Ecotoxicological effects of rice field waters on selected planktonic species: comparison between conventional and organic farming
The aim of this study was to assess the ecotoxicological effects of water coming from untreated organic and conventional rice field production areas in the Ebro Delta (Catalonia, Spain) treated with the herbicides oxadiazon, benzofenap, clomazone and bensulfuron-methyl and the fungicides carbendazim, tricyclazole and flusilazole. Irrigation and drainage channels of the study locations were also included to account for potential toxic effects of water coming in and out of the studied rice fields. Toxicity tests included four species (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Desmodesmus subcapitatus, Chlorella vulgaris and Daphnia magna), three endpoints (microalgae growth, D. magna mortality and feeding rates), and two trophic levels: primary producers (microalgae) and grazers (D. magna). Pesticides in water were analyzed by solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Negative effects on algae growth and D. magna feeding rates were detected mainly after application of herbicides and fungicides, respectively, in the conventional rice field. Results indicated that most of the observed negative effects in microalgae and D. magna were explained by the presence of herbicides and fungicides. The above mentioned analyses also denoted an inverse relationship between phytoplankton biomass measured as chlorophyll a and herbicides. In summary, this study indicates that in real field situations low to moderate levels of herbicides and fungicides have negative impacts to planktonic organisms and these effects seem to be short-lived.
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | artículo biblioteca |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Springer
2010
|
Subjects: | Bioassays, Microalgae, Daphnia magna, Rice fields, Organic farming, Ebro Delta, |
Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/10261/44078 |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
Summary: | The aim of this study was to assess the ecotoxicological
effects of water coming from untreated organic
and conventional rice field production areas in the Ebro
Delta (Catalonia, Spain) treated with the herbicides oxadiazon,
benzofenap, clomazone and bensulfuron-methyl and
the fungicides carbendazim, tricyclazole and flusilazole.
Irrigation and drainage channels of the study locations were
also included to account for potential toxic effects of water
coming in and out of the studied rice fields. Toxicity tests
included four species (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata,
Desmodesmus subcapitatus, Chlorella vulgaris and Daphnia
magna), three endpoints (microalgae growth, D. magna
mortality and feeding rates), and two trophic levels: primary
producers (microalgae) and grazers (D. magna). Pesticides
in water were analyzed by solid phase extraction-liquid
chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry
(LC-ESI-MS/MS). Negative effects on algae growth and
D. magna feeding rates were detected mainly after application
of herbicides and fungicides, respectively, in the
conventional rice field. Results indicated that most of the
observed negative effects in microalgae and D. magna were
explained by the presence of herbicides and fungicides. The
above mentioned analyses also denoted an inverse relationship
between phytoplankton biomass measured as chlorophyll a and herbicides. In summary, this study indicates
that in real field situations low to moderate levels of
herbicides and fungicides have negative impacts to planktonic
organisms and these effects seem to be short-lived. |
---|