AIR EMISSIONS AIR POLLUTANT AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY MODELING AIR QUALITY RESULTING ALKYLATION UNITS AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR CONCENTRATIONS AMBIENT AIR QUALITY APPROACH AROMATICS ASTHMA ATTACKS AVAILABILITY BENEFIT ESTIMATES BENZENE BENZENE CONTENT BENZENE EMISSIONS BENZENE EXPOSURE BUSES CAPITAL COSTS CARS CATALYTIC CONVERTERS CETANE INDEX CHRONIC BRONCHITIS CLEAN AIR CLEAN AIR INITIATIVE CLEAN FUEL CLEAN FUELS CLEAN TRANSPORTATION CLEANER FUELS CLIMATE COMMERCIAL TRUCKS CONCENTRATIONS COST-BENEFIT COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS CRUDE DISTILLATION CRUDE OIL DEMAND FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS DESULFURIZATION CAPACITY DIESEL DIESEL SULFUR DIESEL VEHICLES DISCOUNT RATE DOMESTIC EMISSIONS DOMESTIC SOURCES DRIVERS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ECONOMIC SECTORS ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY EMISSION EMISSION DATA EMISSION FACTORS EMISSION RATES EMISSIONS DATA EMISSIONS INVENTORIES EMISSIONS RESULTS ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION ENGINES ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ETHANOL FEEDSTOCKS FREE MARKET FUEL FUEL IMPROVEMENTS FUEL PRICES FUEL PRODUCTS FUEL QUALITY FUEL SPECIFICATIONS FUEL STANDARDS FUEL SULFUR FUEL SUPPLY FUEL USE FUELS GAS GASOLINE GLOBAL RECESSION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HEALTH EFFECTS HIGHWAY HYDROCRACKING HYDROGEN HYDROGEN PLANT IMPORTS IMPORTS OF ETHANOL INCOME INFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITY INJURIES INJURY INSPECTION INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INVESTMENT DECISIONS LIFE EXPECTANCY LOWER DEMAND LUBRICITY MARKET CLEARING PRICE MEDICAL TREATMENT METEOROLOGY MONETARY BENEFIT MONETARY BENEFITS MONETARY VALUATION MONETARY VALUE MONETARY VALUES MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RISK MOTOR VEHICLES MOTORCYCLE EMISSIONS MOTORCYCLE TRAVEL MOTORCYCLE USE MOTORCYCLES NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE OIL OIL PRODUCERS OILS PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PER CAPITA INCOME PERSONAL VEHICLES PETROLEUM PETROLEUM DEMAND PETROLEUM INDUSTRY PETROLEUM PRODUCT SUPPLY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTANT EMISSIONS POLLUTANT REDUCTIONS POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLLUTION CONTROL POLLUTION LEVELS POPULATION DENSITY POWER PRESENT VALUE PUBLIC HEALTH QUALITY OF TRANSPORTATION QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS REFINERY REFINERY CAPACITY REFINERY CLOSURES REFINERY FUEL REFINERY OPERATIONS ROAD ROADS SCENARIOS STATIONARY SOURCES SULFUR SULFUR CONTENT SULFUR DIOXIDE SULPHUR SUPPLY COSTS TOTAL CONSUMPTION TOTAL DEMAND TOTAL EMISSIONS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRANSPORT FUELS TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION FUEL TRANSPORTATION FUELS TYPES OF VEHICLES UNCERTAINTIES URBAN AIR QUALITY URBAN AREAS URBAN TRANSPORT VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSION VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE FLEET VEHICLE FLEETS VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE TYPES VEHICLE USE VEHICLES WEALTH World Bank Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Project : Executive Summary |
| description |
The Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Study
evaluates the effects of improved fuel specifications on
refiningoperations and air quality in Sub-Saharan Africa
(SSA). The improved fuel specifications would reduce the
levels of certain pollutants in fuels, in turn reducing
human exposure to these pollutants in ambient air. The
health study estimates the health impacts and associated
monetary benefits associated with the proposed improvements
in fuel quality. The estimated monetary benefits will be
compared to the costs to the refining industry associated
with a change in fuel specifications, by region, as
presented in Volume II,the Refinery Study |
| topic_facet |
