Systematics, taxonomy and domestication of alpaca and llama: new chromosomal and molecular evidence
Four camelid species exist in South America: two wild, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and the vicuna (Victigna vicugna), and two domestic, the alpaca (Lama pacos) and the llama (Lama glama). However, the origin of the domestic species has been a matter of debate. In the present study, variations in chromosome G banding patterns and in two mitochondrial gene sequences have been used to study the origin and classification of the llama and alpaca.-Similar patterns in chromosome G band structure were observed in all four Lamini species, and these in turn were similar to the bands described for camels, Camelus bactrianus. However, fine and consistent differences were found in the short arms of chromosome 1, separating camels, guanacos and llamas from vicunas and alpacas. This pattern was consistent even in a hybrid guanaco x alpaca. Equivalent relationship showed the complete cytochrome b gene sequences, and the minimum expansion tree of the partial control region sequence, grouping guanaco with llama and vicuna with alpaca. Phylogenetic analyses showed V. vicugna and L. guanicoe as monophyletic groups. Analysis of both gene sequences revealed two clades within vicuna, concordant with the two described subspecies, but the results for guanaco did not confirm existence of the four previously proposed subspecies. The combined analysis of chromosomal and molecular variation showed close genetic similarity between alpacas and vicunas, as well as between llamas and guanacos. Although directional hybridization was revealed, our results strongly support the hypothesis that the llama would have derived from L. guanicoe and the alpaca from V. vicugna, supporting reclassification as V. pacos.
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Artículo de revista biblioteca |
Language: | Spanish / Castilian |
Published: |
2008-05-14T14:13:14Z
|
Subjects: | Camelidae, |
Online Access: | https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/120344 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
id |
dig-infor-cl-20.500.12220-26116 |
---|---|
record_format |
koha |
spelling |
dig-infor-cl-20.500.12220-261162023-06-20T14:43:12Z Systematics, taxonomy and domestication of alpaca and llama: new chromosomal and molecular evidence Marín, Juan C. Zapata, Beatriz González, Benito Bonacic, Cristian Wheeler, Jane C. Casey, Ciara Bruford, Michael W. Palma, R. Eduardo Poulin, Elie Alliende Rodríguez, María Angélica Spotorno Oyarzún, Ángel Camelidae Four camelid species exist in South America: two wild, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and the vicuna (Victigna vicugna), and two domestic, the alpaca (Lama pacos) and the llama (Lama glama). However, the origin of the domestic species has been a matter of debate. In the present study, variations in chromosome G banding patterns and in two mitochondrial gene sequences have been used to study the origin and classification of the llama and alpaca.-Similar patterns in chromosome G band structure were observed in all four Lamini species, and these in turn were similar to the bands described for camels, Camelus bactrianus. However, fine and consistent differences were found in the short arms of chromosome 1, separating camels, guanacos and llamas from vicunas and alpacas. This pattern was consistent even in a hybrid guanaco x alpaca. Equivalent relationship showed the complete cytochrome b gene sequences, and the minimum expansion tree of the partial control region sequence, grouping guanaco with llama and vicuna with alpaca. Phylogenetic analyses showed V. vicugna and L. guanicoe as monophyletic groups. Analysis of both gene sequences revealed two clades within vicuna, concordant with the two described subspecies, but the results for guanaco did not confirm existence of the four previously proposed subspecies. The combined analysis of chromosomal and molecular variation showed close genetic similarity between alpacas and vicunas, as well as between llamas and guanacos. Although directional hybridization was revealed, our results strongly support the hypothesis that the llama would have derived from L. guanicoe and the alpaca from V. vicugna, supporting reclassification as V. pacos. 2008-05-14T14:13:14Z 2008-05-14T14:13:14Z 2008-05-14T14:13:14Z 2007 Artículo de revista REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL Vol. 80 JUN 2007 2 121-140 https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/120344 es |
institution |
INFOR CL |
collection |
DSpace |
country |
Chile |
countrycode |
CL |
component |
Bibliográfico |
access |
En linea |
databasecode |
dig-infor-cl |
tag |
biblioteca |
region |
America del Sur |
