Towards a feasible and scalable production of bio-xerogels
© 2015 Elsevier Inc. Hypothesis: The synthesis process of carbon xerogels is limited, mainly due to two drawbacks that prevent their introduction onto the market: (i) the long time required for producing the material and (ii) the reagents used for the synthesis, which are costly and harmful to the environment. Microwave radiation is expected to produce a reduction in time of more than 90%, while the use of tannin instead of resorcinol will probably result in a cost-effective carbonaceous material. Experiments: Resorcinol-tannin-formaldehyde xerogels containing different amounts of tannin, either with or without a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate), were synthesized by means of two different heating methods: conventional and microwave heating. The effects of the surfactant, the heating method and the addition of tannin upon the porous structure and the chemical composition of the final materials were evaluated. Findings: It was found that the addition of surfactant is essential for obtaining highly porous xerogels when using tannins. The heating method also plays an important role, as conventionally synthesized samples display a greater volume of large pores. However, tannins are less sensitive to microwave radiation and their use results in tannin-formaldehyde xerogels that have a porous structure and chemical composition similar to those of resorcinol-formaldehyde xerogels.
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Subjects: | Surfactant, Porous properties, Microwave radiation, Tannins, Xerogels, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/131815 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 |
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dig-incar-es-10261-1318152022-12-14T14:06:58Z Towards a feasible and scalable production of bio-xerogels Rey Raap, Natalia Szczurek, A. Fierro, V. Menéndez Díaz, José Ángel Arenillas de la Puente, Ana Celzard, A. European Commission Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) Surfactant Porous properties Microwave radiation Tannins Xerogels © 2015 Elsevier Inc. Hypothesis: The synthesis process of carbon xerogels is limited, mainly due to two drawbacks that prevent their introduction onto the market: (i) the long time required for producing the material and (ii) the reagents used for the synthesis, which are costly and harmful to the environment. Microwave radiation is expected to produce a reduction in time of more than 90%, while the use of tannin instead of resorcinol will probably result in a cost-effective carbonaceous material. Experiments: Resorcinol-tannin-formaldehyde xerogels containing different amounts of tannin, either with or without a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate), were synthesized by means of two different heating methods: conventional and microwave heating. The effects of the surfactant, the heating method and the addition of tannin upon the porous structure and the chemical composition of the final materials were evaluated. Findings: It was found that the addition of surfactant is essential for obtaining highly porous xerogels when using tannins. The heating method also plays an important role, as conventionally synthesized samples display a greater volume of large pores. However, tannins are less sensitive to microwave radiation and their use results in tannin-formaldehyde xerogels that have a porous structure and chemical composition similar to those of resorcinol-formaldehyde xerogels. Financial support from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain MINECO (under Projects MAT2011-23733, IPT-2012-0689-420000 and CTQ2013-49433-EXP) is greatly acknowledged. NRR is also grateful to MINECO for her predoctoral research grant. The French authors also gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the CPER 2007–2013 “Structuration du Pôle de Compétitivité Fibres Grand’Est” (Competitiveness Fibre Cluster), through local (Conseil Général des Vosges), regional (Région Lorraine), national (DRRT and FNADT) and European (FEDER) funds. Peer Reviewed 2015 2016-05-06T10:01:22Z artículo http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.06.024 issn: 1095-7103 Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 456: 138-144 (2015) http://hdl.handle.net/10261/131815 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.06.024 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 #PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE# info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CTQ2013-49433-EXP Postprint http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2015.06.024 Sí open Elsevier |
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Surfactant Porous properties Microwave radiation Tannins Xerogels Surfactant Porous properties Microwave radiation Tannins Xerogels |
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Surfactant Porous properties Microwave radiation Tannins Xerogels Surfactant Porous properties Microwave radiation Tannins Xerogels Rey Raap, Natalia Szczurek, A. Fierro, V. Menéndez Díaz, José Ángel Arenillas de la Puente, Ana Celzard, A. Towards a feasible and scalable production of bio-xerogels |
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© 2015 Elsevier Inc. Hypothesis: The synthesis process of carbon xerogels is limited, mainly due to two drawbacks that prevent their introduction onto the market: (i) the long time required for producing the material and (ii) the reagents used for the synthesis, which are costly and harmful to the environment. Microwave radiation is expected to produce a reduction in time of more than 90%, while the use of tannin instead of resorcinol will probably result in a cost-effective carbonaceous material. Experiments: Resorcinol-tannin-formaldehyde xerogels containing different amounts of tannin, either with or without a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate), were synthesized by means of two different heating methods: conventional and microwave heating. The effects of the surfactant, the heating method and the addition of tannin upon the porous structure and the chemical composition of the final materials were evaluated. Findings: It was found that the addition of surfactant is essential for obtaining highly porous xerogels when using tannins. The heating method also plays an important role, as conventionally synthesized samples display a greater volume of large pores. However, tannins are less sensitive to microwave radiation and their use results in tannin-formaldehyde xerogels that have a porous structure and chemical composition similar to those of resorcinol-formaldehyde xerogels. |
author2 |
European Commission |
author_facet |
European Commission Rey Raap, Natalia Szczurek, A. Fierro, V. Menéndez Díaz, José Ángel Arenillas de la Puente, Ana Celzard, A. |
format |
artículo |
topic_facet |
Surfactant Porous properties Microwave radiation Tannins Xerogels |
author |
Rey Raap, Natalia Szczurek, A. Fierro, V. Menéndez Díaz, José Ángel Arenillas de la Puente, Ana Celzard, A. |
author_sort |
Rey Raap, Natalia |
title |
Towards a feasible and scalable production of bio-xerogels |
title_short |
Towards a feasible and scalable production of bio-xerogels |
title_full |
Towards a feasible and scalable production of bio-xerogels |
title_fullStr |
Towards a feasible and scalable production of bio-xerogels |
title_full_unstemmed |
Towards a feasible and scalable production of bio-xerogels |
title_sort |
towards a feasible and scalable production of bio-xerogels |
publisher |
Elsevier |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10261/131815 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000780 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003329 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT reyraapnatalia towardsafeasibleandscalableproductionofbioxerogels AT szczureka towardsafeasibleandscalableproductionofbioxerogels AT fierrov towardsafeasibleandscalableproductionofbioxerogels AT menendezdiazjoseangel towardsafeasibleandscalableproductionofbioxerogels AT arenillasdelapuenteana towardsafeasibleandscalableproductionofbioxerogels AT celzarda towardsafeasibleandscalableproductionofbioxerogels |
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