AIR AIR CONCENTRATIONS AIR EMISSIONS AIR POLLUTANT AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY MODELING AIR QUALITY RESULTING ALKYLATION UNITS AMBIENT AIR AMBIENT AIR CONCENTRATIONS AMBIENT AIR QUALITY APPROACH AROMATICS ASTHMA ATTACKS AVAILABILITY BENEFIT ESTIMATES BENZENE BENZENE CONTENT BENZENE EMISSIONS BENZENE EXPOSURE BUSES CAPITAL COSTS CARS CATALYTIC CONVERTERS CETANE INDEX CHRONIC BRONCHITIS CLEAN AIR CLEAN AIR INITIATIVE CLEAN FUEL CLEAN FUELS CLEAN TRANSPORTATION CLEANER FUELS CLIMATE COMMERCIAL TRUCKS CONCENTRATIONS COST-BENEFIT COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS CRUDE DISTILLATION CRUDE OIL DEMAND FOR PETROLEUM PRODUCTS DESULFURIZATION CAPACITY DIESEL DIESEL SULFUR DIESEL VEHICLES DISCOUNT RATE DOMESTIC EMISSIONS DOMESTIC SOURCES DRIVERS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC PROBLEMS ECONOMIC SECTORS ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY EMISSION EMISSION DATA EMISSION FACTORS EMISSION RATES EMISSIONS DATA EMISSIONS INVENTORIES EMISSIONS RESULTS ENERGY DEMAND ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION ENGINES ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ETHANOL FEEDSTOCKS FREE MARKET FUEL FUEL IMPROVEMENTS FUEL PRICES FUEL PRODUCTS FUEL QUALITY FUEL SPECIFICATIONS FUEL STANDARDS FUEL SULFUR FUEL SUPPLY FUEL USE FUELS GAS GASOLINE GLOBAL RECESSION GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS NATIONAL INCOME HEALTH EFFECTS HIGHWAY HYDROCRACKING HYDROGEN HYDROGEN PLANT IMPORTS IMPORTS OF ETHANOL INCOME INFRASTRUCTURE CAPACITY INJURIES INJURY INSPECTION INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS INVESTMENT DECISIONS LIFE EXPECTANCY LOWER DEMAND LUBRICITY MARKET CLEARING PRICE MEDICAL TREATMENT METEOROLOGY MONETARY BENEFIT MONETARY BENEFITS MONETARY VALUATION MONETARY VALUE MONETARY VALUES MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RISK MOTOR VEHICLES MOTORCYCLE EMISSIONS MOTORCYCLE TRAVEL MOTORCYCLE USE MOTORCYCLES NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE OIL OIL PRODUCERS OILS PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PER CAPITA INCOME PERSONAL VEHICLES PETROLEUM PETROLEUM DEMAND PETROLEUM INDUSTRY PETROLEUM PRODUCT SUPPLY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS POLICY MAKERS POLLUTANT EMISSIONS POLLUTANT REDUCTIONS POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLLUTION CONTROL POLLUTION LEVELS POPULATION DENSITY POWER PRESENT VALUE PUBLIC HEALTH QUALITY OF TRANSPORTATION QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS REDUCTION IN EMISSIONS REFINERY REFINERY CAPACITY REFINERY CLOSURES REFINERY FUEL REFINERY OPERATIONS ROAD ROADS SCENARIOS STATIONARY SOURCES SULFUR SULFUR CONTENT SULFUR DIOXIDE SULPHUR SUPPLY COSTS TOTAL CONSUMPTION TOTAL DEMAND TOTAL EMISSIONS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC CONGESTION TRANSPORT FUELS TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION FUEL TRANSPORTATION FUELS TYPES OF VEHICLES UNCERTAINTIES URBAN AIR QUALITY URBAN AREAS URBAN TRANSPORT VEHICLE VEHICLE EMISSION VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL VEHICLE EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE FLEET VEHICLE FLEETS VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE TYPES VEHICLE USE VEHICLES WEALTH |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Project : Executive Summary |
| title_short |
Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Project : Executive Summary |
| title_full |
Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Project : Executive Summary |
| title_fullStr |
Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Project : Executive Summary |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Sub-Saharan Africa Refinery Project : Executive Summary |
| title_sort |
sub-saharan africa refinery project : executive summary |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2009-09 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2009/09/16453103/final-report-sub-saharan-africa-refinery-project-health-study-volume-i-abr-vol-3-3 https://hdl.handle.net/10986/12901 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT worldbank subsaharanafricarefineryprojectexecutivesummary |
| _version_ |
1809106222081638400 |