libraryname |
Biblioteca del INFOR Chile |
language |
Spanish / Castilian |
topic |
Camelidae Camelidae |
spellingShingle |
Camelidae Camelidae Marín, Juan C. Zapata, Beatriz González, Benito Bonacic, Cristian Wheeler, Jane C. Casey, Ciara Bruford, Michael W. Palma, R. Eduardo Poulin, Elie Alliende Rodríguez, María Angélica Spotorno Oyarzún, Ángel Systematics, taxonomy and domestication of alpaca and llama: new chromosomal and molecular evidence |
description |
Four camelid species exist in South America: two wild, the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and the vicuna (Victigna vicugna), and two domestic, the alpaca (Lama pacos) and the llama (Lama glama). However, the origin of the domestic species has been a matter of debate. In the present study, variations in chromosome G banding patterns and in two mitochondrial gene sequences have been used to study the origin and classification of the llama and alpaca.-Similar patterns in chromosome G band structure were observed in all four Lamini species, and these in turn were similar to the bands described for camels, Camelus bactrianus. However, fine and consistent differences were found in the short arms of chromosome 1, separating camels, guanacos and llamas from vicunas and alpacas. This pattern was consistent even in a hybrid guanaco x alpaca. Equivalent relationship showed the complete cytochrome b gene sequences, and the minimum expansion tree of the partial control region sequence, grouping guanaco with llama and vicuna with alpaca. Phylogenetic analyses showed V. vicugna and L. guanicoe as monophyletic groups. Analysis of both gene sequences revealed two clades within vicuna, concordant with the two described subspecies, but the results for guanaco did not confirm existence of the four previously proposed subspecies. The combined analysis of chromosomal and molecular variation showed close genetic similarity between alpacas and vicunas, as well as between llamas and guanacos. Although directional hybridization was revealed, our results strongly support the hypothesis that the llama would have derived from L. guanicoe and the alpaca from V. vicugna, supporting reclassification as V. pacos. |
format |
Artículo de revista |
topic_facet |
Camelidae |
author |
Marín, Juan C. Zapata, Beatriz González, Benito Bonacic, Cristian Wheeler, Jane C. Casey, Ciara Bruford, Michael W. Palma, R. Eduardo Poulin, Elie Alliende Rodríguez, María Angélica Spotorno Oyarzún, Ángel |
author_facet |
Marín, Juan C. Zapata, Beatriz González, Benito Bonacic, Cristian Wheeler, Jane C. Casey, Ciara Bruford, Michael W. Palma, R. Eduardo Poulin, Elie Alliende Rodríguez, María Angélica Spotorno Oyarzún, Ángel |
author_sort |
Marín, Juan C. |
title |
Systematics, taxonomy and domestication of alpaca and llama: new chromosomal and molecular evidence |
title_short |
Systematics, taxonomy and domestication of alpaca and llama: new chromosomal and molecular evidence |
title_full |
Systematics, taxonomy and domestication of alpaca and llama: new chromosomal and molecular evidence |
title_fullStr |
Systematics, taxonomy and domestication of alpaca and llama: new chromosomal and molecular evidence |
title_full_unstemmed |
Systematics, taxonomy and domestication of alpaca and llama: new chromosomal and molecular evidence |
title_sort |
systematics, taxonomy and domestication of alpaca and llama: new chromosomal and molecular evidence |
publishDate |
2008-05-14T14:13:14Z |
url |
https://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/120344 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT marinjuanc systematicstaxonomyanddomesticationofalpacaandllamanewchromosomalandmolecularevidence AT zapatabeatriz systematicstaxonomyanddomesticationofalpacaandllamanewchromosomalandmolecularevidence AT gonzalezbenito systematicstaxonomyanddomesticationofalpacaandllamanewchromosomalandmolecularevidence AT bonaciccristian systematicstaxonomyanddomesticationofalpacaandllamanewchromosomalandmolecularevidence AT wheelerjanec systematicstaxonomyanddomesticationofalpacaandllamanewchromosomalandmolecularevidence AT caseyciara systematicstaxonomyanddomesticationofalpacaandllamanewchromosomalandmolecularevidence AT brufordmichaelw systematicstaxonomyanddomesticationofalpacaandllamanewchromosomalandmolecularevidence AT palmareduardo systematicstaxonomyanddomesticationofalpacaandllamanewchromosomalandmolecularevidence AT poulinelie systematicstaxonomyanddomesticationofalpacaandllamanewchromosomalandmolecularevidence AT allienderodriguezmariaangelica systematicstaxonomyanddomesticationofalpacaandllamanewchromosomalandmolecularevidence AT spotornooyarzunangel systematicstaxonomyanddomesticationofalpacaandllamanewchromosomalandmolecularevidence |
_version_ |
1769604064629227520 |